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Review

Small Dimension—Big Impact! Nanoparticle-Enhanced Non-Invasive and Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis In Vivo

by
Tobias Lenz
1,
Philipp Nicol
1,2,
Maria Isabel Castellanos
1,2,
Leif-Christopher Engel
1,
Anna Lena Lahmann
1,
Christoph Alexiou
3 and
Michael Joner
1,2,*
1
German Heart Centre Munich, Technical University of Munich, Lazarettstraße 36, 80636 Munich, Germany
2
DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, 80802 Munich, Germany
3
Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Section of Experimental Oncology and Nanomedicine (SEON), Else Kröner-Fresenius-Stiftung-Professorship, University Hospital Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2020, 25(5), 1029; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051029
Submission received: 19 December 2019 / Revised: 14 February 2020 / Accepted: 18 February 2020 / Published: 25 February 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cardiovascular Nanomedicines and Nanomaterials )
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Versions Notes

Abstract

Extensive translational research has provided considerable progress regarding the understanding of atherosclerosis pathophysiology over the last decades. In contrast, implementation of molecular in vivo imaging remains highly limited. In that context, nanoparticles represent a useful tool. Their variable shape and composition assure biocompatibility and stability within the environment of intended use, while the possibility of conjugating different ligands as well as contrast dyes enable targeting of moieties of interest on a molecular level and visualization throughout various imaging modalities. These characteristics have been exploited by a number of preclinical research approaches aimed at advancing understanding of vascular atherosclerotic disease, in order to improve identification of high-risk lesions prior to oftentimes fatal thromboembolic events. Furthermore, the combination of these targeted nanoparticles with therapeutic agents offers the potential of site-targeted drug delivery with minimized systemic secondary effects. This review gives an overview of different groups of targeted nanoparticles, designed for in vivo molecular imaging of atherosclerosis as well as an outlook on potential combined diagnostic and therapeutic applications.
Keywords: molecular imaging; nanoparticles; atherosclerosis molecular imaging; nanoparticles; atherosclerosis

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MDPI and ACS Style

Lenz, T.; Nicol, P.; Castellanos, M.I.; Engel, L.-C.; Lahmann, A.L.; Alexiou, C.; Joner, M. Small Dimension—Big Impact! Nanoparticle-Enhanced Non-Invasive and Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis In Vivo. Molecules 2020, 25, 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051029

AMA Style

Lenz T, Nicol P, Castellanos MI, Engel L-C, Lahmann AL, Alexiou C, Joner M. Small Dimension—Big Impact! Nanoparticle-Enhanced Non-Invasive and Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis In Vivo. Molecules. 2020; 25(5):1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051029

Chicago/Turabian Style

Lenz, Tobias, Philipp Nicol, Maria Isabel Castellanos, Leif-Christopher Engel, Anna Lena Lahmann, Christoph Alexiou, and Michael Joner. 2020. "Small Dimension—Big Impact! Nanoparticle-Enhanced Non-Invasive and Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis In Vivo" Molecules 25, no. 5: 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051029

APA Style

Lenz, T., Nicol, P., Castellanos, M. I., Engel, L.-C., Lahmann, A. L., Alexiou, C., & Joner, M. (2020). Small Dimension—Big Impact! Nanoparticle-Enhanced Non-Invasive and Intravascular Molecular Imaging of Atherosclerosis In Vivo. Molecules, 25(5), 1029. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25051029

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