Platinum Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Applications
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Green Synthesis of PtNPs Utilizing Plant Extracts
2.1. Green Synthesis of PtNPs Using Plant Extracts
2.2. Characterization and Biological Activities of PtNPs Prepared Using Plant Extracts
3. Green Synthesis of PtNPs Using Miscellaneous Biological Entities
4. Conclusions and Future Directions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Plant | Part Used | Reaction Conditions | Average Size (nm) | Shape | Biomedical Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Azadirachta indica | Leaf extract | 100 °C; 60 min | 5–50 | Spherical | - | [61] |
Nigella sativa (Black cumin) | Seeds | 75 °C; 2 days | 3.47 | Spherical |
| [62] |
Terminalia chebula | Fruit extract | 100 °C; 10 min | <4 | Nearly spherical | - | [63] |
Tea polyphenol | - | Room temperature 1 h | 30–60 | Flower-shaped |
| [64] |
Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) | Leaf extract | 100 °C; 1 h | 23 | Irregular structure | - | [65] |
Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) | Leaf extract | Room temperature. Plant extract: Pt ions (1:9) >20 min | 2 | Irregular structure | - | [66] |
Punica granatum (Pomegranate) | Crusts | Room temperature Ultrasonication 24 h | 20.12 | Spherical and cubes |
| [67] |
Doipyros kaki (Persimmon) | Leaf extract | 95 °C; 2–3 h; Leaf broth concentration: >10% | 2−12 | Spheres and plates | - | [68] |
Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) | Leaf extract | 95 °C; pH 6–9 | - | Irregular rod shaped | - | [69] |
Bacopa monnieri (Water hyssop) | Leaf extract | Room temperature | 5–20 | Spherical |
| [70] |
Cochlospermum gossypium | Gum | 120 °C; pH 8 | 2.4 | Spherical | - | [71] |
Dioscorea bulbifera | Tuber extract | 100 °C; 5 h | 2–5 | Spherical |
| [72] |
Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth) | Leaf extract | 90 °C; 1 h | TEM: 3.74 DLS: 73.3 | Spherical | - | [73] |
Green tea | Powder extract | 50 °C; 4 h | 2 | Spherical |
| [73] |
Ononis spinose | Radix extract | 80 °C; 10 h | 4 | Spherical and hexagonal |
| [74] |
Maytenus royleanus | Leaf extract | 90 °C; 3 h | 5 | Spherical |
| [75] |
Mentha piperita (Peppermint) | Leaf extract | 60 °C; 2 h | 54.3 | Spherical |
| [76] |
Taraxacum laevigatum | Plant extract | 90 °C; 10 min | 2–7 | Spherical |
| [77] |
Prunus x yedoensis | Gum extract | pH 8; Gum extract concentrations of 7% and 8% 30 min | 10–50 | Spherical |
| [78] |
Biological Entity | Reaction Conditions | Average Size (nm) | Shape | Biomedical Application | Ref. |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Quail egg yolk | 20 °C; pH 6; 4 h | 7–50 | Spherical | - | [80] |
Streptomyces species (Gram-positive bacteria)) | 50 °C; 24 h | 20–50 | Spherical |
| [81] |
Acinetobacter calcoaceticus bacteria | 30 °C; pH 7; 24 h | 2–3.5 | Cuboidal | - | [82] |
Sheep milk | room temperature for 3 h. | 9 | Spherical | - | [83] |
Honey | 100 °C for 2 and 4 h | 2.2 | Nanowires | - | [84] |
Globular protein bovine serum albumin (BSA) | 37 °C; pH 3.2 for 24 h | 10–30 | Spherical | - | [85] |
Padina gymnospora (brown algae) | room temperature for 10 min | 5–50 | Truncated octahedral |
| [86] |
Padina gymnospora (brown algae) | 50 °C; 3 h | 20–35 | Spherical |
| [87] |
Fusarium oxysporum fungus | Room temperature for 96 h | 15–30 | Spherical | - | [88] |
Plant | Peak Appeared (nm) | Peak Disappeared (nm) | Reference |
---|---|---|---|
Azadirachta indica | 241 * | - | [61] |
Nigella sativa | 263 | - | [62] |
Terminalia chebula | - | 262 ** | [63] |
Ocimum sanctum (Tulsi) | 400 | - | [66] |
Doipyros kaki (Persimmon) | 477 | - | [68] |
Anacardium occidentale (Cashew) | 200 | 259 ** | [69] |
Bacopa monnieri (Water hyssop) | 330–380 | - | [70] |
Eichhornia crassipes (Water hyacinth) | 200–300 (continuum) | 261 ** | [79] |
Green tea powder extract | - | 320 *** | [73] |
Ononis spinosa | 200–300 (broad continuum) | 265 | [74] |
Maytenus royleanus | 282 | - | [75] |
Mentha piperita | 272 | - | [76] |
Taraxacum laevigatum | 283 | - | [77] |
Prunus x yedoensis | 277 | - | [78] |
Quail egg yolk | 329 | - | [80] |
Padina gymnospora | - | 320 | [81] |
Streptomyces species | 262 | - | [83] |
Sheep milk | 278–284 | - | [84] |
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Fahmy, S.A.; Preis, E.; Bakowsky, U.; Azzazy, H.M.E.-S. Platinum Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Molecules 2020, 25, 4981. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214981
Fahmy SA, Preis E, Bakowsky U, Azzazy HME-S. Platinum Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Applications. Molecules. 2020; 25(21):4981. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214981
Chicago/Turabian StyleFahmy, Sherif Ashraf, Eduard Preis, Udo Bakowsky, and Hassan Mohamed El-Said Azzazy. 2020. "Platinum Nanoparticles: Green Synthesis and Biomedical Applications" Molecules 25, no. 21: 4981. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25214981