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Article

Microencapsulated Pomegranate Modifies the Composition and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) in New Zealand Rabbits

by
Alan Dorantes-Morales
1,
Diego Estrada-Luna
1,
Rocío Bautista-Pérez
1,
Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera
2,
María Luna-Luna
1,
Cristóbal Flores-Castillo
1,
Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón
1,
José Manuel Fragoso
1,
Óscar Pérez-Méndez
1,3,* and
Elizabeth Carreón-Torres
1,*
1
Department of Molecular Biology, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología “Ignacio Chávez”, Juan Badiano 1, Sección XVI, Tlalpan, Mexico City 14080, Mexico
2
Área Académica de Nutrición y Toxicología Clínica, Instituto de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Ex-Hacienda de la Concepción, Tilcuautla, Pachuca de Soto 42080, Hidalgo, Mexico
3
School of Engineering and Sciences, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Campus Ciudad de México, Calle del Puente #222, Ejidos de Huipulco, Tlalpan C.P. 14380, México City, Mexico
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2020, 25(14), 3297; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143297
Submission received: 18 June 2020 / Revised: 15 July 2020 / Accepted: 16 July 2020 / Published: 21 July 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactives and Functional Ingredients in Foods and Beverages)
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Abstract

Previous studies demonstrated that pomegranate, which is a source of several bioactive molecules, induces modifications of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) lipid composition and functionality. However, it remains unclear whether the beneficial effects of pomegranate are related to improvement in the lipid components of HDL. Therefore, in this placebo-controlled study, we characterized the size and lipid composition of HDL subclasses and assessed the functionality of these lipoproteins after 30 days of supplementation with a pomegranate microencapsulated (MiPo) in New Zealand white rabbits. We observed a significant decrease in plasma cholesterol, triglycerides, and non−HDL sphingomyelin, as well as increases in HDL cholesterol and HDL phospholipids after supplementation with MiPo. Concomitantly, the triglycerides of the five HDL subclasses isolated by electrophoresis significantly decreased, whereas phospholipids, cholesterol, and sphingomyelin of HDL subclasses, as well as the HDL size distribution remained unchanged. Of particular interest, the triglycerides content of HDL, estimated by the triglycerides-to-phospholipids ratio, decreased significantly after MiPo supplementation. The modification on the lipid content after the supplementation was associated with an increased resistance of HDL to oxidation as determined by the conjugated dienes formation catalyzed by Cu2+. Accordingly, paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity determined with phenylacetate as substrate increased after MiPo. The effect of HDL on endothelial function was analyzed by the response to increasing doses of acetylcholine of aorta rings co-incubated with the lipoproteins in an isolated organ bath. The HDL from rabbits that received placebo partially inhibited the endothelium-dependent vasodilation. In contrast, the negative effect of HDL on endothelial function was reverted by MiPo supplementation. These results show that the beneficial effects of pomegranate are mediated at least in part by improving the functionality of HDL, probably via the reduction of the content of triglycerides in these lipoproteins.
Keywords: high-density lipoprotein; pomegranate microencapsulated; supplementation; profile lipid; cardioprotective function high-density lipoprotein; pomegranate microencapsulated; supplementation; profile lipid; cardioprotective function

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MDPI and ACS Style

Dorantes-Morales, A.; Estrada-Luna, D.; Bautista-Pérez, R.; Betanzos-Cabrera, G.; Luna-Luna, M.; Flores-Castillo, C.; Vargas-Alarcón, G.; Fragoso, J.M.; Pérez-Méndez, Ó.; Carreón-Torres, E. Microencapsulated Pomegranate Modifies the Composition and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) in New Zealand Rabbits. Molecules 2020, 25, 3297. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143297

AMA Style

Dorantes-Morales A, Estrada-Luna D, Bautista-Pérez R, Betanzos-Cabrera G, Luna-Luna M, Flores-Castillo C, Vargas-Alarcón G, Fragoso JM, Pérez-Méndez Ó, Carreón-Torres E. Microencapsulated Pomegranate Modifies the Composition and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) in New Zealand Rabbits. Molecules. 2020; 25(14):3297. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143297

Chicago/Turabian Style

Dorantes-Morales, Alan, Diego Estrada-Luna, Rocío Bautista-Pérez, Gabriel Betanzos-Cabrera, María Luna-Luna, Cristóbal Flores-Castillo, Gilberto Vargas-Alarcón, José Manuel Fragoso, Óscar Pérez-Méndez, and Elizabeth Carreón-Torres. 2020. "Microencapsulated Pomegranate Modifies the Composition and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) in New Zealand Rabbits" Molecules 25, no. 14: 3297. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143297

APA Style

Dorantes-Morales, A., Estrada-Luna, D., Bautista-Pérez, R., Betanzos-Cabrera, G., Luna-Luna, M., Flores-Castillo, C., Vargas-Alarcón, G., Fragoso, J. M., Pérez-Méndez, Ó., & Carreón-Torres, E. (2020). Microencapsulated Pomegranate Modifies the Composition and Function of High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) in New Zealand Rabbits. Molecules, 25(14), 3297. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25143297

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