Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth Extracts Reduce Quorum Sensing Controlled Virulence Factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa
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Division of Microbiology, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
2
Social Insects Research Group, Department of Zoology and Entomology, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield Pretoria 0028, South Africa
3
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X20, Hatfield 0028, South Africa
*
Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Academic Editor: Gianni Sacchetti
Molecules 2020, 25(10), 2283; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102283
Received: 3 April 2020
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Revised: 30 April 2020
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Accepted: 7 May 2020
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Published: 13 May 2020
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biological Activities of Medicinal Plants)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the causative agent of several life-threatening human infections. Like many other pathogens, P. aeruginosa exhibits quorum sensing (QS) controlled virulence factors such as biofilm during disease progression, complicating treatment with conventional antibiotics. Thus, impeding the pathogen’s QS circuit appears as a promising alternative strategy to overcome pseudomonas infections. In the present study, Calpurnia aurea were evaluated for their antibacterial (minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC)), anti-quorum sensing/antivirulence (AQS), and antibiofilm potential against P. aeruginosa. AQS and antivirulence (biofilm formation, swimming, and swarming motility) activities of plant extracts were evaluated against Chromobacterium violaceum and P. aeruginosa, respectively. The in vitro AQS potential of the individual compounds were validated using in silico molecular docking. Acetone and ethanolic extracts of C. aurea showed MIC at 1.56 mg/mL. The quantitative violacein inhibition (AQS) assay showed ethyl acetate extracts as the most potent at a concentration of 1 mg/mL. GCMS analysis of C. aurea revealed 17 compounds; four (pentadecanol, dimethyl terephthalate, terephthalic acid, and methyl mannose) showed potential AQS through molecular docking against the CviR protein of C. violaceum. Biofilm of P. aeruginosa was significantly inhibited by ≥60% using 1-mg/mL extract of C. aurea. Confocal laser scanning microscopy correlated the findings of crystal violet assay with the extracts significantly altering the swimming motility. C. aurea extracts reduced the virulence of pseudomonas, albeit in a strain- and extract-specific manner, showing their suitability for the identification of lead compounds with QS inhibitory potential for the control of P. aeruginosa infections.
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Keywords:
antipathogenic; anti-quorum sensing; biofilm formation; cell-to-cell communication; plant extract; molecular docking
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MDPI and ACS Style
Cosa, S.; Rakoma, J.R.; Yusuf, A.A.; Tshikalange, T.E. Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth Extracts Reduce Quorum Sensing Controlled Virulence Factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules 2020, 25, 2283. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102283
AMA Style
Cosa S, Rakoma JR, Yusuf AA, Tshikalange TE. Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth Extracts Reduce Quorum Sensing Controlled Virulence Factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Molecules. 2020; 25(10):2283. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102283
Chicago/Turabian StyleCosa, Sekelwa, Jostina R. Rakoma, Abdullahi A. Yusuf, and Thilivhali E. Tshikalange. 2020. "Calpurnia aurea (Aiton) Benth Extracts Reduce Quorum Sensing Controlled Virulence Factors in Pseudomonas aeruginosa" Molecules 25, no. 10: 2283. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules25102283
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