Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of “Pompia”, a Sardinian Citrus Ecotype
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Phytochemical Investigation
2.2. Antioxidant Activity
2.3. Antifungal Activity
2.4. Antibacterial Activity
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Essential Oils Extraction
4.3. Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Analyses and Peaks Identification
4.4. Antiradical Activity by Diphenyl-1-Picarylhydrazyl (DPPH) Assay
4.5. Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) Assay
4.6. Antifungal Activity
4.7. Antibacterial Activity
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of plant material are available at the “Azienda Scuola Agraria di Siniscola—I.P.S.A.S.R.”, Località San Narciso, Siniscola (NU, Sardinia, Italy). |
Constituents | l.r.i. a | Relative Abundance (%) ± SD | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
HD Peel EO | CP Peel EO | HD Leaf EO | |||
1 | α-thujene | 931 | Tr b | - c | - |
2 | α-pinene | 941 | 0.43 ± 0.00 | 0.51 ± 0.04 | tr |
3 | camphene | 954 | tr | - | - |
4 | sabinene | 976 | 0.14 ± 0.00 | 0.07 ± 0.08 | 0.28 ± 0.01 |
5 | β-pinene | 982 | tr | - | 0.19 ± 0.00 |
6 | 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one | 985 | tr | - | tr |
7 | myrcene | 993 | 2.12 ± 0.01 | 1.55 ± 0.04 | 0.91 ± 0.02 |
8 | α-phellandrene | 1005 | tr | tr | tr |
9 | δ-3-carene | 1011 | tr | - | 0.90 ± 0.05 |
10 | α-terpinene | 1018 | tr | - | - |
11 | p-cymene | 1027 | - | - | tr |
12 | limonene | 1032 | 77.44 ± 0.58 | 95.77 ± 0.30 | 28.64 ± 1.24 |
13 | cis-β-ocimene | 1042 | - | - | 0.46 ± 0.04 |
14 | trans-β-ocimene | 1052 | 0.99 ± 0.01 | 0.50 ± 0.13 | 10.50 ± 0.12 |
15 | isoterpinolene | 1087 | - | - | tr |
16 | terpinolene | 1088 | tr | - | 0.16 ± 0.02 |
17 | linalool | 1101 | 1.13 ± 0.06 | tr | 0.56 ± 0.02 |
18 | trans-p-mentha-2,8-dien-1-ol | 1121 | tr | - | - |
19 | trans-limonene oxide | 1141 | tr | - | tr |
20 | camphor | 1143 | tr | - | - |
21 | citronellal | 1155 | 0.33 ± 0.00 | - | 1.27 ± 0.16 |
22 | isoneral | 1171 | tr | - | 0.37 ± 0.14 |
23 | 4-terpineol | 1178 | tr | - | - |
24 | isogeranial | 1184 | 0.14 ± 0.01 | - | 0.44 ± 0.04 |
25 | α-terpineol | 1189 | 0.35 ± 0.01 | - | 0.14 ± 0.02 |
26 | decanal | 1204 | - | - | tr |
27 | trans-carveol | 1218 | tr | - | - |
28 | nerol | 1230 | 1.24 ± 0.04 | - | 1.49 ± 0.09 |
29 | neral | 1240 | 4.43 ± 0.14 | tr | 18.84 ± 0.36 |
30 | geraniol | 1257 | 1.46 ± 0.01 | - | 0.57 ± 0.02 |
31 | geranial | 1271 | 6.16 ± 0.13 | tr | 24.44 ± 1.59 |
32 | methyl geranate | 1325 | tr | - | - |
33 | citronellyl acetate | 1350 | tr | - | tr |
34 | neryl acetate | 1366 | 0.61 ± 0.03 | tr | 1.48 ± 0.05 |
35 | geranyl acetate | 1385 | 0.62 ± 0.02 | - | 3.94 ± 0.18 |
36 | cis-α-bergamotene | 1416 | tr | tr | - |
37 | β-caryophyllene | 1420 | 0.42 ± 0.01 | 0.34 ± 0.04 | 0.76 ± 0.03 |
38 | β-copaene | 1429 | tr | - | - |
39 | trans-α-bergamotene | 1438 | 0.59 ± 0.04 | 0.55 ± 0.06 | tr |
40 | α-humulene | 1456 | tr | tr | 0.11 ± 0.01 |
41 | trans-β-farnesene | 1460 | 0.16 ± 0.01 | - | - |
42 | 9-epi-trans-caryophyllene | 1467 | - | tr | - |
43 | germacrene D | 1478 | tr | - | - |
44 | γ-curcumene | 1480 | tr | - | - |
45 | valencene | 1492 | 0.13 ± 0.01 | - | tr |
46 | bicyclogermacrene | 1495 | 0.27 ± 0.02 | 0.26 ± 0.01 | 0.45 ± 0.01 |
47 | cis-α-bisabolene | 1504 | tr | tr | - |
48 | β-bisabolene | 1509 | 0.89 ± 0.06 | 0.48 ± 0.11 | 0.13 ± 0.01 |
49 | δ-cadinene | 1524 | tr | - | tr |
50 | trans-α-bisabolene | 1531 | tr | - | - |
51 | trans-nerolidol | 1565 | tr | - | 0.40 ± 0.02 |
52 | germacrene D-4-ol | 1575 | tr | - | tr |
53 | spathulenol | 1576 | - | - | 1.22 ± 0.11 |
54 | caryophyllene oxide | 1581 | - | - | 0.73 ± 0.02 |
55 | β-oplopenone | 1606 | - | - | tr |
56 | epoxy-alloaromadendrene | 1639 | - | - | tr |
57 | epi-α-cadinol | 1640 | - | - | 0.21 ± 0.06 |
58 | α-cadinol | 1654 | - | - | 0.39 ± 0.01 |
59 | valerianol | 1656 | tr | - | - |
60 | β-bisabolol | 1672 | - | - | 0.10 ± 0.14 |
61 | epi-α-bisabolol | 1686 | tr | - | tr |
Monoterpene hydrocarbons | 81.12 ± 0.59 | 98.38 ± 0.00 | 42.01 ± 1.49 | ||
Oxygenated monoterpenes | 16.44 ± 0.44 | tr | 53.50 ± 1.45 | ||
Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons | 2.45 ± 0.15 | 1.62 ± 0.00 | 1.44 ± 0.04 | ||
Oxygenated sesquiterpenes | tr | - | 3.04 ± 0.07 | ||
Non-terpene derivatives | tr | - | tr | ||
Total identified (%) | 100.00 ± 0.00 | 100.00 ± 0.00 | 99.98 ± 0.01 | ||
Extraction yield (% w/w) | 0.3 | n.a. | <0.1% |
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Flamini, G.; Pistelli, L.; Nardoni, S.; Ebani, V.V.; Zinnai, A.; Mancianti, F.; Ascrizzi, R.; Pistelli, L. Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of “Pompia”, a Sardinian Citrus Ecotype. Molecules 2019, 24, 908. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050908
Flamini G, Pistelli L, Nardoni S, Ebani VV, Zinnai A, Mancianti F, Ascrizzi R, Pistelli L. Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of “Pompia”, a Sardinian Citrus Ecotype. Molecules. 2019; 24(5):908. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050908
Chicago/Turabian StyleFlamini, Guido, Laura Pistelli, Simona Nardoni, Valentina Virginia Ebani, Angela Zinnai, Francesca Mancianti, Roberta Ascrizzi, and Luisa Pistelli. 2019. "Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of “Pompia”, a Sardinian Citrus Ecotype" Molecules 24, no. 5: 908. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050908
APA StyleFlamini, G., Pistelli, L., Nardoni, S., Ebani, V. V., Zinnai, A., Mancianti, F., Ascrizzi, R., & Pistelli, L. (2019). Essential Oil Composition and Biological Activity of “Pompia”, a Sardinian Citrus Ecotype. Molecules, 24(5), 908. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24050908