Analysis of Metabolite Accumulation Related to Pod Color Variation of Caragana intermedia
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Multivariate Analysis of Metabolites Related to Pod Color and Growth Stage
2.2. Differential Metabolite Profiling in Red and Green Pods of C. intermedia
2.3. Analysis of Metabolite Accumulation Patterns in Red and Green Pods of C. intermedia
3. Discussion
3.1. Flavonoids Are Highly Correlated with Pod Color
3.2. Differential Insect Feeding Rate in Red and Green Pods of C. intermedia
3.3. Possible Metabolic Regulation Mechanism of Pod Color Variation in C. intermedia
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Materials
4.2. Sample Preparation and Extraction
4.3. High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) Conditions
4.4. ESI-Q TRAP-MS/MS
4.5. Metabolite Identification and Quantification
4.6. Statistical Analysis
4.7. Determination of Total Flavonoids
4.8. Determination of Proanthocyanidin
5. Conclusions
Supplementary Materials
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Not available. |
Index | Component Name | Peak Area of Green Pods | Peak Area of Red Pods | Fold (Red/Green) | VIP 1 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
DJ0219 | Apigenin-7-O-glucoside | 49,167 | 3,540,000 | 72.000 | 2.42218 |
DJ0181 | Quercetin-3-O-rhamnoside | 970,667 | 24,600,000 | 25.343 | 2.03162 |
DJ0394 | Luteolin O-malonylhexoside | 154,000 | 507,000 | 3.292 | 1.31471 |
DJ0373 | Apigenin 7-O-glucoside | 174,333 | 451,333 | 2.589 | 1.24127 |
DJ0434 | SelginO-hexoside derivative | 5987 | 14,143 | 2.362 | 1.02893 |
DJ0408 | Apigenin O-malonylhexoside | 1,373,333 | 2,820,333 | 2.054 | 1.03458 |
DJ0353 | Peonidin O-hexoside | 2,923,333 | 1,323,333 | 0.453 | 1.00394 |
DJ0354 | Chrysoeriol 5-O-hexoside | 2,586,667 | 1,136,667 | 0.439 | 1.04638 |
DJ0159 | Chlorogenic acid | 75,300 | 20,800 | 0.276 | 1.1813 |
Metabolic Pathway | Total Number of Metabolites | Detected Metabolites in Green Pods (10- and 30-Day-Old) (p Value) | Detected Metabolites in Red Pods (10- and 30-Day-Old) (p Value) | Detected Metabolites in 30-Day-OldGreen and Red Pods (p Value) |
---|---|---|---|---|
Aminoacyl-tRNA biosynthesis | 75 | 7 (0.00002) | - | - |
ABC transporters | 90 | 6 (0.0005) | - | 4 (0.006) |
Cyanoamino acid metabolism | 41 | 5 (0.00008) | 4 (0.001) | - |
Cysteine and methionine metabolism | 56 | 5 (0.0004) | 4 (0.004) | - |
Purine metabolism | 92 | 4 (0.02) | 7 (0.00009) | 3 (0.04) |
Tyrosine metabolism | 76 | 4 (0.01) | - | 3 (0.02) |
Sulfur metabolism | 18 | 2 (0.02) | 2 (0.02) | - |
Sphingolipid metabolism | 25 | 2 (0.03) | 2 (0.04) | - |
Phenylalanine, tyrosine and Tryptophan biosynthesis | 27 | 2 (0.04) | 2 (0.04) | - |
Selenoamino acid metabolism | 30 | 2 (0.046) | - | - |
Thiamine metabolism | 26 | - | 2 (0.04) | - |
β-Alanine metabolism | 31 | - | - | 2 (0.03) |
Component Name | Class | Peak Area of 10-Day-Old Red Pods | Peak Area of 30-Day-OldRed Pods | Peak Area of 10-Day-OldGreen Pods | Peak Area of 30-Day-OldGreen Pods | Fold Change 1 (Red/Green) | VIP (Red/Green) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Inosine | Nucleotide derivates | 2.53 × 105 | 1.00 × 102 | -- | -- | 2533.67/-- | 3.17/-- |
iPR | Nucleotide derivates | 2.96 × 106 | 9.33 × 103 | 8.08 × 105 | 3.90 × 104 | 316.79/20.69 | 3.90/3.04 |
tZR | Phytohormones | 8.13 × 106 | 2.18 × 105 | 5.69 × 106 | 2.97 × 105 | 37.31/19.15 | 3.05/2.78 |
iP | Phytohormones | 5.86 × 104 | 6.10 × 103 | 2.78 × 104 | 4.55 × 103 | 9.60/6.12 | 2.42/2.17 |
IAA | Phytohormones | 3.06 × 104 | 3.34 × 103 | 3.16 × 104 | 3.02 × 103 | 9.14/10.45 | 2.38/2.47 |
trans-Zeatin riboside-O-glucoside | Phytohormones | 7.54 × 104 | 9.70 × 103 | 1.14 × 105 | 1.48 × 104 | 7.78/7.72 | 2.32/2.30 |
DZR | Phytohormones | 3.38 × 105 | 5.69 × 104 | -- | -- | 5.94/-- | 2.14/-- |
tZROG | Phytohormones | 1.46 × 105 | 2.64 × 104 | 1.83 × 105 | 2.39 × 104 | 5.53/7.68 | 2.09/2.29 |
Caffeoyl shikimic acid | Polyphenol | 1.94 × 105 | 4.46 × 104 | -- | -- | 4.36/-- | 1.94/-- |
LPC (1-acyl 18:1) | Lipids | 1.24 × 106 | 3.25 × 105 | -- | -- | 3.83/-- | 1.15/-- |
Guanosine | Nucleotide derivates | -- | -- | 8.06 × 106 | 4.74 × 104 | --/169.95 | --/2.04 |
Crotonoside | others | -- | -- | 3.62 × 104 | 5.67 × 102 | --/63.94 | --/2.15 |
Spermidine derivative | Phenolamine | -- | -- | 1.38 × 105 | 2.62 × 104 | --/5.28 | --/1.75 |
Dopamine | others | -- | -- | 1.42 × 104 | 3.24 × 103 | --/4.38 | --/2.09 |
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Yang, F.; Yang, T.; Liu, K.; Yang, Q.; Wan, Y.; Wang, R.; Li, G. Analysis of Metabolite Accumulation Related to Pod Color Variation of Caragana intermedia. Molecules 2019, 24, 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040717
Yang F, Yang T, Liu K, Yang Q, Wan Y, Wang R, Li G. Analysis of Metabolite Accumulation Related to Pod Color Variation of Caragana intermedia. Molecules. 2019; 24(4):717. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040717
Chicago/Turabian StyleYang, Feiyun, Tianrui Yang, Kun Liu, Qi Yang, Yongqing Wan, Ruigang Wang, and Guojing Li. 2019. "Analysis of Metabolite Accumulation Related to Pod Color Variation of Caragana intermedia" Molecules 24, no. 4: 717. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24040717