Vitamin B Complex Treatment Attenuates Local Inflammation after Peripheral Nerve Injury
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Treatment with Vitamin B Complex Alters Macrophage Morphology after PNI
2.2. The Effect of Vitamin B Complex on Expression of Pro-Inflammatory Mediators after PNI
2.3. The Effect of Vitamin B Complex on Expression of Anti-Inflammatory Cytokines after PNI
2.4. Treatment with Vitamin B Complex Reduces Number M1 Macrophages Expressing the CaV1.2 Channel after PNI
2.5. Treatment with Vitamin B Complex Alters Expression of CaV1.2 Channel in M2 Macrophages after PNI
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Experimental Protocol
Surgery
4.2. Treatment Protocol
4.3. Paraffin Tissue Preparation
4.4. Immunofluorescence Staining
4.5. Digital Image Processing
4.6. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Acknowledgments
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Sample Availability: Samples of the compounds are available from the authors. It is commercial product Beviplex (Beviplex®, Galenika a.d. Belgrade, Serbia) and it is written in the Section 4.2. Treatment protocol. |
Antibody | Source | Dilution | Company |
---|---|---|---|
anti-CaV1.2 | rabbit | 1:200 | Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany |
anti-CD68 (ED1) | mouse | 1:100 | Abcam, Cambridge, MA, USA, |
anti-TNF-α | goat | 1:100 | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA |
anti-iNOS | rabbit | 1:100 | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA |
anti-IL-4 | rabbit | 1:100 | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA |
anti-IL-10 | goat | 1:100 | Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA, USA |
anti-Arg-1 | rabbit | 1:200 | Sigma-Aldrich, Munich, Germany |
anti-rabbit anti-IgG Alexa Fluor 488 | donkey | 1:200 | Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA |
anti-mouse anti-IgG Alexa Fluor 555 | donkey | 1:200 | Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA |
anti-goat anti-IgG Alexa Fluor 350 | donkey | 1:200 | Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA |
anti-goat anti-IgG Alexa Fluor 488 | donkey | 1:200 | Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA |
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Ehmedah, A.; Nedeljkovic, P.; Dacic, S.; Repac, J.; Draskovic Pavlovic, B.; Vucevic, D.; Pekovic, S.; Bozic Nedeljkovic, B. Vitamin B Complex Treatment Attenuates Local Inflammation after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Molecules 2019, 24, 4615. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244615
Ehmedah A, Nedeljkovic P, Dacic S, Repac J, Draskovic Pavlovic B, Vucevic D, Pekovic S, Bozic Nedeljkovic B. Vitamin B Complex Treatment Attenuates Local Inflammation after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Molecules. 2019; 24(24):4615. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244615
Chicago/Turabian StyleEhmedah, Adil, Predrag Nedeljkovic, Sanja Dacic, Jelena Repac, Biljana Draskovic Pavlovic, Dragana Vucevic, Sanja Pekovic, and Biljana Bozic Nedeljkovic. 2019. "Vitamin B Complex Treatment Attenuates Local Inflammation after Peripheral Nerve Injury" Molecules 24, no. 24: 4615. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244615
APA StyleEhmedah, A., Nedeljkovic, P., Dacic, S., Repac, J., Draskovic Pavlovic, B., Vucevic, D., Pekovic, S., & Bozic Nedeljkovic, B. (2019). Vitamin B Complex Treatment Attenuates Local Inflammation after Peripheral Nerve Injury. Molecules, 24(24), 4615. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24244615