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Article

Changes in Content of Polyphenols and Ascorbic Acid in Leaves of White Cabbage after Pest Infestation

by
Zuzana Kovalikova
1,*,
Jan Kubes
2,
Milan Skalicky
2,*,
Nikola Kuchtickova
1,
Lucie Maskova
1,
Jiri Tuma
1,
Pavla Vachova
2 and
Vaclav Hejnak
2
1
Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Hradec Kralove, Rokitanskeho 62, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
2
Department of Botany and Plant Physiology, Faculty of Agrobiology, Food and Natural Resources, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, 165 00 Prague, Czech Republic
*
Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Molecules 2019, 24(14), 2622; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142622
Submission received: 1 June 2019 / Revised: 11 July 2019 / Accepted: 17 July 2019 / Published: 18 July 2019
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polyphenols in Crops, Medicinal and Wild Edible Plants: From Their Metabolism to Their Benefits for Human Health)
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Abstract

Crops, such as white cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata (L.) f. alba), are often infested by herbivorous insects that consume the leaves directly or lay eggs with subsequent injury by caterpillars. The plants can produce various defensive metabolites or free radicals that repel the insects to avert further damage. To study the production and effects of these compounds, large white cabbage butterflies, Pieris brassicae and flea beetles, Phyllotreta nemorum, were captured in a cabbage field and applied to plants cultivated in the lab. After insect infestation, leaves were collected and UV/Vis spectrophotometry and HPLC used to determine the content of stress molecules (superoxide), primary metabolites (amino acids), and secondary metabolites (phenolic acids and flavonoids). The highest level of superoxide was measured in plants exposed to fifty flea beetles. These plants also manifested a higher content of phenylalanine, a substrate for the synthesis of phenolic compounds, and in activation of total phenolics and flavonoid production. The levels of specific phenolic acids and flavonoids had higher variability when the dominant increase was in the flavonoid, quercetin. The leaves after flea beetle attack also showed an increase in ascorbic acid which is an important nutrient of cabbage.
Keywords: Brassica oleracea; Pieris brassicae; Phyllotreta sp., phenolics; ascorbic acid Brassica oleracea; Pieris brassicae; Phyllotreta sp., phenolics; ascorbic acid

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MDPI and ACS Style

Kovalikova, Z.; Kubes, J.; Skalicky, M.; Kuchtickova, N.; Maskova, L.; Tuma, J.; Vachova, P.; Hejnak, V. Changes in Content of Polyphenols and Ascorbic Acid in Leaves of White Cabbage after Pest Infestation. Molecules 2019, 24, 2622. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142622

AMA Style

Kovalikova Z, Kubes J, Skalicky M, Kuchtickova N, Maskova L, Tuma J, Vachova P, Hejnak V. Changes in Content of Polyphenols and Ascorbic Acid in Leaves of White Cabbage after Pest Infestation. Molecules. 2019; 24(14):2622. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142622

Chicago/Turabian Style

Kovalikova, Zuzana, Jan Kubes, Milan Skalicky, Nikola Kuchtickova, Lucie Maskova, Jiri Tuma, Pavla Vachova, and Vaclav Hejnak. 2019. "Changes in Content of Polyphenols and Ascorbic Acid in Leaves of White Cabbage after Pest Infestation" Molecules 24, no. 14: 2622. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142622

APA Style

Kovalikova, Z., Kubes, J., Skalicky, M., Kuchtickova, N., Maskova, L., Tuma, J., Vachova, P., & Hejnak, V. (2019). Changes in Content of Polyphenols and Ascorbic Acid in Leaves of White Cabbage after Pest Infestation. Molecules, 24(14), 2622. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142622

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