Analysis of Chemical Composition of Extractives by Acetone and the Chromatic Aberration of Teak (Tectona Grandis L.F.) from China
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Materials and Methods
2.1. Materials
2.2. Determination of Chemical Composition
2.3. Total Phenol Content
2.4. GC-MS Analysis
3. Results and Discussion
3.1. Components Analysis in Sapwood and Heartwood of Teak
3.2. GC–MS Analysis of Acetone Extractives
3.3. Discussion in the Chromatic Aberration Between Heartwood and Sapwood
4. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Funding
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Experiment Reagent | Manufacturers |
---|---|
Distilled water | Guangzhou Watson’s Food and Beverage Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China |
Sodium hydroxide (analytical grade) | Beijing Chemical Plant, Beijing, China |
Sulfuric acid (analytical grade) | Beijing Chemical Plant, Beijing, China |
Benzene | Tianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagent Factory, Tianjin, China |
Methanol (HPLC(high-performance liquid chromatography) grade) | Mreda Technology Inc, California, USA |
Acetone (HPLC grade) | Duksan Pure Chemicals Co. Ltd., Ansansi Gyunggido, Korea |
Moisture (%) | Acid-Insoluble Lignin (%) | Holocellulose (%) | α-Cellulose (%) | pH Value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heartwood | 3.90 | 26.76 | 58.27 | 34.97 | 5.79 |
Sapwood | 4.25 | 27.73 | 62.23 | 35.53 | 5.84 |
Hot Water (%) | Cold Water (%) | 1% NaOH (%) | Alcohol-benzene (%) | Acetone (%) | Total Phenol (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Hot Water | Cold Water | ||||||
Heartwood | 10.22 | 6.40 | 22.34 | 14.54 | 10.13 | 1.35 | 0.71 |
Sapwood | 9.36 | 6.07 | 24.06 | 4.67 | 2.37 | 0.93 | 0.33 |
NO. | Categories | Retention Time (min) | Retention Index | Component | GC Content (μg/g) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Heartwood | Sapwood | |||||
1 | Alkane | 5.61 | 570 | 2-methyl-pentane | 45.01 | 13.89 |
2 | 5.79 | 584 | 3-methyl-pentane | 56.94 | 17.89 | |
3 | 6 | 601 | N-hexane | 207.26 | 73.03 | |
4 | 6.44 | 630 | Methyl-cyclopentane | 88.56 | 27.99 | |
5 | 7.02 | 664 | Cyclohexane | 65.32 | 19.78 | |
6 | 7.61 | 691 | Isooctane | 589.54 | 129.64 | |
7 | 8.65 | 736 | 2,2,3-trimethylpentane | 7.54 | / | |
8 | 9.06 | 630 | 2,3,4-trimethylpentane | 11.72 | 4.00 | |
9 | 28.38 | 1360 | 5,8-diethyldodecane | 4.82 | / | |
10 | 28.53 | 1387 | 9-n-hexylheptadecane | 5.02 | / | |
11 | Olefin | 8.99 | 750 | 2,3-dimethyl-1-hexene | 5.65 | 4.21 |
12 | 41.85 | 2835 | All-trans-squalene | 569.65 | 36.83 | |
13 | Benzene series | 28.16 | 1323 | 1,3,5-triisopropyl-benzene | 4.61 | / |
14 | Alcohol | 33.41 | 2970 | Estriol | 23.66 | 118.49 |
15 | Ketones | 10.77 | 811 | Acetonyldimethylcarbinol | 163.09 | 182.46 |
16 | 29.7 | 1927 | 6-(1-Hydroxymethylvinyl)-4,8a-dimethyl-3,5,6,7,8,8a-hexahydro-1H-naohthalen-2-one | 13.40 | 2.53 | |
17 | 30.19 | 1941 | 2-Acetyl-3-methyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihudro-5H-indazol-5-one | 145.50 | / | |
18 | 31.07 | 1966 | 2,3-Dimethyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-9,10-anthracenedione | 1228.70 | 30.31 | |
19 | 31.25 | 1971 | Tetracyclo [10.2.1.0(2,11).0(4,9)] petadeca-2(11),6,13-triene-5,8-dione | 107.40 | / | |
20 | 31.85 | 1988 | 2-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-1H-indene-1,3(2H)-dione | 320.73 | 4.42 | |
21 | 32.14 | 1966 | 2-Acetyl-3-methyl-3-phenyl-2,3-dihydro-5H-indazol-5-one | 58.41 | / | |
22 | 36.46 | 3387 | 2-(2-Nitro-1-phenyl-2-propenyl)cyclohexanone | 266.51 | / | |
23 | Aldehyde | 22.17 | 1285 | 1,3-benzodioxole-5-carboxaldehyde (Piperonal) | 20.94 | / |
24 | 26.49 | 1640 | (2E)-3-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-2-propenal | 47.10 | / | |
25 | 32.62 | 2679 | 9,10-dioxo-9,10-dihydro-1-anthracenecarbaldehyde | 170.20 | 4.21 | |
26 | 33.15 | 2846 | 1-methyl-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydro-1-phenanthrenecarbaldehyde | 62.81 | / | |
27 | Acid | 7.2 | 702 | Propanoic acid | 9.63 | / |
28 | 29.17 | 1912 | 1,4-Dihydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-2-naphthoic acid | 23.66 | 7.16 | |
29 | Ester | 8.33 | 726 | Methyl isocyanate | 11.72 | / |
30 | 12.7 | 878 | Acrylic acid butyl ester | 3.35 | / | |
31 | 28.77 | 1901 | Butyl(2-chlorocyclohexyl) methyl phthalate | 4.82 | 2.95 | |
32 | acid anhydride | 21.61 | 1322 | 1,3-isobenzofurandione (Phthalic anhydride) | 3.35 | / |
33 | Phenol | 27.31 | 1675 | 4-((1E)-3-hydroxy-1-propenyl)-2-methoxyphenol | 7.33 | / |
34 | 29.53 | 1922 | 4-tert-butyl-2-phenyl-phenol | 2675.75 | 23.99 | |
35 | 30.62 | 1953 | 4-tert-butyl-2-phenyl-phenol (isomer) | 2230.46 | 21.68 | |
36 | Quinone | 23.31 | 1427 | 1,4-naphthoquinone | 20.73 | / |
37 | 24.84 | 1469 | Menadione | 15.28 | / | |
38 | 30.05 | 1937 | Anthraquinone | 101.54 | 2.10 | |
39 | 30.48 | 1949 | 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1,4-Naphthoquinone (Lapachol) | 227.36 | 31.36 | |
40 | 31.39 | 1975 | 2-methyl-anthraquinone | 3019.30 | 516.46 | |
41 | 32.53 | 2855 | 1-Hydroxy-4-methylanthra-9,10-quinone | 94.21 | 14.73 | |
42 | 34.73 | 3064 | 2-(Hydroxymethyl)anthraquinone | 419.96 | 13.05 | |
43 | Heterocycle | 26.09 | 1603 | 3,4-methylenedioxybenzhydrazide | 3.56 | / |
44 | 26.27 | 1612 | Dibenzo-p-dioxin | 4.61 | / | |
45 | 28.3 | 1844 | 5-methoxy-7-phenyl-bicyclo [3.2.0] hept-2-en-6-one, (Z, exo+ endo) | 14.86 | / | |
46 | 28.61 | 1876 | 1,2-benzisothiazol-3-amine tbdms | 6.70 | / | |
47 | 28.92 | 1905 | 2-Hydroxydibenzofuran | 26.59 | 4.00 | |
48 | 30.28 | 1944 | 4a-methyl-1-methylene-1,2,3,4,4a,9,10,10a-octahydrophenanthrene | 50.87 | 45.25 | |
49 | 35.79 | 3241 | Lochnerine | 26.80 | / |
Heartwood (μg/g) | Sapwood (μg/g) | |
---|---|---|
Alkane | 1081.73 | 286.22 |
Olefin | 575.30 | 41.04 |
Benzene series | 4.61 | 0.00 |
Alcohol | 23.66 | 118.49 |
Ketones | 2303.73 | 301.79 |
Aldehyde | 301.05 | 4.21 |
Acid | 33.29 | 7.16 |
Ester | 19.89 | 2.95 |
Acid anhydride | 3.35 | 0.00 |
Phenol | 4913.54 | 45.67 |
Quinone | 3898.38 | 577.70 |
Heterocycle | 133.99 | 49.25 |
Structures | Heartwood ug/g | Sapwood ug/g | |
---|---|---|---|
4-tert-butyl-2-phenyl-phenol | 4906.21 | 45.67 | |
2-methyl-Anthraquinone | 3019.30 | 516.46 | |
2,3-Dimethyl-1,4,4a,9a-tetrahydro-9,10-anthracenedione# | 1228.70 | 30.31 |
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Qiu, H.; Liu, R.; Long, L. Analysis of Chemical Composition of Extractives by Acetone and the Chromatic Aberration of Teak (Tectona Grandis L.F.) from China. Molecules 2019, 24, 1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101989
Qiu H, Liu R, Long L. Analysis of Chemical Composition of Extractives by Acetone and the Chromatic Aberration of Teak (Tectona Grandis L.F.) from China. Molecules. 2019; 24(10):1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101989
Chicago/Turabian StyleQiu, Hongyun, Ru Liu, and Ling Long. 2019. "Analysis of Chemical Composition of Extractives by Acetone and the Chromatic Aberration of Teak (Tectona Grandis L.F.) from China" Molecules 24, no. 10: 1989. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules24101989