Antimicrobial Activity and Modulatory Effect of Essential Oil from the Leaf of Rhaphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart) Schauer on Some Antimicrobial Drugs
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Results
2.1. Chemical Characterization of Essential Oil of R. echinus
2.2. Assessment of Minimum Inhibitory Concentration of Essential Oil of R. echinus
2.3. Modulatory Effect of Essential Oil of R. echinus on Some Antifungal Drugs
2.4. Modulatory Effect of Essential Oil of R. echinus on Some Antibacterial Drugs
2.5. Fe2+ Chelation or Oxidation Potential of Essential Oil from R. echinus
3. Discussion
4. Materials and Methods
4.1. Plant Material
4.2. Preparation of Essential Oil from Raphiodon echinus (Nees e Mart) Shauer Leaf
4.3. Analysis of Chemical Composition of the Essential Oil of Rhaphiodon echinus by Gas Chromatography Coupled with Mass Spectrometry (GC-MC)
4.4. Drugs
4.5. Strains of Bacteria and Growth Media
4.6. Strains of Fungi
4.7. Matrix Solution Preparation
4.8. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration
4.9. Modulatory Effect of Essential Oil from R. echinus on Antimicrobial Drugs
4.10. Iron Chelating Property of Essential Oil from R. echinus
4.11. Statistical Analysis
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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Compounds | RI a | RI b | Essential Oil (%) |
---|---|---|---|
α-Pinene | 940 | 939 | 0.85 |
α-Camphene | 951 | 953 | 4.09 |
β-Pinene | 985 | 980 | 0.05 |
α-Phellandrene | 1007 | 1005 | 2.11 |
α-Terpinene | 1019 | 1019 | 0.28 |
p-Cymene | 1032 | 1029 | 3.02 |
1,8-Cineole | 1031 | 1033 | 1.19 |
γ-Terpinene | 1060 | 1061 | 0.18 |
Methyl benzoate | 1091 | 1091 | 0.92 |
α-Terpineol | 1185 | 1189 | 3.76 |
Isoborneol | 1156 | 1156 | 1.49 |
Geraniol | 1258 | 1255 | 0.36 |
Thymol | 1291 | 1290 | 3.21 |
γ-Elemene | 1342 | 1339 | 2.87 |
Geranyl acetate | 1387 | 1383 | 1.43 |
Dodecanal | 1411 | 1407 | 0.65 |
β-Caryophyllene | 1419 | 1418 | 23.07 |
Geranyl propionate | 1476 | 1475 | 0.24 |
Germacrene D | 1481 | 1480 | 3.16 |
Bicyclogermacrene | 1495 | 1494 | 28.13 |
Germacrene A | 1500 | 1503 | 1.76 |
β-Curcumene | 1513 | 1512 | 0.08 |
Spathulenol | 1577 | 1576 | 5.12 |
Caryophyllene oxide | 1581 | 1579 | 5.40 |
Globulol | 1584 | 1583 | 1.39 |
α-Cadinol | 1653 | 1653 | 0.82 |
Caryophyllene acetate | 1702 | 1700 | 3.61 |
Total identified (%) | 99.24 |
Bacteria | Source | Resistance Profile |
---|---|---|
Escherichia coli 27 | Surgical Wound | Ast, Ami, Amox, Ca, Cfc, Cf, Caz, Cip, Clo, Im, Can, Szt, Tet, Tob |
Staphylococcus aureus 358 | Surgical Wound | Oxa, Gen, Tob, Ami, Can, Neo, Para, But, Sis, Net |
Pseudomonas aeruginosa 03 | Catheter tip | Cpm, Ctz, Im, Cip, Ptz, Lev, Mer, Ami |
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Duarte, A.E.; De Menezes, I.R.A.; Bezerra Morais Braga, M.F.; Leite, N.F.; Barros, L.M.; Waczuk, E.P.; Pessoa da Silva, M.A.; Boligon, A.; Teixeira Rocha, J.B.; Souza, D.O.; et al. Antimicrobial Activity and Modulatory Effect of Essential Oil from the Leaf of Rhaphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart) Schauer on Some Antimicrobial Drugs. Molecules 2016, 21, 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21060743
Duarte AE, De Menezes IRA, Bezerra Morais Braga MF, Leite NF, Barros LM, Waczuk EP, Pessoa da Silva MA, Boligon A, Teixeira Rocha JB, Souza DO, et al. Antimicrobial Activity and Modulatory Effect of Essential Oil from the Leaf of Rhaphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart) Schauer on Some Antimicrobial Drugs. Molecules. 2016; 21(6):743. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21060743
Chicago/Turabian StyleDuarte, Antonia Eliene, Irwin Rose Alencar De Menezes, Maria Flaviana Bezerra Morais Braga, Nadghia Figueiredo Leite, Luiz Marivando Barros, Emily Pansera Waczuk, Maria Arlene Pessoa da Silva, Aline Boligon, João Batista Teixeira Rocha, Diogo Onofre Souza, and et al. 2016. "Antimicrobial Activity and Modulatory Effect of Essential Oil from the Leaf of Rhaphiodon echinus (Nees & Mart) Schauer on Some Antimicrobial Drugs" Molecules 21, no. 6: 743. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules21060743