The role of Micro-RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Molecular Biology to Treatment
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. miRNAs Biogenesis
3. miRNAs and HCC
miRNAs | Molecularalteration | Targets | Characteristics | |
---|---|---|---|---|
miR-10a | Upregulated | EphA4, CADM1 | EMT, metastasis | |
miR-17-5p | Upregulated | p38 pathway | Multiple tumor nodules, vein invasion, shortened overall survival | |
miR-18a | Upregulated | ER1a | Poor prognosis, poor differentiation, proliferation | |
miR-18b | Upregulated | TIMP3 | Cell growth; tumorigenesis; metastasis | |
miR-21 | Upregulated | C/EBPb, RhoB, PDCD4, PTEN | Drugresistance, metastasis | |
miR-23a | Upregulated | PGC-1a,G6PC | Gluconeogenesis | |
miR-130a | Upregulated | RUNX3 | Drugresistance | |
miR-135a | Upregulated | FOXM1, MTSS1 | Metastasis | |
miR-143 | Upregulated | FNDC3B | Metastasis | |
miR-155 | Upregulated | SOCS1, DKK1, APC, PTEN | High recurrence and poor prognosis following OLT, proliferation, tumorigenesis | |
miR-210 | Upregulated | VMP1, AIFM3 | Metastasis; apoptosis; proliferation | |
miR-216a | Upregulated | TSLC1 | Tumorigenesis | |
miR-221 | Upregulated | CDK inhibitors, p27, p57, Arnt, Bmf | Multinodularity, reduced time to recurrence, gain of metastatic properties, angiogenesis, apoptosis, proliferation, high tumor capsular infiltration | |
miR-224 | Upregulated | NF-kB pathways, Atg5, Smad4, autophagy, API-5 | Proliferation, apoptosis, metastasis | |
miR-301a | Upregulated | Gax | Metastasis | |
miR-373 | Upregulated | PPP6C | Cell cycle | |
miR-490-3p | Upregulated | ERCIC3 | EMT | |
miR-519d | Upregulated | CDKN1A/p21; PTEN; AKT3; TIMP2 | Proliferation, invasion, apoptosis | |
miR-550a | Upregulated | CPEB4 | Metastasis | |
miR-590-5p | Upregulated | TGF-beta RII | Metastasis, proliferation | |
miR-615-5p | Upregulated | IGF-II | Cell growth, migration | |
miR-657 | Upregulated | TLE1, NF-jB | Proliferation | |
let-7 a,b,c,d,f,g | Downregulated | STAT3 | Apoptosis, proliferation, earlyrecurrence | |
miR-1 | Downregulated | ET1 | Proliferation | |
miR-7a | Downregulated | PIK3CD, Caspase-3, HMGA2, C-myc, Bcl-xl | Proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, metastasis | |
miR-26a/b | Downregulated | IL-6, CyclinD2, E2 | Poorsurvival | |
miR-34a | Downregulated | CCL22, c-met | Metastasis | |
miR-101 | Downregulated | EZH2, EED, SOX-9, DNMT3A, Mcl1, Fos | Advanced tumor progression, poor prognosis, apoptosis; DNA methylation | |
miR-122 | Downregulated | c-Myc, Bcl-w, ADAM-1, Wnt-1, MTTP, IL-6, TNF, IGF-1R, Cyclin G1 | Gain of metastatic properties, early recurrence, angiogenesis, apoptosis | |
miR-124 | Downregulated | ROCK2, EZH2, PIK3CA, CDK6, VIM, SMYD3, IQGAP1 | Proliferation | |
miR-125a/125b | Downregulated | MMP11, SIRT7, VEGF-A, LIN28B2, Bcl-2, Mcl-1, Bcl-w | Angiogenesis, apoptosis, metastasis, proliferation[ | |
miR-138 | Downregulated | CCND3 | Cell cycle | |
miR-139 | Downregulated | ROCK2, c-fos | Metastasis | |
miR-145 | Downregulated | IRS1, IRS2, IGF-1R, b-catenin, OCT4 | Insulin-like growth factor pathway, stem-like cells tumorigenicity | |
miR-195 | Downregulated | NF-jB pathway, VEGF, VAV2, CDC42, Cyclin D1, CDK6, E2F3 | Proliferation, apoptosis, tumorigenicity | |
miR-199a/b-3p | Downregulated | PAK4, c-Met, mTOR, DDR1, caveolin-2 | Reduced time to recurrence, poor overall survival and progression-free survival rates, proliferation, autophagy, metastasis | |
miR-200a | Downregulated | HDAC4 | Proliferation, metastasis; | |
miR-203 | Downregulated | ABCE1 | Proliferation | |
miR-214 | Downregulated | HDGF, catenin | Proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis | |
miR-219-5p | Downregulated | GPC3 | Proliferation | |
miR-223 | Downregulated | STMN1 | Predictor of overall survival and recurrence-free survival after LT | |
miR-375 | Downregulated | ATG7, AEG-1 | Autophagy | |
miR-376a | Downregulated | PIK3R1 | Apoptosis, proliferation | |
miR-449 | Downregulated | c-MET | Apoptosis, proliferation | |
miR-450a | Downregulated | DNMT3a | Proliferation | |
miR-520e | Downregulated | MEKK2; cyclin D1 | Cell growth, proliferation |
4. miRNAs in HCC Diagnosis
5. miRNAs in HCC Prognosis
6. miRNAs in HCC Treatment
7. Conclusions
Author Contributions
Conflicts of Interest
References
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D'Anzeo, M.; Faloppi, L.; Scartozzi, M.; Giampieri, R.; Bianconi, M.; Del Prete, M.; Silvestris, N.; Cascinu, S. The role of Micro-RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Molecular Biology to Treatment. Molecules 2014, 19, 6393-6406. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056393
D'Anzeo M, Faloppi L, Scartozzi M, Giampieri R, Bianconi M, Del Prete M, Silvestris N, Cascinu S. The role of Micro-RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Molecular Biology to Treatment. Molecules. 2014; 19(5):6393-6406. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056393
Chicago/Turabian StyleD'Anzeo, Marco, Luca Faloppi, Mario Scartozzi, Riccardo Giampieri, Maristella Bianconi, Michela Del Prete, Nicola Silvestris, and Stefano Cascinu. 2014. "The role of Micro-RNAs in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: From Molecular Biology to Treatment" Molecules 19, no. 5: 6393-6406. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules19056393