The Potential of a Thick Present through Undefined Causality and Non-Locality
Abstract
:1. Introduction
2. Existence in a Thick Present
2.1. Understandings on the Nature of Time
2.2. Identifying a Quantum of Evolution
2.3. Conclusion on Presentism and Open Challenges
3. Undefined Orders in Imaginary Times
3.1. Causality and Logical Consistency
3.2. Imaginary Closed Paths
4. CTC, Entanglement, and Non-Locality
4.1. The Potential Hidden in a Choice
4.2. Chasing Non-Local Information
5. Towards a Holographic Perspective
6. Synthesis and Outlook
Funding
Institutional Review Board Statement
Informed Consent Statement
Data Availability Statement
Conflicts of Interest
Abbreviations
C-NOT | Controlled-NOT quantum gate. It operates on a quantum register consisting of 2 qubits C and S (Controller C and Target S) and flips the qubit S if and only if . Used to create entangled pairs (EPR particles) |
CTC | Closed Time-like Curves. Closed paths in spacetime. No events occur on their path, and time has no causal or thermodynamic orientation along them. They represent an information potential in the superposition of the outcomes of an open choice (e.g., direction of travel along the curve). When developing between −T and +T in the thick present, they cross the imaginary time axis in distant quanta of space that result connected (non-locality, entanglement in space). When developing in the imaginary space foliation they represent indefinite orders of traversed quanta of space (undefined causality, entanglement in time). They are considered in the paper as “memory loops”. |
EPR | Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen. Reference to the 1935 famous contribution on the incompleteness of QM. Intended in the paper as the EPR paradox, a synonym of entanglement and entangled particles (EPR pairs) |
ER | Einstein–Rosen bridge. Quantum wormhole connecting far regions of spacetime. Intended in the paper as entanglement between distant quanta in the imaginary space foliation (non-local information potential) |
GR | General Relativity (theory of) |
ICT | Information and Communication Technologies |
ict | Imaginary coherent time. Described as the imaginary time of motion (it) at the speed of light (c) between distant quanta of space. It is proposed in the paper as an imaginary axis of spatial distance and, in the absence of additional information potential, it defines a flat space foliation emerging in the present |
OPT | Operational Probabilistic Theories. Description of QM from first principles based on Information Theory |
PI | Path Integral formulation of QM |
QG | Quantum Gravity |
QIS | Quantum Information Science |
QM | Quantum Mechanics |
Tk | Quantum potential existing in the thick present (at the current evolution cycle, after 2kT instants from the origin of the universe). Time symmetric description from (2k – 1)T and (2k + 1)T of the entanglement in space (non-local potential in the imaginary space foliation emerging at 2kT along ict) and of the entanglement in time (undefined causality and indefinite time orders) |
TSVF | Two State Vector Formalism. Time-symmetric description of QM |
UCO | Undefined Causal Orders. Entanglement in time (order) |
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Capurso, A. The Potential of a Thick Present through Undefined Causality and Non-Locality. Entropy 2022, 24, 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030410
Capurso A. The Potential of a Thick Present through Undefined Causality and Non-Locality. Entropy. 2022; 24(3):410. https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030410
Chicago/Turabian StyleCapurso, Alessandro. 2022. "The Potential of a Thick Present through Undefined Causality and Non-Locality" Entropy 24, no. 3: 410. https://doi.org/10.3390/e24030410