Topic Editors

Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, University of Maryland Global Campus, Largo, MD 20774, USA
Prof. Dr. Mojgan Azadi
Montgomery College, Montgomery County, Rockville, MD 20850, USA
Dr. Liliya Roberts
School of Business, University of Maryland Global Campus, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA

Bridging Socio-Economic Inequalities in Health: Addressing Access Gaps in Low-Income and Vulnerable Populations

Abstract submission deadline
31 May 2027
Manuscript submission deadline
31 July 2027
Viewed by
2999

Topic Information

Dear Colleagues,

Despite well-documented links between economic inequality and poor health, evidence shows that the full extent of disparities among low-income and vulnerable populations—particularly in rural and underserved areas—is often underestimated, especially in terms of access to timely clinical care and preventive services. Urgent attention from policymakers is required to address these inequities and prevent avoidable morbidity and mortality. Identifying structural drivers of inequality and expanding targeted resources such as community health programs, digital health access, and subsidy initiatives can reduce the risk of inadequate treatment, delayed care, or death.

Programs tailored to those in greatest need—especially the elderly in both urban and rural settings—combined with equitable redistribution of subsidies from affluent to low-income groups, can yield greater health improvements than comparable investments in already advantaged populations.

This principle applies across all aspects of health outcomes, whether at the community level, in public health, or in clinical care and long-term nursing support.

This Special Collection is organized around six interconnected themes that together illustrate the complex pathways through which socio-economic inequalities shape health outcomes. We highlight not only barriers to care and the direct impacts of inequality, but also policy- and system-level interventions, cross-cutting social dimensions, and emerging solutions. By integrating innovation in digital health with strategies to address education and workforce skill gaps, this Collection aims to inform both scholarly debate and practical action to advance health equity in diverse and vulnerable populations.

  1. Access to Care
  • Access to clinical care in rural areas: challenges faced by low-income, Medicare, and Medicaid patients.
  • Barriers to healthcare access for vulnerable populations, including indigent and underserved groups.
  • The role of community health workers in improving access to care in low-resource areas.
  • Understanding the influence of geographic and economic factors on preventive health service utilization.
  1. Inequality Impacts
  • The impact of socio-economic inequality on health outcomes in rural and urban populations.
  • Income inequality and its relationship with public health: comparative studies of urban and rural communities.
  • Health disparities among Medicaid patients in socio-economically diverse communities.
  • Exploring the long-term health impacts of income inequality on vulnerable populations.
  1. Policy and Interventions
  • Assessing the effectiveness of policy interventions in reducing health inequalities in rural areas.
  • Strategies for equitable redistribution of subsidies and resources from affluent to low-income groups.
  1. Cross-Cutting Dimensions
  • Examining the intersection of rurality and socio-economic disparities on health outcomes.
  • Socio-economic inequality and the justice system.
  • Socio-economic inequality and men’s/women’s health.
  1. Innovation and Emerging Solutions (new)
  • Leveraging telehealth and digital health platforms to expand access to rural and underserved communities.
  • Using data analytics and artificial intelligence to identify and address hidden disparities in care delivery.
  • Exploring the role of mobile health technologies and digital literacy in improving patient engagement.
  1. Education, Workforce, and Skill Gaps (new)
  • Addressing healthcare workforce shortages in rural and high-inequality areas.
  • Training and upskilling community connection experts, health workers, nurses, and primary care providers to reduce disparities.
  1. Practical Advocacy (new)
  • Developing community-driven advocacy models to elevate the voices of low-income and vulnerable populations.
  • Training patients, families, and caregivers to engage in health policy discussions and decision-making.
  • Building partnerships between advocacy groups, healthcare organizations, and policymakers to advance equitable health reforms.
  • Creating practical toolkits and frameworks that enable frontline providers to advocate for patients in real time.
  • Integrating advocacy training into health profession education to ensure long-term system change.

Dr. Hossein Zare
Prof. Dr. Mojgan Azadi
Dr. Liliya Roberts
Topic Editors

Keywords

  • inequality, low resource, income inequality, rural, Medicaid, social justice
  • health equity
  • socio-economic inequality
  • healthcare access
  • rural health
  • vulnerable populations
  • medicaid and Medicare
  • public health disparities
  • digital health
  • workforce development

Participating Journals

Journal Name Impact Factor CiteScore Launched Year First Decision (median) APC
Economies
economies
2.1 4.7 2013 23.1 Days CHF 1800 Submit
Healthcare
healthcare
2.7 4.7 2013 22.4 Days CHF 2700 Submit
Social Sciences
socsci
1.7 3.1 2012 33.1 Days CHF 1800 Submit
Societies
societies
1.6 3.0 2011 29.9 Days CHF 1600 Submit

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Published Papers (4 papers)

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35 pages, 1617 KB  
Article
Synergistic and Threshold Role of Institutional Quality in the Sensitivity of Citizens’ Happiness to Natural Resource Rents in Resource-Rich African Countries
by Clement Olalekan Olaniyi
Economies 2026, 14(5), 170; https://doi.org/10.3390/economies14050170 - 10 May 2026
Viewed by 296
Abstract
This study examines how institutional quality (INST) affects the contribution of natural resource endowments (NREs) to citizens’ happiness and life satisfaction. It also identifies the INST threshold above which NREs enhance citizens’ life satisfaction and happiness. Consistent with challenges of low happiness levels, [...] Read more.
This study examines how institutional quality (INST) affects the contribution of natural resource endowments (NREs) to citizens’ happiness and life satisfaction. It also identifies the INST threshold above which NREs enhance citizens’ life satisfaction and happiness. Consistent with challenges of low happiness levels, weak institutions, and the pervasive resource curse in Africa’s resource-rich economies, we analyse a dataset of these economies from 2012 to 2022. This study employs a robust standard-error Driscoll–Kraay nonparametric covariance matrix, dynamic common correlated effects, fully modified least squares, the method-of-moments quantile regression, and a dynamic panel threshold estimator. The findings suggest that natural resource endowment is a curse that lowers life satisfaction. Meanwhile, threshold analysis indicates that most resource-rich African countries fall short of the institutional development required to transform this curse into a blessing by encouraging the efficient allocation of resource earnings to initiatives that increase people’s happiness. Most of Africa’s resource-rich economies operate below this threshold. This study concludes that in Africa’s resource-rich countries, institutions are vital to incentivise the effective distribution of the proceeds from these resources to initiatives that enhance citizens’ happiness. Full article
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13 pages, 310 KB  
Article
Access to Basic Services and Health-Related Social Participation Among People with Disabilities: Evidence from a Provincial Census in China
by Cal Wu, Tingyu Li, Yixuan Wang and Zequan Pan
Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(5), 294; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15050294 - 2 May 2026
Viewed by 339
Abstract
Objective: This study examines whether access to basic services is associated with health-related social participation among people with disabilities, with a particular focus on participation in cultural and sports activities. Methods: Using data from the 2022 census of people with disabilities in X [...] Read more.
Objective: This study examines whether access to basic services is associated with health-related social participation among people with disabilities, with a particular focus on participation in cultural and sports activities. Methods: Using data from the 2022 census of people with disabilities in X Province, China, we estimated Probit models to assess the association between access to three types of basic services—rehabilitation, social welfare, and social assistance—and participation in cultural and sports activities. Results: Greater access to basic services was associated with a significantly higher likelihood of participation in cultural and sports activities. Among the three service categories, rehabilitation services showed the strongest positive association. The positive association was stronger among individuals with lower disability severity. Conclusions: Access to disability-related basic services, especially rehabilitation services, may promote health-related social participation and social integration among people with disabilities. These findings highlight the importance of service access and rehabilitation support for disability healthcare, community inclusion, and quality of life. Full article
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15 pages, 328 KB  
Article
Socioeconomic Status and Self-Rated Health in Older Adults with Disabilities: A Mediation Analysis of Reserve Capacity Using the Korea Welfare Panel Study
by Sanghyun Park and Joonhee Ahn
Soc. Sci. 2026, 15(2), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci15020144 - 23 Feb 2026
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 474
Abstract
Older adults with disabilities face compounded vulnerabilities due to both functional limitations and socioeconomic disadvantage. In South Korea, where public welfare systems remain fragmented and cultural values emphasize independence and productivity, understanding the mechanisms linking socioeconomic status (SES) to health outcomes is critical. [...] Read more.
Older adults with disabilities face compounded vulnerabilities due to both functional limitations and socioeconomic disadvantage. In South Korea, where public welfare systems remain fragmented and cultural values emphasize independence and productivity, understanding the mechanisms linking socioeconomic status (SES) to health outcomes is critical. This study investigates whether reserve capacity mediates the relationship between SES and self-rated health (SRH) in older adults with disabilities. Data were drawn from the supplementary survey on people with disabilities in the 18th wave (2023) of the Korea Welfare Panel Study (KWePS). The analytic sample included older adults aged 65 and above with registered disabilities. A multiple mediation analysis was conducted using Model 4 of the PROCESS macro in SPSS to examine whether three dimensions of reserve capacity—intrapsychic resources (self-esteem), interpersonal resources (social support satisfaction), and tangible resources (use of public disability services)—mediated the relationship between SES and SRH. Demographic and health-related covariates were statistically controlled. The results are as follows: The direct effect of SES on SRH was not significant; however, significant indirect effects were found through all three mediators. Higher SES was positively associated with intrapsychic and interpersonal resources and negatively associated with tangible resource use. Among the mediators, interpersonal resources had the strongest positive effect on SRH, while tangible resources showed a negative association—possibly due to compensatory activation or increased disease awareness among service users. The findings highlight the importance of psychosocial and relational resources in shaping perceived health among disabled older adults in Korea. Policy interventions should move beyond material assistance and focus on strengthening social networks and psychological resilience to reduce health disparities in this population. Full article
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26 pages, 1468 KB  
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The Anabranch Framework for the Ruralization of Health Professional Education
by Debra Jones, Annemarie Hennessy, Mariah Goldsworthy, Xiang-Yu Hou, Sandra Thompson, Hannah Dean, Kazuma Honda, Danielle Minnis, Charlene Noye, Tracy Robinson, Wendy Gleeson, Reakeeta Smallwood, Aliza Lord, Brendan McCormack and Danielle White
Healthcare 2026, 14(3), 406; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare14030406 - 5 Feb 2026
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 940
Abstract
Background/Objective: The quality of care afforded to rural, remote, and First Nations Peoples is dependent on access to a health workforce with the capacity to contextualize healthcare and practice to the needs and expectations of these populations. In Australia, the lack of representation [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: The quality of care afforded to rural, remote, and First Nations Peoples is dependent on access to a health workforce with the capacity to contextualize healthcare and practice to the needs and expectations of these populations. In Australia, the lack of representation of rural health in undergraduate and post graduate health professional education undermines this preparedness and consideration of rural practice uptake and longevity, compounding the inequities confronted by 7 million Australians residing in these locations. Urgent educational reforms are required to address this omission, the deficit discourses used to characterize rural healthcare, and the persistent health workforce shortages experienced. This paper presents the Anabranch Framework for the Ruralization of Health Professional Education, a high-level strategy to transform rural healthcare provision, professional practice, and health workforce outcomes. Methods: The framework was developed through an iterative process involving a series of systematic steps. The process included the following: individual and group critical dialogues with internal academic educators, external health service leaders, metropolitan academic allies, and leaders of other rural health academic departments; an internal review of empirical studies of relevance to the ruralization of health professional education and practice; the visualization of a place-based framework; the academic conceptualization of the framework; and further critical dialogues to test the framework’s face validity. Results: The Anabranch Framework comprises four inter-related rural domains: theories, pedagogies, practices, and connectivity; four constructs: knowledge acquisition and generation, immersion in rural curriculum, knowledge translation and sharing, and relational practice; and two structural elements: spiraled and scaffolded curriculum and duration and the quality of rural placement and practice. Conclusions: The Anabranch Framework is a high-level strategy to ruralize health professional worldviews, advance rural person-centered practice, enable a deeper understanding of rural places and the development of an equity-orientated, sustainable and rural-literate health workforce. Full article
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