Detecting and Interpreting Structural Variation in the Human Genome

A special issue of Genes (ISSN 2073-4425). This special issue belongs to the section "Human Genomics and Genetic Diseases".

Deadline for manuscript submissions: closed (25 April 2025) | Viewed by 562

Special Issue Editor


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Guest Editor
Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
Interests: complex genomic rearrangements (CGR); structural variation (SV); mosaicism

Special Issue Information

Dear Colleagues,

Structural variation (SV) in the human genome can come in several forms including duplications, deletions, inversions and translocations. More complex variations can include several SVs that encompass a single complex genomic rearrangement (CGR) within an individual’s genome. Whether simple or complex, this type of variation can lead to a pathogenic consequence when it disrupts either gene dosage, creates to a gene fusion event or a direct interruption of a genes-coding sequence. Originally detected through traditional karyotyping, the identification of structural variation has vastly improved with the advent of high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH), short- and long-read sequencing methodologies, optical genome mapping (OGM) and bioinformatic tools specifically designed to find this type of variation within sequencing data. The fact that structural variation is frequently mediated by repetitive elements within the genome makes it particularly difficult to detect and characterize its final architecture. As large-scale sequencing projects continue to increase, the detection and need for interpretation of structural variation will continue to increase.

Dr. Christopher M. Grochowski
Guest Editor

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Keywords

  • structural variation (SV)
  • copy number variation (CNV)
  • ArrayCGH
  • complex genomic rearrangement (CGR)
  • non-allelic homologous recombination (NAHR)
  • non-homologous end joining (NHEJ)
  • chromothripsis
  • breakpoint junctions
  • deletion
  • duplication

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Published Papers (1 paper)

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Review

19 pages, 1260 KiB  
Review
Structural Variants: Mechanisms, Mapping, and Interpretation in Human Genetics
by Shruti Pande, Moez Dawood and Christopher M. Grochowski
Genes 2025, 16(8), 905; https://doi.org/10.3390/genes16080905 - 29 Jul 2025
Viewed by 225
Abstract
Structural variations (SVs) represent genomic variations that involve breakage and rejoining of DNA segments. SVs can alter normal gene dosage, lead to rearrangements of genes and regulatory elements within a topologically associated domain, and potentially contribute to physical traits, genomic disorders, or complex [...] Read more.
Structural variations (SVs) represent genomic variations that involve breakage and rejoining of DNA segments. SVs can alter normal gene dosage, lead to rearrangements of genes and regulatory elements within a topologically associated domain, and potentially contribute to physical traits, genomic disorders, or complex traits. Recent advances in sequencing technologies and bioinformatics have greatly improved SV detection and interpretation at unprecedented resolution and scale. Despite these advances, the functional impact of SVs, the underlying SV mechanism(s) contributing to complex traits, and the technical challenges associated with SV detection and annotation remain active areas of research. This review aims to provide an overview of structural variations, their mutagenesis mechanisms, and their detection in the genomics era, focusing on the biological significance, methodologies, and future directions in the field. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detecting and Interpreting Structural Variation in the Human Genome)
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