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Keywords = zinc glutarate

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14 pages, 3335 KB  
Article
Efficient Copolymerization of CO2 and Propylene Oxide via ZnGA/Zn-Co DMC Composite Catalysts: Synergistic Catalysis for High-Performance Polypropylene Carbonate
by Shuqin Miao, Xiaojiong Wu, Delong Ding, Chunliang Ge, Weihua Shen, Yi Yang and Yunjin Fang
Reactions 2025, 6(2), 30; https://doi.org/10.3390/reactions6020030 - 29 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3539
Abstract
Polypropylene carbonate (PPC) is a biodegradable material derived from propylene oxide (PO) with the renewable resource CO2. In this study, PPC was prepared by the catalytic polymerization of CO2 with PO using a zinc glutarate/zinc cobalt double metal cyanide (ZnGA/DMC) [...] Read more.
Polypropylene carbonate (PPC) is a biodegradable material derived from propylene oxide (PO) with the renewable resource CO2. In this study, PPC was prepared by the catalytic polymerization of CO2 with PO using a zinc glutarate/zinc cobalt double metal cyanide (ZnGA/DMC) composite catalyst prepared from two heterogeneous catalysts, zinc glutarate (ZnGA) and zinc cobalt double metal cyanide (Zn-Co DMC). High selectivity of PPC was achieved among the polymer and propylene carbonate. The prepared PPC had high molecular weight. The thermal stability of the PPC product was obviously improved by the optimization of the reaction conditions. The catalytic effect of the composite catalyst was superior to that of individual ZnGA and Zn-Co DMC, overcoming the shortcomings of those two catalysts. And the composite catalyst also stimulated some synergistic effects between the two composites, which significantly improved the catalytic effect. Full article
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12 pages, 2672 KB  
Article
Selective Copolymerization from Mixed Monomers of Phthalic Anhydride, Propylene Oxide and Lactide Using Nano-Sized Zinc Glutarate
by Xiaoting Zhang, Zhidong Li, Liyan Wang, Jingjing Yu, Yefan Liu and Pengfei Song
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(18), 1535; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14181535 - 22 Sep 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1984
Abstract
Selective polymerization with heterogeneous catalysts from mixed monomers remains a challenge in polymer synthesis. Herein, we describe that nano-sized zinc glutarate (ZnGA) can serve as a catalyst for the selective copolymerization of phthalic anhydride (PA), propylene oxide (PO) and lactide (LA). It was [...] Read more.
Selective polymerization with heterogeneous catalysts from mixed monomers remains a challenge in polymer synthesis. Herein, we describe that nano-sized zinc glutarate (ZnGA) can serve as a catalyst for the selective copolymerization of phthalic anhydride (PA), propylene oxide (PO) and lactide (LA). It was found that the ring-opening copolymerization (ROCOP) of PA with PO occurs firstly in the multicomponent polymerization. After the complete consumption of PA, the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) of LA turns into the formation of block polyester. In the process, the formation of zinc–alkoxide bonds on the surface of ZnGA accounts for the selective copolymerization from ROCOP to ROP. These results facilitate the understanding of the heterogeneous catalytic process and offer a new platform for selective polymerization from monomer mixtures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Nanoscale Catalytic Synthesis of Biodegradable or Biobased Polymeric Materials from Carbon Dioxide)
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11 pages, 1787 KB  
Article
Surface Modification of a MOF-based Catalyst with Lewis Metal Salts for Improved Catalytic Activity in the Fixation of CO2 into Polymers
by Sudakar Padmanaban and Sungho Yoon
Catalysts 2019, 9(11), 892; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal9110892 - 26 Oct 2019
Cited by 26 | Viewed by 5542
Abstract
The catalyst zinc glutarate (ZnGA) is widely used in the industry for the alternating copolymerization of CO2 with epoxides. However, the activity of this heterogeneous catalyst is restricted to the outer surface of its particles. Consequently, in the current study, to increase [...] Read more.
The catalyst zinc glutarate (ZnGA) is widely used in the industry for the alternating copolymerization of CO2 with epoxides. However, the activity of this heterogeneous catalyst is restricted to the outer surface of its particles. Consequently, in the current study, to increase the number of active surface metal centers, ZnGA was treated with diverse metal salts to form heterogeneous, surface-modified ZnGA-Metal chloride (ZnGA-M) composite catalysts. These catalysts were found to be highly active for the copolymerization of CO2 and propylene oxide. Among the different metal salts, the catalysts treated with ZnCl2 (ZnGA-Zn) and FeCl3 (ZnGA-Fe) exhibited ~38% and ~25% increased productivities, respectively, compared to untreated ZnGA catalysts. In addition, these surface-modified catalysts are capable of producing high-molecular-weight polymers; thus, this simple and industrially viable surface modification method is beneficial from an environmental and industrial perspective. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue MOFs for Advanced Applications)
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12 pages, 1446 KB  
Article
Enhanced Poly(propylene carbonate) with Thermoplastic Networks: A Cross-Linking Role of Maleic Anhydride Oligomer in CO2/PO Copolymerization
by Lijun Gao, Meiying Huang, Qifeng Wu, Xiaodan Wan, Xiaodi Chen, Xinxin Wei, Wenjing Yang, Rule Deng, Lingyun Wang and Jiuying Feng
Polymers 2019, 11(9), 1467; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym11091467 - 8 Sep 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 6242
Abstract
Cross-linking is an effective way to enhance biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) from CO2 and propylene oxide (PO). Cross-linked PPC can be prepared by one-step terpolymerization of multifunctional third monomers with CO2 and PO. However, few such third monomers are available. Each [...] Read more.
Cross-linking is an effective way to enhance biodegradable poly(propylene carbonate) (PPC) from CO2 and propylene oxide (PO). Cross-linked PPC can be prepared by one-step terpolymerization of multifunctional third monomers with CO2 and PO. However, few such third monomers are available. Each molecule of maleic anhydride oligomer (MAO) contains more than two cyclic anhydride groups. Here, we use it to synthesize PPC with cross-linked networks by adding a small quantity of MAO (0.625–5 wt% of PO) in CO2/PO copolymerization that was catalyzed by zinc glutarate. The formation of networks in the prepared copolymers was confirmed by the presence of gel in copolymers combined Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), 1H NMR, and the improved mechanical properties. The 5% weight-loss degradation temperatures and maximum weight-loss degradation temperatures greatly increase up to 289.8 °C and 308.8 °C, respectively, which are remarkably high when compared to those of PPC. The minimum permanent deformation of the copolymers closes to 0, while that of PPC is 173%. The maximum tensile strength of the copolymers is 25.5 MPa higher than that of PPC, reaching 38.4 MPa, and it still has some toughness with the elongation at break of 25%. The above phenomena indicate that MAO that was inserted in PPC chains play a cross-linking role, which results in enhanced thermal stability, dimensional stability, and mechanical strength, comprehensively. Full article
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9 pages, 1408 KB  
Communication
A Zn-MOF-Catalyzed Terpolymerization of Propylene Oxide, CO2, and β-butyrolactone
by Sudakar Padmanaban, Sivanesan Dharmalingam and Sungho Yoon
Catalysts 2018, 8(9), 393; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal8090393 - 13 Sep 2018
Cited by 17 | Viewed by 6393
Abstract
The terpolymerization of propylene oxide (PO), CO2, and a lactone is one of the prominent sustainable procedures for synthesizing thermoplastic materials at an industrial scale. Herein, the one-pot terpolymerization of PO, CO2, and β-butyrolactone (BBL) was achieved for the [...] Read more.
The terpolymerization of propylene oxide (PO), CO2, and a lactone is one of the prominent sustainable procedures for synthesizing thermoplastic materials at an industrial scale. Herein, the one-pot terpolymerization of PO, CO2, and β-butyrolactone (BBL) was achieved for the first time using a heterogeneous nano-sized catalyst: zinc glutarate (ZnGA-20). The reactivity of both PO and BBL increased with the CO2 pressure, and the polyester content of the terpolymer poly (carbonate-co-ester) could be tuned by controlling the infeed ratio of PO to BBL. When the polyester content increased, the thermal stability of the polymers increased, whereas the glass transition temperature (Tg) decreased. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Catalysis by Metal-Organic Frameworks)
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