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16 pages, 2339 KB

Open AccessArticle

Pump-Induced Biphasic Relaxation Model of Xe Spin in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Gyroscopes

by Shangtao Jiang, Tengyue Wang, Xuyang Qiu, Yunkai Mao and Heng Yuan

Materials 2026, 19(6), 1143; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma19061143 - 15 Mar 2026

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The spin relaxation rate of Xe isotopes is a key characteristic of nuclear magnetic resonance gyroscopes (NMRGs). A pump-induced biphasic relaxation (PBR) model is proposed to describe the pump dependence of the transverse relaxation rate of ¹²⁹Xe nuclear spin. The distribution of electron polarization is theoretically analyzed based on the Bloch–Torrey equations and the volume-averaged polarization is evaluated through NMR frequency shift measurements. Experimental results confirm the theoretical quadratic dependence between Γ and

P_{R b}

with a high fitting accuracy (R² = 0.9969). The predicted linear (R² > 0.9966) and hyperbolic (R² > 0.9942) regimes of Γ versus pump power are also observed. Validation across different pump power conditions shows agreement between the model and measurements, with an average relative deviation of 0.2169%. The multi-stage process of nuclear spin relaxation is quantified, thereby providing a robust validation for the PBR model. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Materials for Electrical Engineering: Fabrication, Testing and Applications)

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13 pages, 2272 KB

Open AccessArticle

Enhancement of the Shift in the Photonic Spin Hall Effect and Its Application for Cancer Cell Detection

by Alka Verma, Devanshi Katiyar, Vimal Mishra, Rajeev Gupta and Yogendra Kumar Prajapati

Quantum Rep. 2026, 8(1), 17; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum8010017 - 17 Feb 2026

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Abstract

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) originates from the spin–orbit interaction (SOI) of light. The literature indicates that the transverse spin-dependent shift,

δ_{H}^{-}

(SDS), from the PSHE is weak (in the nanometer range) and difficult to measure directly. This study utilizes [...] Read more.

The photonic spin Hall effect (PSHE) originates from the spin–orbit interaction (SOI) of light. The literature indicates that the transverse spin-dependent shift,

δ_{H}^{-}

(SDS), from the PSHE is weak (in the nanometer range) and difficult to measure directly. This study utilizes a plasmonic structure to improve the

δ_{H}^{-}

in the PSHE. The obtained results of this study demonstrate that the inclusion of silicon nitride (Si₃N₄) significantly enhances the

δ_{H}^{-}

relative to its absence; however, plasmonic material is present in both cases. The enhanced shifts exhibit a significant dependence on the resonance angle (

θ_{r}

) and the thickness of layers of the PSHE structure to attain the maximum increase in

δ_{H}^{-}

of 350.82 µm at the plasmonic resonance condition. A systematic analysis of the centroid positions of the reflected beam indicates a distinct and constant separation of opposing spin components. Further, the improved

δ_{H}^{-}

is utilized in cancer cell detection, as changes in the refractive index (RI) of cells facilitate the identification of cancer cells from healthy to cancerous. All examined cell types demonstrate that cancerous cells had a greater

δ_{H}^{-}

than normal cells, owing to their elevated effective RI. These results illustrate that the proposed plasmonic-assisted PSHE structure offers significant enhancement and a high sensitivity of 439.30 µm/RIU for label-free detection of cancer cells. Full article

(This article belongs to the Topic Quantum Systems and Their Applications)

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13 pages, 2641 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spin-Hall Effect of Cylindrical Vector Vortex Beams

by Xuyao Zhang, Shuo Wang, Jinhong Liu, Jinze Wu and Jinhong Li

Photonics 2023, 10(12), 1356; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10121356 - 8 Dec 2023

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2368

Abstract

Spin-Hall effect (SHE) of light is one of the main manifestations of the spin-orbit interaction of photons, and has been extensively studied for optical beams with homogeneous polarization. Here, we present a theoretical study of the SHE of cylindrical vector vortex beams (CVVBs) possessing inhomogeneous polarization. We derive the analytical expressions of the SHE of CVVBs reflected and refracted at a dielectric interface with radial and azimuthal polarization of incidence. The spin-dependent shifts of the SHE of light linearly depend on the topological charge of the CVVBs. In contrast to the conventional SHE of horizontally or vertically polarized beams, the SHE shifts of the CVVBs are asymmetrical when the topological charge is nonzero. This asymmetry results in the transverse Imbert–Fedorov (IF) shifts that are proportional to the topological charge. Furthermore, based on weak measurement, we propose an experimental scheme to enhance the SHE and related IF shifts with proper pre- and post-selection polarization states. Our results advance the study of the SHE of structured light and may find applications in SHE-based techniques such as precision measurement. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Topics in Structured Light)

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8 pages, 1023 KB

Open AccessArticle

Strengthened Spin Hall Effect of Circularly Polarized Light Enabled by a Single-Layered Dielectric Metasurface

by Minkyung Kim and Dasol Lee

Materials 2023, 16(1), 283; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010283 - 28 Dec 2022

Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3427

Abstract

The spin Hall effect of light, referring to the spin-dependent and transverse splitting of light at an optical interface, is an interface-dependent phenomenon. In contrast to this commonly accepted statement, it has been recently reported that the spin Hall effect under circularly polarized light is interface-independent. Despite this interface-independence, however, the reflection of the spin Hall shifted beam is mostly suppressed under near-normal incidence, where the spin Hall shift is large because of the handedness reversal that occurs during the reflection. Here we present a single-layered dielectric metasurface to realize the interface-independent and strengthened spin Hall effect of light. Numerical simulation results confirmed that the anisotropic geometry of the metasurface induced phase-reversed reflection for one linear polarization and phase-preserved reflection for the other, thereby strongly strengthening the reflection of the spin-Hall-shifted beam. Our work will pave a route toward the precise displacement of the beam at the nanoscale without perturbing its polarization state. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Optical and Photonic Materials)

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11 pages, 2514 KB

Open AccessArticle

Spectrally Selective Detection of Short Spin Waves in Magnetoplasmonic Nanostructures via the Magneto-Optical Intensity Effect

by Olga V. Borovkova, Saveliy V. Lutsenko, Mikhail A. Kozhaev, Andrey N. Kalish and Vladimir I. Belotelov

Nanomaterials 2022, 12(3), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12030405 - 26 Jan 2022

Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2993

Abstract

A method of spectrally selective detection of short spin waves (or magnons) by means of the transverse magneto-optical (MO) intensity effect in transmission in the magnetoplasmonic nanostructure is proposed. We considered the spin waves with a wavelength equal to or less than (by [...] Read more.

μ

m. The method is based on the analysis of the MO effect spectrum versus the modulation of the sample magnetization (created by the spin wave) and related spatial symmetry breaking in the magnetic layer. The spatial symmetry breaking leads to the appearance of the MO effect modulation at the normal incidence of light in the spectral range of the optical states (the SPP and the waveguide modes) and the breaking of the antisymmetry of the effect with respect to the sign of the incidence angle of light. We reveal that the magnitude of the MO effect varies periodically depending on the spatial shift of the spin wave with respect to the plasmonic grating. The period of this modulation is equal to the period of the spin wave. All these facts allow for the detection of spin waves of a certain wavelength propagating in a nanostructure by measuring the MO response. Full article

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12 pages, 1895 KB

Open AccessArticle

Photonic Spin Hall Effect: Contribution of Polarization Mixing Caused by Anisotropy

by Maxim Mazanov, Oleh Yermakov, Ilya Deriy, Osamu Takayama, Andrey Bogdanov and Andrei V. Lavrinenko

Quantum Rep. 2020, 2(4), 489-500; https://doi.org/10.3390/quantum2040034 - 23 Sep 2020

Cited by 30 | Viewed by 5907

Abstract

Spin-orbital interaction of light attracts much attention in nanophotonics opening new horizons for modern optical systems and devices. The photonic spin Hall effect or Imbert-Fedorov shift takes a special place among the variety of spin-orbital interaction phenomena. It exhibits as a polarization-dependent transverse light shift usually observed in specular scattering of light at interfaces with anisotropic materials. Nevertheless, the effect of the polarization mixing caused by anisotropy on the Imbert-Fedorov shift is commonly underestimated. In this work, we demonstrate that polarization mixing contribution cannot be ignored for a broad range of optical systems. In particular, we show the dominant influence of the mixing term over the standard one for the polarized optical beam incident at a quarter-wave plate within the paraxial approximation. Moreover, our study reveals a novel contribution with extraordinary polarization dependence not observable within the simplified approach. We believe that these results advance the understanding of photonic spin Hall effect and open new opportunities for spin-dependent optical phenomena. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Spin Hall Effect in Photonic Materials)

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