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Search Results (1,025)

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Keywords = sustainability learning capabilities

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17 pages, 3269 KB  
Article
Integrating Sustainability into Embedded Systems Education: A CDIO-Based Framework
by Xiangjin Zeng
Sustainability 2026, 18(13), 6490; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18136490 (registering DOI) - 25 Jun 2026
Abstract
While existing curricula often focus on theoretical aspects of sustainability, they frequently fail to equip students with practical design skills required by the green industry. To address this disconnect, this study seeks to answer: How can a structured pedagogical framework effectively enhance students’ [...] Read more.
While existing curricula often focus on theoretical aspects of sustainability, they frequently fail to equip students with practical design skills required by the green industry. To address this disconnect, this study seeks to answer: How can a structured pedagogical framework effectively enhance students’ ability to translate abstract sustainability principles into concrete technical solutions? This study introduces a comprehensive CDIO-based framework reform for Embedded Intelligent Systems education, weaving sustainability throughout every phase. We put forward a “Sustainable CDIO Capability Model” that charts a progressive pathway—starting from basic resource awareness and advancing through to sophisticated sustainable system innovation. Our four-dimensional teaching strategy brings this model to life: first, project-based learning driven by real sustainability challenges; second, a hybrid ecosystem blending online resources, hands-on practice, and immersion in green industry contexts; third, hierarchical team-based pedagogy backed by personalized support mechanisms; and fourth, a multi-dimensional assessment system that weights energy efficiency, resource stewardship, and social value creation alongside conventional metrics. We implemented this approach with Intelligent Science and Technology majors at Wuhan Institute of Technology. The results show the model effectively bridges the persistent gap between dry technical content and the practical demands of green industry. Students made substantial gains not merely in core engineering capabilities—system architecture, hardware-software co-development—but crucially in sustainable design awareness and their capacity to untangle complex sustainability challenges. This work offers a readily transferable framework for embedding Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) into engineering curricula worldwide. It provides practitioners with a concrete, tested model for cultivating the next generation of engineers who naturally think and act with sustainability in mind. Full article
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26 pages, 2518 KB  
Article
Energy- and Communication-Aware Federated Learning for Smart City Sensing and Urban Intelligence
by Manuel J. C. S. Reis
Urban Sci. 2026, 10(7), 350; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci10070350 (registering DOI) - 24 Jun 2026
Abstract
Smart cities increasingly rely on distributed sensing and edge intelligence to support urban planning, mobility management, environmental monitoring, and critical infrastructure operation. However, large-scale urban Internet-of-Things deployments are constrained by heterogeneous device capabilities, limited energy availability, variable communication conditions, and data-governance requirements. Federated [...] Read more.
Smart cities increasingly rely on distributed sensing and edge intelligence to support urban planning, mobility management, environmental monitoring, and critical infrastructure operation. However, large-scale urban Internet-of-Things deployments are constrained by heterogeneous device capabilities, limited energy availability, variable communication conditions, and data-governance requirements. Federated learning offers a data-locality-preserving alternative to centralized model training, but conventional federated learning strategies often assume full, random, or fixed client participation, which can lead to unnecessary energy consumption, communication overhead, or client starvation in resource-constrained urban environments. This paper proposes an Energy- and Communication-Aware Federated Learning strategy, termed ECA-FL, for smart city sensing systems. The main novelty of the work lies in the joint use of residual device energy and communication conditions to guide adaptive client participation and local training effort, providing a tunable resource–performance trade-off rather than an accuracy-maximizing strategy alone. The framework is evaluated through a controlled simulation-based study using a synthetic multi-class urban sensing proxy task distributed across 100 federated clients under strongly non-IID conditions. Compared with full-participation FedAvg, ECA-FL reduces cumulative energy consumption by 82.9% and communication overhead by 64.7%, while maintaining a final accuracy of 0.8124 compared with 0.8319 for FedAvg-full. Compared with rigid fixed-participation strategies, ECA-FL avoids severe learning degradation by adapting participation dynamically instead of excluding clients according to a static rule. A sensitivity analysis further shows that the trade-off parameter controls the balance between learning performance and resource conservation, allowing the framework to be adjusted according to different deployment priorities. The results support the hypothesis that adaptive energy- and communication-aware participation can substantially reduce operational cost while preserving acceptable learning performance within the adopted simulation setting. The study provides practical design insights for sustainable, communication-conscious, and data-locality-preserving federated learning in smart city sensing infrastructures. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Cities—Urban Planning, Technology and Future Infrastructures)
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34 pages, 22602 KB  
Article
Toward Predicting Slope Stability Hazard Levels Using Ensemble Learning
by Yulin Zou, Shahab Hosseini, Mohammad Afrazi, Seyed Yaser Mousavi Siamakani, Pijush Samui and Danial Jahed Armaghani
CivilEng 2026, 7(3), 39; https://doi.org/10.3390/civileng7030039 (registering DOI) - 24 Jun 2026
Abstract
The present study investigates the application of conventional and ensemble machine learning models for slope stability prediction, which is essential for landslide risk reduction and sustainable infrastructure management. A database containing 627 slope cases was used, including six input variables: unit weight, cohesion, [...] Read more.
The present study investigates the application of conventional and ensemble machine learning models for slope stability prediction, which is essential for landslide risk reduction and sustainable infrastructure management. A database containing 627 slope cases was used, including six input variables: unit weight, cohesion, friction angle, slope angle, slope height, and pore pressure ratio. Six machine learning models, namely Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost), Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and Boosted Tree, were developed and evaluated. The models were assessed using ROC analysis, confusion-matrix-derived metrics, precision–recall analysis, feature importance assessment, and unseen testing cases. The results showed that ensemble-based models provided superior predictive performance compared with conventional machine learning models. Based on ROC analysis, RF achieved the highest ROC-AUC value of 0.93, followed by Boosted Tree and XGBoost with ROC-AUC values of 0.92 and 0.90, respectively. Based on confusion-matrix-derived metrics, Boosted Tree achieved the highest accuracy of 0.862 and F1-score of 0.874, while RF showed comparable performance with an accuracy of 0.857 and F1-score of 0.868. Feature importance analysis indicated that cohesion and unit weight were among the most influential variables affecting slope stability prediction. In addition, the unseen testing cases confirmed the practical generalization capability of the ensemble models, with Boosted Tree and RF achieving accuracies of 0.920 and 0.880, respectively. Overall, the findings demonstrate that ensemble learning models, particularly Boosted Tree and RF, can provide reliable and interpretable decision-support tools for preliminary slope stability assessment and landslide hazard management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geotechnical, Geological and Environmental Engineering)
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16 pages, 1554 KB  
Review
Explainable and Trustworthy Artificial Intelligence in Cardiology: A Narrative Review of Clinical Applications, Operational Integration, and Future Directions
by Mateusz Lucki, Ewa Lucka, Jacek Żak, Przemysław Mitkowski and Maciej Lesiak
J. Clin. Med. 2026, 15(13), 4885; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm15134885 (registering DOI) - 23 Jun 2026
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming cardiology through advanced analytical tools capable of identifying complex patterns across cardiovascular imaging, electrophysiology, and clinical datasets. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms are being integrated into echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming cardiology through advanced analytical tools capable of identifying complex patterns across cardiovascular imaging, electrophysiology, and clinical datasets. Machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) algorithms are being integrated into echocardiography, cardiac computed tomography (CT), cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and electrocardiography (ECG), enabling earlier diagnosis and more personalized cardiovascular care. This narrative review summarizes current clinical and organizational applications of AI in cardiology and discusses emerging concepts related to explainable and trustworthy AI. Methods: A narrative review was conducted according to SANRA recommendations using the PubMed, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, including peer-reviewed publications from 2015 to 2026 addressing clinical, organizational, and ethical applications of AI in cardiology, with particular emphasis on cardiovascular imaging, electrocardiography, heart failure, digital health, and explainable AI frameworks. Results: Substantial evidence demonstrates that AI-based tools can achieve expert-level performance in cardiovascular imaging interpretation, automated electrocardiographic analysis, and clinical risk prediction. Across multiple cardiovascular settings, AI has been associated with improved diagnostic accuracy, enhanced workflow efficiency, and earlier detection of cardiovascular disease. Predictive models support risk stratification in heart failure and ischemic heart disease, while chatbots and digital health platforms may facilitate patient engagement, remote monitoring, and continuity of care. Despite these advances, important challenges remain, including algorithmic bias, limited transparency, insufficient external validation, data heterogeneity, and barriers to routine clinical implementation. Emerging explainable AI approaches may improve model interpretability, clinician confidence, and the safe adoption of AI-driven decision support systems. Conclusions: Artificial intelligence is rapidly evolving from a research-oriented technology into a clinically relevant component of cardiovascular care. Current evidence indicates that AI can enhance diagnostic performance, improve risk prediction, streamline clinical workflows, and facilitate more personalized management across multiple cardiovascular domains. However, the successful translation of AI into routine practice will depend on robust external validation, transparent decision-making mechanisms, regulatory oversight, and clinician acceptance. The development of explainable and trustworthy AI frameworks represents a critical step toward the safe, ethical, and sustainable integration of AI into modern cardiology. Full article
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36 pages, 3020 KB  
Article
An Enhanced Equilibrium Optimizer Based on Rural Tourism Inspiration Strategy for Global Optimization and Engineering Applications
by Zhiwang Xu, Hui Xie and Chengpeng Li
Systems 2026, 14(7), 728; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14070728 (registering DOI) - 23 Jun 2026
Abstract
As the complexity, scale, and nonlinearity of modern engineering optimization problems continue to increase, traditional optimization algorithms face significant challenges in achieving high solution accuracy, fast convergence, and robust performance. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Rural Tourism Migration-based Improved Equilibrium [...] Read more.
As the complexity, scale, and nonlinearity of modern engineering optimization problems continue to increase, traditional optimization algorithms face significant challenges in achieving high solution accuracy, fast convergence, and robust performance. To address these issues, this paper proposes a Rural Tourism Migration-based Improved Equilibrium Optimizer (RTM-IEO), aiming to enhance the global search capability and adaptive balance between exploration and exploitation. Specifically, an adaptive lens imaging opposition-based learning strategy is introduced to effectively expand the search space and maintain population diversity. A dynamic elite-guided elimination mechanism is designed to strengthen exploitation capability and accelerate convergence by reconstructing inferior individuals using high-quality solutions. In addition, a multi-stage rural tourism migration strategy is developed to dynamically regulate the search behavior across different optimization phases, enabling a more flexible and efficient search process. The effectiveness of the proposed algorithm is comprehensively validated on the CEC2021 and CEC2022 benchmark suites, where RTM-IEO demonstrates superior performance in terms of convergence accuracy, convergence speed, and robustness compared with several representative state-of-the-art algorithms. The statistical superiority of the proposed method is further confirmed through Friedman mean ranking and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. To further evaluate its practical applicability, RTM-IEO is applied to the sustainable economic dispatch problem of a microgrid integrating renewable energy sources, including wind power and photovoltaic generation, along with energy storage systems and controllable units. The optimization objective simultaneously considers economic cost minimization and sustainable operation requirements, such as improving renewable energy utilization and reducing dependence on fossil-fuel-based generation. Experimental results indicate that the proposed method achieves a significant reduction in daily operating cost (exceeding 52% compared with benchmark algorithms), while effectively promoting low-carbon energy utilization and enhancing overall system sustainability. Overall, the proposed RTM-IEO provides an efficient and reliable optimization framework for addressing complex global optimization problems, particularly in scenarios requiring a coordinated balance between economic performance and sustainable development. Full article
67 pages, 6410 KB  
Review
Engineering of Optoelectronic Devices for Renewable Energy Applications
by José Pereira, Reinaldo Souza and Ana Moita
Micromachines 2026, 17(6), 758; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi17060758 (registering DOI) - 22 Jun 2026
Viewed by 65
Abstract
Optoelectronic devices are emerging as a cornerstone of advanced renewable energy technologies, offering innovative routes for energy harvesting, conversion, and management with high efficiency and versatility. This review summarizes recent advances in the semiconductor materials engineering field, device configurations, and light–matter interaction mechanisms [...] Read more.
Optoelectronic devices are emerging as a cornerstone of advanced renewable energy technologies, offering innovative routes for energy harvesting, conversion, and management with high efficiency and versatility. This review summarizes recent advances in the semiconductor materials engineering field, device configurations, and light–matter interaction mechanisms that underpin advanced optoelectronic systems for solar energy harvesting, solar-driven chemical conversion, and smart grid integration, among others. Emphasis is placed on the breakthroughs achieved in the perovskite and hybrid photovoltaics, photoelectrochemical energy conversion, and nanostructured optoelectronic platforms that enable much-increased light absorption, reduced recombination losses, and scalable large-scale fabrications. Moreover, the challenges closely linked with long-term stability, environmental durability and benevolence, and worldwide deployment are critically addressed, together with the emerging opportunities in AI design, tandem device technological solutions, integrated energy systems, and machine learning approaches for optimizing device performance, thermal management, and energy storage capabilities. Finally, the present review concludes by outlining the future research directions that could accelerate the transition toward high-performance, cost-effective, and sustainable optoelectronic solutions responsive to global renewable energy requirements. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Emerging Trends in Optoelectronic Device Engineering, 2nd Edition)
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25 pages, 906 KB  
Systematic Review
From Multimodal Texts to Generative AI: A Systematic Review of Immersive Educational Strategies and Their Reported Contributions to Sustainability and Inclusion in Higher Education
by Willy Adauto-Medina, Omar Chamorro-Atalaya, Soledad Olivares-Zegarra, José Antonio Arévalo-Tuesta, Maritza Arones, Irma Aybar-Bellido, César León-Velarde, Silvia Fernández-Flores, Adrián Quispe-Andía and Elizabeth Auqui-Ramos
Sustainability 2026, 18(12), 6373; https://doi.org/10.3390/su18126373 (registering DOI) - 22 Jun 2026
Viewed by 242
Abstract
Higher education is undergoing a transition in which static multimodal resources are giving way to immersive learning environments powered by generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). This PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review, prospectively registered in INPLASY (202610066), synthesizes evidence on immersive GenAI-based strategies in higher education, [...] Read more.
Higher education is undergoing a transition in which static multimodal resources are giving way to immersive learning environments powered by generative artificial intelligence (GenAI). This PRISMA 2020-compliant systematic review, prospectively registered in INPLASY (202610066), synthesizes evidence on immersive GenAI-based strategies in higher education, examining their reported contributions to sustainability, inclusion, and learning outcomes. Searches across Scopus, ScienceDirect, and ERIC (2022–2026) identified 1364 records; after quality appraisal using an adapted CASP instrument, 25 studies were included in a narrative and descriptive synthesis. Five strategy types emerged—VR-based simulations, virtual patient platforms, adaptive LLM tutoring systems, mixed/augmented reality environments, and 3D/metaverse configurations—with GPT-family models predominating (56%). The central finding is a structural reporting asymmetry: learning outcomes were explicitly documented in 23 studies (92%), whereas sustainability and inclusion were explicitly reported as outcome domains in only one study each (4%). Health sciences (36%) and educational technology (28%) dominated the evidence base, while Latin American, African, and most STEM contexts remained underrepresented. Immersive GenAI strategies are being evaluated for short-term instructional value, while their contribution to sustainable higher education remains underexamined. Advancing SDG 4 requires longitudinal designs, equity-oriented frameworks, and indicators capable of evaluating inclusion and durable learning gains across institutional contexts. Full article
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48 pages, 9238 KB  
Article
Smart Logistics Model for Supply Chain Management via Brain-Inspired Geometric Deep Networks
by Mehdi Khaleghi, Farshad Pashootanizadeh, Nastaran Khaleghi, Sobhan Sheykhivand, Sebelan Danishvar and VahidReza Ghezavati
Biomimetics 2026, 11(6), 440; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11060440 (registering DOI) - 22 Jun 2026
Viewed by 261
Abstract
Systematic logistics plays a key role in fostering profitable development in supply chains. An intelligent logistics model can help create a more agile, sustainable, and resilient supply chain. In recent years, several brain-inspired deep learning architectures, such as long short-term memory networks, graph [...] Read more.
Systematic logistics plays a key role in fostering profitable development in supply chains. An intelligent logistics model can help create a more agile, sustainable, and resilient supply chain. In recent years, several brain-inspired deep learning architectures, such as long short-term memory networks, graph neural networks, and convolutional neural networks, have been introduced for intelligent decision-making tasks. From a biomimetic perspective, these models are inspired by biological information-processing mechanisms. Convolutional neural networks reflect hierarchical procedures similar to those in the visual cortex, graph neural networks mimic communication among biological neurons, and LSTM networks are motivated by short-term and long-term memory mechanisms in the brain. Inspired by these biomimetic computational principles, this study proposes a novel hybrid deep learning strategy composed of LSTM, convolutional layers and GraphSAGE geometric layers for smart supply chain logistics management. This strategy enables leveraging information pertaining to LSTM-based long-term dependencies, convolutional local patterns and graph-related hidden connections of the supply chain dataset for intelligent decision-making. The GraphSAGE framework helps with scalable graph learning, which enhances predictive accuracy in the case of unseen data. The optimizer in the proposed methodology performs sequential optimization using the biomimetic particle swarm optimizer and the Adam approach (PSO-Adam), considering the hybrid cost function. The prediction of logistics parameters is investigated using five datasets, including DataCo, Shipping, Smart Logistics, Hospital Supply Chain, and Pharmaceutical Supply Chain. The average accuracies of 97.8%, 100%, 96.6%, 98.7% and 99.4% are obtained for practical multi-category logistics parameter forecasts. The evaluation metrics for ten logistics predictions confirm the effectiveness of the proposed intelligent logistics model and highlight the potential of biomimetic geometric networks for complex supply chain decision-making. The model is a cost-efficient approach with consideration of the prediction capabilities, helping to reduce the occurrence of logistics risks, increase the productivity of the supply chain and affect the supply chain visibility, customer satisfaction, and industry reputation. Full article
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27 pages, 8521 KB  
Review
Semiochemical-Mediated Host-Searching and Biological Control Potential of Trichogramma Wasps: Mechanisms, Behavioral Plasticity, and Pest Management Applications
by Yu Wang, Xu-Dong Liu, Asim Iqbal, Atif Idrees, Chen Zhang and Wan-Sheng He
Plants 2026, 15(12), 1918; https://doi.org/10.3390/plants15121918 (registering DOI) - 21 Jun 2026
Viewed by 304
Abstract
Globally, Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is known as the most effective biological control agent due to its ability to parasitize insect pest eggs. However, identifying an appropriate host is vital for Trichogramma to prosper. Therefore, this study delves into the complex role of [...] Read more.
Globally, Trichogramma Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) is known as the most effective biological control agent due to its ability to parasitize insect pest eggs. However, identifying an appropriate host is vital for Trichogramma to prosper. Therefore, this study delves into the complex role of semiochemicals in shaping the host-seeking behavior of Trichogramma parasitoids, with a particular focus on their responses to both plant-derived and host-derived cues. The mechanism of semiochemical reception in Trichogramma wasps relies on a highly specialized, sensitive olfactory and gustatory system to locate host eggs and mates. Semiochemicals, which mediate ecological interactions, have been identified as pivotal in influencing the parasitic efficiency of Trichogramma species. Trichogramma’s host-seeking behavior is influenced not solely by ovipositional cues but also by the intrinsic physical attributes of Lepidopteran hosts, such as the scales on the wings and abdomen, which emit semiochemicals capable of eliciting positive chemotactic responses, thereby guiding parasitoids toward optimal sites for oviposition. Furthermore, the interplay between insect-derived and plant-derived chemical cues exhibits a synergistic effect, collectively enhancing the chemotactic attraction of Trichogramma, thereby fine-tuning its host-seeking behavior with greater precision and specificity. This study further underscores Trichogramma’s innate behavioral ability to discriminate between host eggs of varying developmental stages, facilitating the precise identification and selection of the most suitable host for parasitization. Age and experience both make Trichogramma more selective of hosts, but younger parasitoids may take a broader approach to host selection due to their greater life expectancy. Furthermore, the removal of these cues affects their host localization and learning abilities. Associative learning enables Trichogramma to exhibit flexible behaviors, providing them with a selective advantage; allows them to explore various hosts; and reduces environmental uncertainty. Plant structure, host density, and host age are the key factors that significantly influence the foraging and parasitism of Trichogramma. The searching speed of this parasitoid is significantly influenced by temperature. Heat stress increases VOC emissions in plants such as potato via stomatal opening, reducing herbivore attraction and enhancing parasitoid recruitment. Furthermore, air pollution, including CO2, O3, and NOx, impairs parasitoid efficiency by disrupting volatile-mediated host location and reducing biological control performance. Trichogramma wasps are generally effective biological control agents, but their success depends on the species used, target pest, crop, release density, and field conditions. Overall, species such as T. ostriniae, T. japonicum, and T. leucaniae show the strongest performance in several crops by increasing parasitism, reducing pest damage, and improving yield. This study highlights the successful integration of semiochemical cues in pest management programs and the effective utilization of Trichogramma in conjunction with entomopathogenic bacteria to control Lepidopteran pests. This approach contributes to the development of more effective pest management strategies, thereby promoting agricultural sustainability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Chemical Ecology—2nd Edition)
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27 pages, 4601 KB  
Article
Few-Shot Learning–Based Water Quality Classification Under Limited Data Conditions for Smart Aquaculture Monitoring
by Ashikur Rahman, Gwo Chin Chung, Yin Hoe Ng, Kah Yoong Chan and Soo Fun Tan
Water 2026, 18(12), 1523; https://doi.org/10.3390/w18121523 (registering DOI) - 20 Jun 2026
Viewed by 281
Abstract
Water quality monitoring is a fundamental element of sustainable aquaculture management, as changes in parameters of physicochemical and biological properties directly affect the health, growth performance, and productivity of the aquaculture systems. Although traditional machine learning (ML) methods have demonstrated effectiveness in water [...] Read more.
Water quality monitoring is a fundamental element of sustainable aquaculture management, as changes in parameters of physicochemical and biological properties directly affect the health, growth performance, and productivity of the aquaculture systems. Although traditional machine learning (ML) methods have demonstrated effectiveness in water quality classification, their performance often depends on large amounts of labeled data, which can be challenging and expensive to collect in real-world aquaculture environments. This study explores a few-shot learning (FSL) framework for data-efficient water quality classification under limited supervision to address this limitation. Several FSL models, including prototypical networks (ProtoNet), Siamese Networks, and Matching Networks were developed and evaluated in a comparative experimental framework against the traditional machine learning classifiers logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine and extreme gradient boosting. Low-data learning scenarios were simulated using a structured episodic evaluation approach. Experimental results demonstrate FSL techniques outperform traditional machine learning methods across all evaluated scenarios. Among the tested methods, ProtoNet achieved the highest performance, attaining an accuracy of 94.46% and an ROC-AUC score of 98.65%, indicating superior discriminative capability and robustness. Siamese Networks also demonstrated competitive performance under highly constrained data conditions. Furthermore, latent-space visualization, confusion matrix analysis, paired t-test statistical analysis, and ablation studies confirmed that episodic meta-learning enables the learning of highly discriminative latent representations with strong generalization capability under limited labeled data conditions. The findings highlight that FSL provides a robust and scalable framework for intelligent water quality classification in aquaculture systems, particularly in scenarios where labeled data are scarce, offering significant potential for sustainable aquaculture monitoring applications. Full article
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26 pages, 5767 KB  
Article
An Explainable AI-Driven Framework for Sustainable Supplier Selection in Healthcare Systems: A Methodological Framework and Proof of Concept
by Lara J M Naser, Alper Göksu and Berrin Denizhan
Systems 2026, 14(6), 709; https://doi.org/10.3390/systems14060709 (registering DOI) - 20 Jun 2026
Viewed by 186
Abstract
Supplier selection in healthcare is a complex multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) challenge requiring a balance of sustainability, resilience, and operational efficiency. Traditional methods struggle with scalability and subjectivity when applied to large administrative datasets. This study introduces a transparent hybrid Machine Learning–MCDM (ML–MCDM) framework, [...] Read more.
Supplier selection in healthcare is a complex multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) challenge requiring a balance of sustainability, resilience, and operational efficiency. Traditional methods struggle with scalability and subjectivity when applied to large administrative datasets. This study introduces a transparent hybrid Machine Learning–MCDM (ML–MCDM) framework, validated using a U.S. Medicare dataset of 661 suppliers. The framework integrates eXtreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost) and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) for criterion prioritization, the Full Consistency Method (FUCOM) for mathematically consistent weighting, and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (TOPSIS) for final ranking. As the dataset lacks direct sustainability metrics, seven indicators were synthetically generated; thus, the results serve as proof-of-concept demonstration of the framework’s architecture. Specifically, XGBoost–SHAP is trained to predict a synthetically constructed Overall Performance Score (OPS), meaning that the resulting feature importance output constitutes an algorithmic consistency check—confirming that the pipeline correctly recovers importance signals deliberately embedded in the training target. For interpretability, suppliers were segmented into five performance profiles via K-Means: Strategic Partners (17.7%), Green Leaders (18.6%), Reliable Emergency Suppliers (18.2%), Balanced Performers (20.4%), and Developing Suppliers (25.1%). Carbon Footprint Score (0.408) and Emergency Response Capability (0.316) achieved the highest feature importance. FUCOM-derived weights prioritized On-Time Delivery Rate (0.272), Carbon Footprint Score (0.222), and Emergency Response Capability (0.220). The top supplier attained a TOPSIS closeness coefficient of 0.800, showing strong discrimination. Sensitivity analysis across four scenarios confirmed ranking robustness, maintaining Spearman correlations ρ ≥ 0.977. This ML–FUCOM–TOPSIS approach provides an auditable, scalable, and policy-relevant decision-support tool, enabling procurement managers to navigate high-dimensional data while ensuring operational continuity and environmental responsibility in healthcare supply chains. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Leveraging AI Algorithms to Enhance Healthcare Systems)
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30 pages, 2962 KB  
Review
Review of Geosynthetic Encased Stone Columns for Mechanisms Modeling and Machine Learning Applications
by Mohamed Abdellatief, Ayman ELtahrany and Amr ElNemr
J. Exp. Theor. Anal. 2026, 4(2), 22; https://doi.org/10.3390/jeta4020022 - 18 Jun 2026
Viewed by 121
Abstract
Ground improvement for foundations supported on soft soils is traditionally problematic because of low bearing capacity and a large magnitude of settlement. One sustainable method for mitigating these problems is the use of stone columns (SCs), particularly geosynthetic-encased stone columns (GESCs), to improve [...] Read more.
Ground improvement for foundations supported on soft soils is traditionally problematic because of low bearing capacity and a large magnitude of settlement. One sustainable method for mitigating these problems is the use of stone columns (SCs), particularly geosynthetic-encased stone columns (GESCs), to improve load transfer, confinement, and consolidation. This review critically synthesizes recent advances in the analysis and design of SC systems using experimental investigations, numerical simulations, and machine learning (ML)-based methodologies. The article indicates that GESCs, when integrated with modern data-driven techniques, especially hybrid metaheuristic ML models, represent a reliable and sustainable solution for soft soil stabilization. Traditional analytical and empirical methods remain useful; however, they are often inadequate for very soft soils (Undrained shear strength (cu) < 15 kPa), where excessive bulging and large deformations dominate system behavior. Consequently, intelligent hybrid modeling approaches are emerging as the next generation of optimized, data-driven design tools in geotechnical engineering. Different failure mechanisms of SCs, including bulging, punching shear, and general shear failure, are critically discussed along with the governing design parameters. Previous studies consistently indicate that spacing ratios within the range of s/D = 2–3 can improve the bearing capacity ratio (BCR) by approximately 50–100%. Numerical and experimental studies further demonstrate that SC systems can transfer nearly 60–80% of the applied load through stress concentration and soil arching mechanisms. Furthermore, the application of geosynthetic encasement enhances the performance of SCs in very soft soils by increasing confinement, reducing lateral deformation, and enhancing bearing capacity by nearly 3–6 times compared with ordinary SCs. The review also evaluates the growing role of artificial intelligence techniques in forecasting settlement and bearing capacity behavior. ML techniques such as artificial neural networks (ANN), support vector regression (SVR), random forest (RF), XGBoost, and hybrid metaheuristic–ML models have shown high predictive capability, often achieving prediction errors below 5%. Despite these advancements, many existing ML studies still suffer from limited datasets, a lack of generalization, and insufficient incorporation of physical mechanisms. Full article
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29 pages, 17010 KB  
Article
Resource-Aware Citrus Crop Mapping from Sentinel-2 Time Series Using a Pixel-Set Encoder Convolutional Neural Network for Sustainable Agricultural Monitoring
by Eduardo Vidoretti Argenton, Everton Gomede and Leonardo de Souza Mendes
Green 2026, 1(1), 5; https://doi.org/10.3390/green1010005 - 17 Jun 2026
Viewed by 123
Abstract
Context: Accurate citrus crop mapping is essential for agricultural monitoring, production planning, and supply-chain management, particularly in Brazil, one of the world’s leading orange producers and the leading orange-juice exporter. Satellite image time series from Sentinel-2 provide rich spectral and temporal information for [...] Read more.
Context: Accurate citrus crop mapping is essential for agricultural monitoring, production planning, and supply-chain management, particularly in Brazil, one of the world’s leading orange producers and the leading orange-juice exporter. Satellite image time series from Sentinel-2 provide rich spectral and temporal information for crop identification. However, citrus mapping remains challenging due to fragmented agricultural landscapes, cloud contamination, class imbalance, and spectral overlap with other vegetation classes. Problem: Conventional machine learning models often depend on handcrafted vegetation indices, while attention-based deep learning models may require larger datasets and can become unstable under geographically constrained conditions. Therefore, there is a need for a compact and robust deep learning architecture capable of extracting citrus phenological signatures directly from multispectral time-series data. Methods: This study evaluates a Spatio-Temporal Pixel-Set Encoder Convolutional Neural Network (PSE-CNN) for citrus crop classification in the immediate geographic regions of São João da Boa Vista and Mogi Guaçu, São Paulo, Brazil. MapBiomas Collection 10.1 data from 2019 to 2024 were used to derive reference polygons, and Sentinel-2 imagery was processed into cloud-masked, 15-day temporal composites using ten spectral bands. The proposed PSE-CNN was benchmarked against PSE-TAE, PSE-Transformer, Random Forest, and XGBoost using spatially grouped data partitioning and temporal test years. Results: The proposed PSE-CNN achieved the highest Unified F1-Score of 0.704 and the lowest coefficient of variation of 3.03%, indicating stronger inter-annual stability across test years and random seeds among the evaluated models. It also outperformed classical models that relied on handcrafted vegetation indices and demonstrated greater overall stability than attention-based deep learning alternatives. Conclusions: The results indicate that combining pixel-set encoding with temporal convolution provides a resource-aware and stable framework for retrospective citrus crop mapping from Sentinel-2 satellite image time series. These findings suggest that PSE-CNN can support scalable agricultural monitoring, contributing to sustainable crop inventory systems in regions where labeled data and computational infrastructure are limited. Full article
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26 pages, 1280 KB  
Article
Drosophila Optimization Algorithm Based on Chaotic Development Mechanism and Orthogonal Learning Strategy for Reservoir Optimization
by Rong Lv, Guofa Lei, Hanchao Liu, Yuhan Sun, Wenhua Wang and Xuebin Du
Biomimetics 2026, 11(6), 430; https://doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics11060430 (registering DOI) - 17 Jun 2026
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Abstract
Enhancing oil and gas production performance is essential for maintaining the economic sustainability of petroleum enterprises and meeting the increasing global energy requirements. In this context, subsurface production optimization constitutes a fundamental component of strategic reservoir management, directly affecting critical decisions such as [...] Read more.
Enhancing oil and gas production performance is essential for maintaining the economic sustainability of petroleum enterprises and meeting the increasing global energy requirements. In this context, subsurface production optimization constitutes a fundamental component of strategic reservoir management, directly affecting critical decisions such as well location design and the regulation of operational parameters. Nevertheless, conventional reservoir optimization approaches are frequently constrained by high computational costs and limited optimization effectiveness. To overcome these limitations, evolutionary algorithms have gained considerable attention for addressing complex optimization tasks, owing to their gradient-free nature and strong capability for parallel exploration. This paper proposes a chaotic exploitation orthogonal learning fruit fly optimization algorithm (COFOA) tailored for global optimization and oil and gas production optimization. Specifically, we integrate a chaotic exploitation mechanism and an orthogonal learning strategy to improve the balance between exploration and exploitation. Following the population update in FOA, the chaotic exploitation mechanism is first applied to help the population escape local optima and enhance search efficiency. Subsequently, the orthogonal learning strategy is employed to strengthen the algorithm’s exploitation capability. To evaluate the performance of the improved FOA, extensive experiments were conducted on benchmark functions from IEEE CEC 2017 and IEEE CEC 2022, including ablation studies, scalability tests and comparisons with state-of-the-art algorithms. The results demonstrate that the proposed FOA significantly outperforms competing algorithms in optimizing reservoir production. COFOA demonstrates consistent performance superiority over all compared algorithms in terms of mean NPV. Specifically, it achieves improvements of approximately 2.35% to 16.23% compared with existing methods. Notably, COFOA outperforms strong competitors such as mSCA and BLPSO by 2.35% and 3.81%, respectively, while achieving more significant gains over algorithms such as SCADE (15.31%) and CCMSCSA (16.23%). Even when compared with relatively competitive methods like HGWO and CCMWOA, COFOA still maintains performance improvements of 4.79% and 6.12%, respectively. These results clearly demonstrate the superior optimization capability of COFOA in terms of maximizing NPV under complex reservoir conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bio-Inspired Computation and Its Applications)
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18 pages, 3066 KB  
Entry
Strategic Autobiographical Narrative in Penitentiary Pedagogy
by Andrés González Novoa, María Lourdes C. González Luís, Pedro Perera Méndez and María Daniela Martín Hurtado
Encyclopedia 2026, 6(6), 135; https://doi.org/10.3390/encyclopedia6060135 - 16 Jun 2026
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Definition
Strategic Autobiographical Narrative is a pedagogical concept designating the deliberate and structured use of self-narration as a tool for learning, identity reconstruction and community engagement in contexts of social exclusion. Its strategic dimension lies in the conscious articulation of memory, language and transformative [...] Read more.
Strategic Autobiographical Narrative is a pedagogical concept designating the deliberate and structured use of self-narration as a tool for learning, identity reconstruction and community engagement in contexts of social exclusion. Its strategic dimension lies in the conscious articulation of memory, language and transformative action: converting lived experience into pedagogical material capable of resignifying biographical trajectories, sustaining the openness of identity to new readings, and projecting possible futures from a critical and communal perspective. The concept operates through three synchronic registers: as temporal mediation, reopening biographical time where institutions tend to freeze it; as identity mediation, sustaining the mobility of the self against classificatory fixation; and as relational mediation, creating the conditions for the intersubjective event of recognition within a space of non-judgmental listening. Against the disciplinary institution’s tendency to fix identity under a single classificatory reading, the concept recovers the subject’s capacity to reinscribe their past within an open narrative and project a future not prefigured by their carceral present. Its operational methodology is structured around the ELCEN method—listen, read, converse, write and narrate—and deploys diverse autobiographical pathways oriented toward both the reconstruction of the subject’s identity and the community’s sensibilisation in the process of social reintegration. At its core lies a conviction safeguarded by oral tradition for millennia before anyone theorised it: to narrate is to coexist. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Encyclopedia of Social Sciences)
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