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Search Results (8)

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Keywords = subgingival microflora

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16 pages, 2600 KiB  
Article
Effects of Combined Periodontal, Endodontic, and Dentoalveolar Surgical Treatments on Laboratory Parameters in Patients with Hyperlipidemia—A Clinical Interventional Study
by Renáta Martos, Mariann Harangi, Judit Szabó, Anett Földvári, János Sándor, Éva Katona, Ildikó Tar, György Paragh, Csongor Kiss and Ildikó Márton
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(1), 241; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14010241 - 3 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1284
Abstract
Background: Patients with hyperlipidemia are of interest because of the possible interplay between chronic local dental infections and hyperlipidemia. This interventional clinical study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of hyperlipidemic patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy for at least 6 months and the [...] Read more.
Background: Patients with hyperlipidemia are of interest because of the possible interplay between chronic local dental infections and hyperlipidemia. This interventional clinical study aimed to evaluate the oral health status of hyperlipidemic patients receiving lipid-lowering therapy for at least 6 months and the effects of non-surgical and surgical dental treatments on serum C-reactive protein (CRP) levels and lipid markers. Methods: Twenty-eight patients with controlled hyperlipidemia and 18 healthy controls were enrolled in the study. All participants underwent dental examinations (clinical evaluation, X-ray imaging, and microbial analysis of subgingival and supragingival plaque samples) at baseline. Hyperlipidemic patients received periodontal, endodontic, and dentoalveolar surgical treatments. Serum CRP and lipid parameters were assessed at baseline, 1 week, and 3 months, while subgingival and supragingival plaque samples were analyzed at baseline and 3 months after completing dental treatments. Results: At the 3-month follow-up, clinical periodontal characteristics, including the plaque index, gingival index, and periodontal probing depth, improved significantly (p < 0.05). A significant shift in microflora was observed in both subgingival and supragingival plaque samples (p < 0.05), alongside improvements in periodontal values and a significant reduction in serum CRP levels (p < 0.05). Serum cholesterol levels decreased significantly, while moderate improvements in serum triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein, and high-density lipoprotein levels were observed but were not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Treating local dental inflammation is associated with a significant decrease in CRP and cholesterol levels and may serve as beneficial adjunct therapy alongside lipid-lowering therapy in patients with hyperlipidemia. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Interaction Between Systemic Diseases and Oral Diseases)
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13 pages, 3774 KiB  
Systematic Review
Effect of Adjunctive Use of Probiotics in the Treatment of Peri-Implant Mucositis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
by Kelly Rocio Vargas Villafuerte, Cristhiam de Jesus Hernandez Martinez and Karina Oliveira Santos
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(19), 10940; https://doi.org/10.3390/app131910940 - 3 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2016
Abstract
This review was performed to analyze evidence from the scientific literature of the adjunctive effect of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM). Only randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotics as an adjunct to mechanical debridement in PiM were included. [...] Read more.
This review was performed to analyze evidence from the scientific literature of the adjunctive effect of probiotics in the treatment of peri-implant mucositis (PiM). Only randomized clinical trials evaluating the effect of probiotics as an adjunct to mechanical debridement in PiM were included. A search was performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, LILACS, ScienceDirect, and Web of Science to identify articles published in English up to January 2023. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the JADAD scale, and the risk of bias was assessed with the Cochrane Collaboration assessment tool. Of the 159 potentially relevant studies, only 9 studies were included. The most commonly used strain was Lactobacillus reuteri, and the meta-analysis was conducted on studies with a follow-up period of 3 to 6 months, observing an overall effect on the reduction of bleeding on probing (BOP) at 3 and 6 months (WMD = −1.13, 95% CI = −1.95 to −0.30, p = 0.007; and WMD = −1.32, 95% CI = −2.15 to −0.48, p = 0.002), plaque index (PI) at 3 months (WMD = −1.22, 95% CI = −2.25 to −0.19, p = 0.02), and probing pocket depth (PPD) at 3 and 6 months, which was statistically significant in favor of the probiotic group (WMD = −1.34, 95% CI = −2.42 to −0.25, p = 0.02 and WMD = −1.36, 95% CI = −2.61 to −0.11, p = 0.03). On the other hand, there were no significant changes in the subgingival microflora around the implants with the use of probiotics. Probiotic therapy, as an adjunct to mechanical debridement, promotes a greater reduction in BOP, PPD, and PI, in relation to the control group without probiotics. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Applied Dentistry and Oral Sciences)
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20 pages, 2273 KiB  
Review
Evidence on the Use of Mouthwash for the Control of Supragingival Biofilm and Its Potential Adverse Effects
by Shoji Takenaka, Maki Sotozono, Naoto Ohkura and Yuichiro Noiri
Antibiotics 2022, 11(6), 727; https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics11060727 - 28 May 2022
Cited by 21 | Viewed by 9681
Abstract
Antimicrobial mouthwash improves supragingival biofilm control when used in conjunction with mechanical removal as part of an oral hygiene routine. Mouthwash is intended to suppress bacterial adhesion during biofilm formation processes and is not aimed at mature biofilms. The most common evidence-based effects [...] Read more.
Antimicrobial mouthwash improves supragingival biofilm control when used in conjunction with mechanical removal as part of an oral hygiene routine. Mouthwash is intended to suppress bacterial adhesion during biofilm formation processes and is not aimed at mature biofilms. The most common evidence-based effects of mouthwash on the subgingival biofilm include the inhibition of biofilm accumulation and its anti-gingivitis property, followed by its cariostatic activities. There has been no significant change in the strength of the evidence over the last decade. A strategy for biofilm control that relies on the elimination of bacteria may cause a variety of side effects. The exposure of mature oral biofilms to mouthwash is associated with several possible adverse reactions, such as the emergence of resistant strains, the effects of the residual structure, enhanced pathogenicity following retarded penetration, and ecological changes to the microbiota. These concerns require further elucidation. This review aims to reconfirm the intended effects of mouthwash on oral biofilm control by summarizing systematic reviews from the last decade and to discuss the limitations of mouthwash and potential adverse reactions to its use. In the future, the strategy for oral biofilm control may shift to reducing the biofilm by detaching it or modulating its quality, rather than eliminating it, to preserve the benefits of the normal resident oral microflora. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Strategies against Bacterial Biofilm Formation)
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11 pages, 586 KiB  
Article
Effect of Locally Delivered Minocycline on the Profile of Subgingival Bacterial Genera in Patients with Periodontitis: A Prospective Pilot Study
by Toshiya Morozumi, Yohei Nakayama, Satoshi Shirakawa, Kentaro Imamura, Kaname Nohno, Takatoshi Nagano, Haruna Miyazawa, Takahiro Hokari, Ryo Takuma, Shuntaro Sugihara, Kazuhiro Gomi, Atsushi Saito, Yorimasa Ogata and Motohiro Komaki
Biomolecules 2022, 12(5), 719; https://doi.org/10.3390/biom12050719 - 18 May 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3703
Abstract
This prospective pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of minocycline-HCl ointment (MO), locally delivered as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP), on subgingival microflora. A total of 59 periodontitis patients received SRP as an initial periodontal therapy. In the selected [...] Read more.
This prospective pilot study aimed to evaluate the effect of minocycline-HCl ointment (MO), locally delivered as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP), on subgingival microflora. A total of 59 periodontitis patients received SRP as an initial periodontal therapy. In the selected periodontal pockets with probing depths (PD) of 6–9 mm, the sites that exhibited a positive reaction following a bacterial test using an immunochromatographic device were subsequently treated with MO (SRP + MO group, n = 25). No additional treatment was performed at sites showing a negative reaction (SRP group, n = 34). In addition to subgingival plaque sampling, measurement of clinical parameters including PD, clinical attachment level (CAL), bleeding on probing (BOP), plaque index and gingival index (GI) were performed at baseline and 4 weeks after the initial periodontal therapy. The subgingival microflora were assessed by terminal restriction fragment-length polymorphism analysis. Relative to baseline values, the mean scores for PD-, CAL-, BOP-, and GI-sampled sites were significantly decreased post treatment in both groups (p < 0.01). The intra-comparisons showed a significant decrease in the counts of the genera Eubacterium, Parvimonas, Filifactor, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, Porphyromonas, Prevotella, and unknown species in the SRP + MO group (p < 0.05). Inter-comparisons indicated a significant decrease in the genera Veillonella in the SRP + MO group (p = 0.01). Combination therapy of SRP and local MO induced a change in the subgingival microbial community: particularly, the number of Veillonella spp. was markedly reduced. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Basic and Clinical Periodontal Research)
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14 pages, 703 KiB  
Review
The Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification Technique in Periodontal Diagnostics: A Systematic Review
by Marcin Lenkowski, Kacper Nijakowski, Mariusz Kaczmarek and Anna Surdacka
J. Clin. Med. 2021, 10(6), 1189; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm10061189 - 12 Mar 2021
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 3697
Abstract
The course of periodontal disease is affected by many factors; however, the most significant are the dysbiotic microflora, showing different pathogenicity levels. Rapid colonization in the subgingival environment can radically change the clinical state of the periodontium. This systematic review aims to present [...] Read more.
The course of periodontal disease is affected by many factors; however, the most significant are the dysbiotic microflora, showing different pathogenicity levels. Rapid colonization in the subgingival environment can radically change the clinical state of the periodontium. This systematic review aims to present an innovative technique of loop-mediated isothermal amplification for rapid panel identification of bacteria in periodontal diseases. The decisive advantage of the loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) technique in relation to molecular methods based on the identification of nucleic acids (such as polymerase chain reaction (PCR or qPCR) is the ability to determine more pathogens simultaneously, as well as with higher sensitivity. In comparison with classical microbiological seeding techniques, the use of the LAMP method shortens a few days waiting time to a few minutes, reducing the time necessary to identify the species and determine the number of microorganisms. The LAMP technology requires only a small hardware base; hence it is possible to use it in outpatient settings. The developed technique provides the possibility of almost immediate assessment of periodontal status and, above all, risk assessment of complications during the treatment (uncontrolled spread of inflammation), which can certainly be of key importance in clinical work. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Dentistry, Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine)
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9 pages, 623 KiB  
Article
Effect of Anti-Rheumatic Treatment on the Periodontal Condition of Rheumatoid Arthritis Patients
by Menke J. de Smit, Johanna Westra, Marcel D. Posthumus, Gerald Springer, Arie Jan van Winkelhoff, Arjan Vissink, Elisabeth Brouwer and Marc Bijl
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(5), 2529; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18052529 - 4 Mar 2021
Cited by 19 | Viewed by 3173
Abstract
Periodontitis, a bacterial-induced infection of the supporting soft and hard tissues of the teeth (the periodontium), is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As RA and periodontitis underlie common inflammatory pathways, targeting the progression of RA might mediate both periodontitis and RA. [...] Read more.
Periodontitis, a bacterial-induced infection of the supporting soft and hard tissues of the teeth (the periodontium), is common in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). As RA and periodontitis underlie common inflammatory pathways, targeting the progression of RA might mediate both periodontitis and RA. On the other hand, patients with RA on immunosuppressive medication have an increased risk of infection. Therefore, the objective of this longitudinal observation study was to assess the effect of methotrexate (MTX) and anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (anti-TNF, etanercept) treatment on the periodontal condition of RA patients. Overall, 14 dentate treatment-naive RA patients starting with MTX and 12 dentate RA patients starting with anti-TNF therapy in addition to MTX were included. Follow-up was scheduled matching the routine protocol for the respective treatments. Prior to the anti-rheumatic treatment with MTX or the anti-TNF therapy in addition to MTX, and during follow-up, i.e., 2 months for MTX, and 3 and 6 months for the anti-TNF therapy in addition to MTX, the periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) was measured. The efficacy of the anti-rheumatic treatment was assessed by determining the change in RA disease activity (DAS28-ESR). Furthermore, the erythrocyte sedimentation rates were determined and the levels of C-reactive protein, IgM-rheumatoid factor, anti-cyclic citrullinated protein antibodies, and antibodies to the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, were measured. Subgingival sampling and microbiological characterization of the subgingival microflora was done at baseline. MTX or anti-TNF treatment did not result in an improvement of the periodontal condition, while both treatments significantly improved DAS28 scores (both p < 0.01), and reduced C-reactive protein levels and erythrocyte sedimentation rates (both p < 0.05). It is concluded that anti-rheumatic treatment (MTX and anti-TNF) has negligible influence on the periodontal condition of RA patients. Full article
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10 pages, 479 KiB  
Article
Relationship between Fixed Dental Crowns and Volatile Sulphur Compounds
by Hamad Alzoman, Syed Rashid Habib, Sultan Alghamdi, Hebah Al-Juhani, Rawan Daabash, Wijdan Al-Khalid, Mansour Al-Askar and Sulieman Al-Johany
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2021, 18(3), 1283; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18031283 - 1 Feb 2021
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3010
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the level of halitosis in patients with/without fixed crowns and in addition the influence of various crown parameters on halitosis was also explored. Methods: In total, 96 subjects (fixed crowns = 52; [...] Read more.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the level of halitosis in patients with/without fixed crowns and in addition the influence of various crown parameters on halitosis was also explored. Methods: In total, 96 subjects (fixed crowns = 52; no crowns = 44) participated in the study. The levels volatile sulphur compounds (VSCs) of hydrogen sulphide (H2S), methyl mercaptan (CH3SH), and dimethyl sulphide (CH3SCH3) were evaluated with breath samples using gas chromatography and used for classification as presence or absence of halitosis. The periodontal clinical parameters for all the participants as well as the crown parameters for participants with fixed crowns were also evaluated. Cross tabulation, Chi-square test, and one-way analysis of variance tests were used for the statistical analysis and comparisons. Results: Breath samples revealed, 50 (52.1%) participants were suffering from halitosis. Out of VSCs, the level of CH3SCH3 (62.5%) was found to be the most prevalent. Significant correlations were observed between the presence of fixed crowns and oral halitosis (p < 0.001). Statistically significant difference in the concentration of H2S and CH3SH (p < 0.001) and no significance for CH3SCH3 (p = 0.075) between patients with/without fixed crowns was found. The presence of halitosis was more prevalent in the subjects with crown parameters (subgingival margin, over-contoured margin, open-crown margin, over-contoured and under-contoured crowns) considered clinically defective/unacceptable (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Presence of fixed dental crowns significantly contributes to the oral halitosis. Dental crowns with defects significantly impair the hygienic conditions and oral microflora resulting in high prevalence of halitosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Oral Health and Diseases)
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10 pages, 300 KiB  
Article
Microbiological and biochemical characteristics of inflammatory tissues in the periodontium
by Algimantas Šurna, Jurgina Sakalauskienė, Astra Vitkauskienė and Viktoras Šaferis
Medicina 2008, 44(3), 201; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina44030026 - 10 Mar 2008
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 1170
Abstract
Objective. To investigate bacterial populations in subgingival and supragingival plaque samples of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases and activities of the lysosomal enzymes – lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and b-glucuronidase – in peripheral venous blood, in gingival crevicular fluid, and mixed nonstimulated saliva. [...] Read more.
Objective. To investigate bacterial populations in subgingival and supragingival plaque samples of patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases and activities of the lysosomal enzymes – lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and b-glucuronidase – in peripheral venous blood, in gingival crevicular fluid, and mixed nonstimulated saliva.
Methods and materials.
The study included 60 patients with inflammatory periodontal diseases without any internal pathology and 24 periodontally healthy subjects. Molecular genetic assay (Micro-IDent plus, Germany) for complex identification of additional six periodontopathic bacteria was applied. The activity of lysozyme was determined turbidimetrically, the activity of alkaline phosphatase – spectrophotometrically with a “Monarch” biochemical analyzer, the activity b-glucuronidase – according to the method described by Mead et al. and modified by Strachunskii.
Results
. A statistically significant association between clinical and bacteriological data was found in the following cases: gingival bleeding in the presence of Eubacterium nodatum, Eikenella corrodens, Capnocytophaga spp. (P<0.01); pathological periodontal pockets in the presence of Peptostreptococcus micros (α≤0.05 and β≤0.2), Fusobacterium nucleatum (α≤0.05 and β≤0.2), Campylobacter rectus (α≤0.05 and β≤0.2), and Capnocytophaga spp. (P<0.05); and satisfactory oral hygiene in the presence of all microorganisms investigated (P<0.05). The activity of lysozyme in gingival crevicular fluid and mixed nonstimulated saliva indicates the severity of periodontal inflammation. Based on clinical data, in assessing the amount of lysozyme in mixed nonstimulated saliva, sensitivity and specificity of 100% was found. Increased activities of lysozyme, alkaline phosphatase, and b-glucuronidase were found in peripheral venous blood of patients with inflammatory periodontal disease as compared to control group.
Conclusions.
The main principles of the treatment of periodontal inflammatory diseases should be based on microorganism elimination, creation of individual treatment means affecting microflora in the mouth and immune system of macroorganisms. Full article
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