In the present study, the relevance of the airflow to the response time of the smoke detector has been investigated regarding the different air purifier locations by Fire Dynamics Simulator (FDS). Particular attention has been devoted to the impact o...
Inhalation and exhaust fans are installed inside a distribution panel for cooling. However, in the event of fire inside the panel, these fans change the flow of smoke, which interferes with quick detection by fire sensors installed on the panel ceili...
Due to the complex structure of high-rise space buildings, traditional point fire detectors are not effective in terms of detection range and installation difficulty. Although linear beam smoke detectors are widely adopted, they still face problems s...
The obscuration thresholds for various smoke detectors and combustibles, required as an input parameter in fire simulation, were measured to predict the accurate activation time of detectors. One ionization detector and nine photoelectric detectors w...
A fire in the cargo compartment has a major impact on civil aviation flight safety, and according to the airworthiness clause of the CCAR-25, the detector must sound an alarm within 1 min of a fire in the cargo compartment. As for the cargo compartme...
Point-type smoke fire detectors have become one of the most commonly used technical means in the fire detection systems of ancient buildings. However, in practical applications, their performance is easily affected by special environmental interferen...
Smoke detectors face the challenges of increasing accuracy, sensitivity, and high reliability in complex use environments to ensure the timeliness, accuracy, and reliability of very early fire detection. The improvement in and innovation of the princ...
The paper introduces a new FireAndSmoke open dataset comprising over 22,000 images and 93,000 distinct instances compiled from 1200 YouTube videos and public Internet resources. The scenes include separate and combined fire and smoke scenarios and a...
In performance-based design for domestic buildings, there is a growing need for real-time comparison between the Available Safe Egress Time and Required Safe Egress Time through the integration of fire and evacuation simulations. Therefore, the utili...
In 2019, the European Committee for Standardization (CEN) initiated work on the preparation of a strategy for air quality monitoring at workplaces. The aim was to determine the concentrations of nano-objects and their aggregates and agglomerates (NOA...
Existing fire smoke detectors use the intensity of scattering light or the light extinction coefficient as the indicator of fire smoke to trigger fire alarms. However, false fire alarms could be triggered by dust and water fog. Achieving reliable ear...
Photoelectric smoke detectors are used for early detection of building fires, and sensitivity adjustment is generally performed using white smoke generated by the burning of filter paper. Therefore, when black smoke of the same concentration is intro...
Photoelectric smoke detectors (SDs) often emit false alarms in studio-type apartments, where fire prevention is crucial. This study investigates the response characteristics of conventional and analog smoke detection factors to reduce false positives...
A fire during manned space exploration can cause serious casualties and disrupt the mission if the initial response is delayed. Therefore, measurement technology that can detect fire in the early stage of ignition is important. There have been a numb...
Smoke detectors play a vital role in evacuation and safety during fire incidents, as they directly contribute to the reliability and accuracy of firefighting systems. However, if not installed properly, smoke detectors can trigger unwanted fire alarm...
A novel sensing device for fire detection in domestic environments is presented. The fire detector uses a combination of several sensors that not only detect smoke, but discriminate between different types of smoke. This feature avoids false alarms a...
Directly measuring particulate matters (PM) from chimneys in an industrial park is difficult due to it being hard to reach the peak heights. A self-developed PM detector on an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) had been deployed to directly measure the PM...
The laser transmitter and photoelectric receiver are the core modules of the detector in a laser proximity fuse, whose performance variability can affect the accuracy of target detection and identification. In particular, there is no study on the eff...
In previous studies, fire detection models that only differentiate between fire and smoke are presented. However, a high false detection rate occurs because of confusion between smoke and fog. In this study, a novel method is proposed to effectively...
With the growing popularity of leisure activities such as camping and glamping, the incidence of fires at camping sites has increased. This study focuses on improving the effectiveness of photoelectric fire alarm devices by incorporating temperature...
Fire safety in heritage buildings is a major challenge. It is necessary to find effective solutions that minimise damage to the protected building and do not cause damage or diminish the aesthetic value of the building. This requires not only special...
Current optical fire smoke detectors use scattering light intensity as an indicator of smoke concentration and trigger fire alarms when the intensity exceeds a threshold value. However, such detectors are prone to false alarms caused by non-fire aero...
Smoke detectors are the most widely used fire detectors due to their high sensitivity. However, they have persistently faced issues with false alarms, known as nuisance alarms, as they cannot distinguish smoke particles, and their responsiveness vari...
Photoelectric smoke detectors are the most cost-effective devices for very early warning fire alarms. However, due to the different light intensity response values of different kinds of fire smoke and interference from interferential aerosols, they h...
A fire detector is the most important component in a fire alarm system. Herein, we present the feasibility of a highly sensitive and rapid response gas sensor based on metal oxides as a high performance fire detector. The glancing angle deposition (G...
This paper presents experimental research findings for those involved in the early phase of fire in office buildings. Class A model fires with a reaction area from 5 cm2 to 300 cm2 were chosen for investigation. To mock up a fire, the following combu...
The aspirating smoke detector (ASD) is one of the most critical pieces of equipment for detecting smoke in a protected area when a fire occurs. It has more advantages than a conventional smoke detector because it can be used in extreme conditions, su...
Fire detection primarily relies on sensors such as smoke detectors, heat detectors, and flame detectors. However, due to cost constraints, it is impractical to deploy such a large number of sensors for fire detection in outdoor gardens and landscapes...
To reduce the loss induced by forest fires, it is very important to detect the forest fire smoke in real time so that early and timely warning can be issued. Machine vision and image processing technology is widely used for detecting forest fire smok...
Early wildfire smoke detection is critical for preventing small ignitions from escalating into large-scale fires, yet early-stage smoke plumes are often faint, low-contrast, and spatially small. When full-resolution frames are resized to satisfy fixe...
This work considers using camera sensors to detect fire smoke. Static features including texture, wavelet, color, edge orientation histogram, irregularity, and dynamic features including motion direction, change of motion direction and motion speed,...
Early detection of small-scale fires is crucial for minimizing damage and enabling rapid emergency response. While recent deep learning-based fire detection systems have achieved high accuracy, they still face three key challenges: (1) limited deploy...
The external wind can change smoke movement patterns inside the staircase and affect smoke exhaust efficiency. This paper analyzes the smoke back-layering phenomenon in the staircase with open stair doors below the fire floor. The effect of the open...
Typical fire monitoring and warning systems use a single smoke detector that is connected to a fire management system to give early warnings before the fire spreads out up to a damaging level. However, it is found that only smoke detector-based fire...
Indoor fire detection using gas chemical sensing has been a subject of investigation since the early nineties. This approach leverages the fact that, for certain types of fire, chemical volatiles appear before smoke particles do. Hence, systems based...
A series of cone calorimetry experiments and simultaneous gravimetric sampling and light extinction (GSLE) measurements were performed to determine the optical properties (light obscuration and extinction characteristics) of smoke particulates produc...
The primary objective of the current fire protection system in high-rise buildings is to extinguish fires in close proximity to the detectors. However, in the event of rapidly spreading fires, it is more effective to limit the transmission of fire an...
As the need for wildfire detection increases, research on wildfire smoke detection combining low-cost cameras and deep learning technology is increasing. Camera-based wildfire smoke detection is inexpensive, allowing for a quick detection, and allows...
In Canada, early fire detection is an important component of wildfire management, and it utilizes a combined effort approach including public reports, aviation patrols, and satellite observations. The role of ground-based continuous smoke sensors has...
Electrical cables are a potential source of ignition and fire hazards in various types of buildings and industrial installations, as well as in all modes of transportation, including aircraft. Fires in buildings pose the greatest threat to human life...
Fire perception based on machine vision is essential for improving social safety. Object recognition based on deep learning has become the mainstream smoke and flame recognition method. However, the existing anchor-based smoke and flame recognition a...
Fire is a significant security threat that can lead to casualties, property damage, and environmental damage. Despite the availability of object-detection algorithms, challenges persist in detecting fires, smoke, and humans. These challenges include...
Chemical sensing may be better suited than conventional smoke-based detectors for the detection of certain type of fires, in particular in fires where smoke appears after gas emissions. However, chemical-based systems also respond to non-fire scenari...
Forest fires pose severe challenges to forest management because of their unpredictability, extensive harm, broad impact, and rescue complexities. Early smoke detection is pivotal for prompt intervention and damage mitigation. Combining deep learning...
Wildfire poses a significant threat and is considered a severe natural disaster, which endangers forest resources, wildlife, and human livelihoods. In recent times, there has been an increase in the number of wildfire incidents, and both human involv...
Our work presents a laser fuze detector structure with a four-channel center-symmetrical emitting laser under the influence of the three-dimensional (3D) and spatial properties of smoke clouds, which was used to improve the laser fuze’s anti-smoke in...
Forest fires continue to pose a significant threat to public and personal safety. Detecting smoke in its early stages or when it is distant from the camera is challenging because it appears in only a small region of the captured images. This paper pr...
One of the most expensive and fatal natural disasters in the world is forest fires. For this reason, early discovery of forest fires helps minimize mortality and harm to ecosystems and forest life. The present research enriches the body of knowledge...
25 June 2021
Investigating the spatial distribution patterns of disease and suspected determinants could help one to understand health risks. This study investigated the potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 mortality in the continental United States. W...
Smoking detection in indoor work sites is challenging due to posture variability, object occlusion, poor lighting, and the small size of cigarettes. These factors hinder the extraction of reliable pose-aware features. Such features include hand&ndash...
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