Search Results (14,693)

Modern agrochemicals support crop productivity and food security, yet their residues, transformation products and formulation components can move through the agro-food chain and affect plants, soil organisms, wildlife, livestock and people. This review addresses a persistent gap in the literature: most existing assessments examine single compounds, single organisms or single environmental compartments in isolation, whereas real-world exposure spans the entire agro-food chain and connects plant, animal, environmental and human health. To address this gap, this review was designed as an integrative, One-Health-oriented synthesis of the original evidence assembled on organophosphate, neonicotinoid and glyphosate-based products, covering environmental fate, exposure pathways, molecular toxicity, non-target effects and ecosystem consequences. The main body of work consists of a structured literature research and comparative evidence assessment across laboratory, mesocosm and field studies, from which a cross-level evaluation was constructed: oxidative stress, neurotoxocity, endocrine and immune disruption, soil microbiome alteration, pollinator and aquatic biodiversity loss, food and feed residues, antimicrobial-resistance pathways and insecticide resistance affecting disease vectors. Particular attention is given to formulation effects, mixtures, chronic low-dose exposure and the distinction between contaminant removal, transformation, detoxification and mineralisation. Finally, the review evaluates integrated pest management, precision application, biological control, phytoremediation, nanotechnology-assisted treatment and synthetic-biology-enabled bioremediation. The synthesis identifies evidence gaps in field-scale validation, mixture toxicity, One Health surveillance and regulatory integration and proposes priorities for safer agrochemical use, environmental monitoring and ecosystem-based risk reduction. Full article

The per-switch condition monitoring of insulated-gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) underpins condition-based inverter maintenance, yet existing approaches collapse the six-switch state space into one system-level label, leaving individual devices unresolved. This paper presents a Continuous Wavelet Transform Multi-Task Network (CWT-MTNet), a lightweight convolutional network that predicts the four-class aging state (Healthy, Mild, Moderate, or Severe) of all six switches from one CWT-based RGB image whose channels carry the scalograms of three symmetrical-component deviation signals. Five Depthwise Separable Convolution (DS-Conv) blocks and six classification heads give 172 K parameters in a 0.7 MB footprint—a 21-fold reduction over MobileNet-v2—within the on-chip memory of an embedded inverter controller, a footprint comparison rather than a demonstrated implementation. Trained from scratch on 15,625 samples spanning all $5^6$ state combinations, it attains 98.15 ± 0.33% accuracy and 95.81 ± 0.82% Mild recall over five seeds: within 0.84 percentage points of MobileNet-v2 in accuracy, statistically indistinguishable in Mild recall, at one twenty-first of the parameters. Scratch training outperforms ImageNet pretraining, indicating a domain mismatch with CWT scalograms. Multi-task gradient conflict costs ResNet-18 42.1 points of Mild recall under six-head operation; DS-Conv architectures change by at most 3.3. Grad-CAM attributes this to distributed time–frequency attention; Mild-to-Healthy confusion is the dominant safety risk. A representation ablation shows the CWT recovers 2.4 of the 4.0 points lost by discarding phase and makes per-switch accuracy twelve times more uniform, without being necessary here. Independent sensor noise at 0.5% of the phase RMS exceeds the aging signature sixfold and defeats every encoding examined, so the pipeline requires coherent averaging at the acquisition front end. Full article

Campus sexual violence has been the subject of more than five decades of research, yet prevention on college campuses has repeatedly failed to reflect what feminist theory and scholarship offered as the causes of violence. This historically organized narrative review traces how feminist theory, empirical research, prevention programming, and institutional policy co-evolved from the 1970s to the early 2020s. We argue that a persistent pattern runs through this history. Feminist scholarship increasingly located sexual violence in power, patriarchy, intersectionality, and structural inequality, and empirical research increasingly examined perpetrators’ attitudes and the rape-supportive beliefs that sustain violence alongside prevalence and individual risk. Yet campus prevention rarely built on this work. As prevention strategies shifted from women’s self-defense to consent education, rape myth reduction, and bystander intervention, they continued to place responsibility on individual students rather than the beliefs and structural conditions that enable gendered violence. Given what both feminist theory and empirical research had already established, these represent missed opportunities for prevention capable of addressing the structural causes of campus sexual violence. We conclude by calling for a research and prevention agenda grounded in feminist criminology. This locates the causes of campus sexual violence in gendered power, institutional conditions, and structural inequality rather than in the behaviors of those most likely to be harmed. Full article

Ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI) is a clinically important consequence of blood-flow restoration after ischemia and contributes to tissue damage across multiple organ systems. This critical review evaluates the preclinical evidence for BPC 157 in rodent IRI and related reperfusion-associated vascular injury models, with particular attention to oxidative stress, endothelial and nitric oxide (NO)-related responses, inflammation, apoptosis, angiogenic signaling, and tissue injury. Searches were performed up to 24 June 2026 across PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science Core Collection, Scopus, PMC, publisher/DOI metadata, ClinicalTrials.gov, FDA materials, and WADA materials. Peer-reviewed rodent studies involving conventional organ-specific IRI or reperfusion-associated systemic injury were evaluated as the core IRI/reperfusion evidence according to the experimental model, BPC 157 dose, route and timing, measured outcomes, and methodological limitations, while selected major-vessel occlusion models were considered separately as related in vivo vascular evidence. Endothelial, vascular-ring, human ex vivo, and regulatory/clinical sources were used as contextual evidence rather than as evidence of IRI efficacy. Meta-analysis was not performed because of substantial heterogeneity in organ systems, injury paradigms, doses, routes, treatment timing, and outcome measures. Across the available rodent literature, BPC 157 administration has been associated with attenuation of oxidative injury, modulation of NO-related vascular responses, reductions in inflammatory and apoptotic markers, and changes in VEGF/VEGFR2–Akt–eNOS-related signaling. Organ-specific findings include biochemical, molecular, and histological protection in lower-extremity skeletal-muscle IRI; attenuation of distant-organ injury following limb IRI; neuronal and functional effects in hippocampal IRI; vascular and tissue-protective responses in intestinal/colonic IRI; and hemodynamic and histological effects in hepatic Pringle-maneuver IRI. However, the evidence base remains heterogeneous and frequently relies on short observation periods, single-dose paradigms, and incompletely characterized risk-of-bias domains. Reperfusion-like systemic and major-vessel occlusion models provide additional mechanistic context but should not be considered equivalent to conventional organ-specific IRI. Current evidence therefore supports BPC 157 as a hypothesis-generating investigational candidate for further preclinical IRI research rather than as an established therapy. Independent blinded replication, dose–response and therapeutic-window studies, pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic characterization, rigorous toxicology, and ultimately controlled human studies would be required before clinical translation could be considered. Full article

Phosphorus (P) leaching from dryland from purple soils poses a significant risk to water quality, yet effective mitigation strategies and their underlying microbial mechanisms remain poorly understood. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of biochar (B), a silicon-based conditioner (Si), and their combination (BSi) in controlling P leaching, hypothesizing that B would immobilize P while Si would mobilize it. The indoor soil column leaching experiments were conducted with four treatments (CK, B, Si, BSi), measuring leachate P fractions and soil P forms, and employed metagenomic sequencing combined with partial least-squares path modeling (PLS-PM) and Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) to explore microbial functional mechanisms. Results showed that B alone reduced cumulative leaching of inorganic P (IP), organic P (OP), and total P (TP) by a range of 5.4–6.3%, while increasing available phosphorus (Olsen-P) by 39.4% in the surface layer. Si and BSi promoted leaching, with BSi reducing available P sharply, despite raising TP. Metagenomic analysis revealed that B suppressed subsurface IP solubilization genes (e.g., gcd, ppx) and optimized OP mineralization, whereas Si inhibited mineralization via reducing key microbial taxa. BSEM further identified water-soluble P (Water-P) and total nitrogen (TN) as direct positive drivers of inorganic P dissolution. Collectively, the key biological mechanisms for leaching reduction involve inhibiting subsurface IP solubilization, optimizing surface OP mineralization, and enhancing P transport/starvation responses. Collectively, biochar applied alone offers the optimal balance between P retention and crop-available P supply in dryland purple soils, and provides mechanistic insights—through functional gene profiling—that can inform the design of more sustainable P fertilization and leaching control practices. Full article

Background/Objectives: Emergence delirium (ED) is common after sevoflurane anesthesia in children undergoing otolaryngologic surgery. Remimazolam is an ultra-short-acting benzodiazepine that may reduce ED without delaying recovery. This study evaluated the effect of a single remimazolam bolus administered at the end of surgery on ED in children undergoing tonsillectomy and/or adenoidectomy. Methods: In this prospective, randomized, triple-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 110 children aged 3–9 years with American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I received remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg (n = 57) or an equal volume of normal saline (n = 53) immediately after discontinuation of sevoflurane and before extubation. The primary outcome was ED at extubation, defined as a Pediatric Anesthesia Emergence Delirium (PAED) score ≥ 10. Secondary outcomes included Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, and Consolability (FLACC) scores, emergence time, early recovery, postoperative vomiting, and airway complications. Results: ED occurred in 1 of 57 children (1.8%) receiving remimazolam and in 11 of 53 children (20.8%) receiving placebo (p = 0.002). The absolute risk reduction was 19.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.5–31.8), the relative risk was 0.08 (95% CI, 0.01–0.63), and the number needed to treat was 6. The overall distribution of FLACC scores at extubation differed between groups (p = 0.047), with FLACC scores of 0 occurring more frequently in the remimazolam group. Median emergence time was 10 min in both groups, and all children achieved a modified Aldrete score > 8 within 15 min. Postoperative vomiting was assessed through 30 min; the comparison at 5 min showed no significant between-group difference. Airway complications also did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusions: A single intravenous bolus of remimazolam 0.1 mg/kg administered at the end of surgery significantly reduced PAED-defined ED without prolonging emergence or delaying early postoperative recovery. Full article

Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is a nutritious leafy vegetable rich in phenolic compounds, vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber. However, pesticide residues remaining after cultivation may pose risks to human health, making effective post-harvest decontamination treatments necessary. This study investigated the effects of different washing treatments 5% sodium bicarbonate (SB), 5% acetic acid (AA), 5% citric acid (CA), a mixture containing 2.5% acetic acid and 2.5% citric acid (AA-CA), tap water washing (TW), and ultrasound-assisted washing for 5, 10, and 15 min (US-5′, US-10′, and US-15′, respectively) on pesticide residue reduction and quality characteristics of purslane. This study used an artificial surface contamination model with a 4 h holding period before washing. Residue analyses of acetamiprid, cypermethrin, imidacloprid, and propargite were performed by LC-MS/MS and GC-MS/MS using the QuEChERS extraction method. The antioxidant capacity and total phenolic content of the SB sample were significantly lower than those of the other treatments. Color analysis showed significantly higher ΔE* values in the SB sample. Acidic treatments generally resulted in higher TA% and lower pH and chlorophyll contents than the other treatments. Depending on the pesticide and washing treatment, residue reduction efficiencies ranged from 6.33% to 72.22%. Ultrasound-assisted washing (UAW) provided a favorable balance between residue reduction and preservation of several quality attributes, including total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant capacity, total flavonoid content (TFC), color, and chlorophyll contents in purslane. These results indicate that ultrasound-assisted washing, particularly the 5 min treatment, provided a favorable balance between pesticide residue reduction and preservation of several quality attributes; however, longer ultrasound exposure was associated with deterioration of some quality characteristics, particularly firmness and weight loss. Full article

Reverse path tracking of multi-trailer systems is challenging because tractor steering affects the following bodies only through passive hitch joints, causing tracking-error propagation and increasing the risk of jackknifing. This paper proposes a backstepping-based recursive virtual-heading (BS-RVH) controller that converts the path-tracking error of the final trailer into a desired heading rate and recursively generates the desired hitch angles, preceding-body heading rates, and tractor steering command. Desired hitch-angle saturation is included, and local boundedness and the effect of saturation residuals are analyzed. For a tractor–two-trailer system, BS-RVH achieves lateral root-mean-square errors of 0.015 m, 0.021 m, and 0.013 m on the S-curve, circular, and figure-eight paths, respectively. These values represent reductions of 93.0–93.4% compared with the curvature-based controller. The maximum absolute hitch angles remain below 12°, and all paths reach the predefined 99.5% completion threshold without jackknifing. An additional tractor–three-trailer evaluation completes the same paths without jackknifing, with lateral root-mean-square errors ranging from 0.073 m to 0.112 m. These results demonstrate the effectiveness and stage-wise extensibility of BS-RVH under low-speed kinematic conditions. Full article

Background/Objectives: Despite the high prevalence of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathic pain (CIPNp), its management remains challenging, and reliable preventive strategies are still lacking. Current treatment is largely symptomatic and often provides only modest benefits, as available pharmacological therapies have shown limited and inconsistent efficacy. In this context, acupuncture has been investigated as a non-pharmacological intervention, but the certainty and clinical applicability of the available evidence remain unclear. This critical narrative review examines the clinical evidence, mechanistic plausibility, and current research gaps concerning acupuncture for CIPNp. Methods: A non-systematic narrative review was conducted with preference given to peer-reviewed articles published in English, including clinical trials, systematic reviews, meta-analyses, clinical guidelines, mechanistic studies, and narrative reviews considered relevant to the objectives. Publications were not selected according to a predefined systematic protocol, and no formal quality assessment, risk-of-bias analysis, or meta-analysis was performed. The extracted information was organized thematically rather than quantitatively. Results: Clinical trials and evidence syntheses suggest that acupuncture may be associated with reductions in pain and sensory symptoms in some patients with CIPN. However, confidence in these findings is limited by small samples sizes, heterogeneous acupuncture protocols, variable comparators and outcome measures, and limited long-term follow-up. Much of the proposed mechanistic rationale derives from animal models or human studies in non-CIPN pain conditions. Conclusions: Acupuncture may be considered a monitored adjunctive option for selected patients with persistent CIPNp. More rigorous and adequately powered trials are required to determine efficacy, optimal treatment protocols, durability of benefit, and potential treatment-response modifiers. Full article

Background/Objectives: Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE) infections represent a critical global health threat with limited therapeutic options and high mortality rates. Novel β-lactam/β-lactamase inhibitor (BL/BLI) combinations have emerged, but their comparative impact on survival versus best available therapy (BAT) remains to be comprehensively assessed. This systematic review evaluates the mechanistic, microbiological, and genetic factors affecting treatment success. Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and observational reports published up to December 2025 were included. An intensive search strategy was conducted through PubMed/Medline, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane, and Web of Science databases. The trials compared novel BL/BLI agents ceftazidime/avibactam (CAZ-AVI), Meropenem/Vaborbactam (MER-VABO), and Imipenem/Cilastatin/Relebactam (IPM-CIL-REL) to BAT for CRE infections that reported all-cause mortality in adult hospitalized patients (≥18 years). Data retrieval included carbapenemase types, resistance mechanisms, and minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs). Risk ratios (RRs), heterogeneity (I²), and publication bias were measured using appropriate statistical models. Results: The meta-analysis included nine primary studies (six RCTs and three observational cohorts) with 2892 CRE-infected patients. Compared to BAT, BL/BLI combinations significantly reduced mortality by 27% (pooled RR = 0.73; 95% Confidence Intervals (CI): 0.59–0.9; p = 0.003), with low heterogeneity (I² = 38%). Treatment outcomes differed substantially by carbapenemase type. For Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (KPC)-producing strains, meropenem–vaborbactam was most effective (RR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.49–0.94), while ceftazidime–avibactam was superior for OXA-48-like producers (RR = 0.55; 95% CI: 0.41–0.82). No BL/BLI combination demonstrated efficacy against metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-producing strains. Among hospitalized high-risk patients (e.g., septic shock), meropenem–vaborbactam (RR = 0.65) and colistin-based therapy (RR = 0.61) were most effective for mortality reduction. Meta-regression proved that the proportion of KPC-producing isolates significantly predicted effect size (coefficient: −0.42, 95% CI: −0.68 to −0.16, p = 0.002). Funnel plot asymmetry indicated possible publication bias (Egger’s test p = 0.09). Conclusions: Innovative BL/BLI combinations lower all-cause mortality compared to BAT. This effect is extremely reliant on the comparator regimen composition, the specific BL/BLI drug, and the underlying resistance mechanism. These data support a precision medicine approach guided by rapid molecular diagnostics. These findings underscore the urgent need for novel agents against MBL-producing strains, including the recently approved aztreonam–avibactam. Full article

Natural diversion channels offer a promising solution for flood mitigation within the context of natural flood management; however, their design must balance hydraulic performance and intervention scale. This study presents an integrated framework for the optimal design of modified natural diversion channels by coupling two-dimensional hydrodynamic modelling with surrogate modelling and multi-objective optimisation. A Hazard Estimation Index (HEI) is derived from 2D flood hazard maps by aggregating the spatial distribution of flood hazard within the township and agricultural floodplain areas, providing a quantitative measure in which higher values indicate greater flood hazard. Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) models are developed to approximate HEI as a function of flood peak discharge and channel cross-sectional area. Separate HEI formulations are defined for township and floodplain areas to reflect differing mitigation priorities. The surrogate models are integrated within a Multi-Objective Particle Swarm Optimisation (MOPSO) framework to minimise flood hazard in both domains and channel size, with channel cross-sectional area used as a geometric proxy for excavation cost rather than as a direct estimate of construction cost. Three independent optimisation systems are developed for minor-to-moderate, major, and very major flood regimes based on flood-frequency analysis. Application to Moree Plains, Australia, shows that minor-to-moderate floods can be addressed with an optimal channel size of approximately 425 m², achieving HEI values of approximately 0.18 in the township and 0.07 in the floodplain. For major floods, a larger channel of approximately 1016 m² results in HEI values of approximately 0.35 and 0.26, respectively. For very major floods, a substantially larger channel of approximately 1620 m² is required, while township HEI remains relatively high (>0.5), indicating substantial residual risk. The results demonstrate diminishing hazard-reduction benefits with increasing channel size for larger floods and highlight the value of a regime-specific optimisation approach for supporting risk-informed natural flood management planning. Full article

Background/Objectives: De-escalation of dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) from ticagrelor to clopidogrel after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) reduces bleeding risk; however, in carriers of loss-of-function CYP2C19 alleles, it may carry a risk of insufficient platelet inhibition. This study compared the safety and efficacy of CYP2C19 genotype-guided DAPT de-escalation with standard clinical practice in patients after ACS and PCI, and evaluated the cost implications of this approach. Methods: We conducted a prospective, randomized, open-label, parallel group trial (n = 75 genotype-guided group; n = 75 control group) with 12 months of follow-up. In the genotype-guided group, the de-escalation decision was based on the CYP2C19 genotype; in the control group, it followed standard practice at the treating physician’s discretion. The primary safety endpoint was the cumulative incidence of clinically relevant bleeding (BARC ≥2); the secondary efficacy endpoint was a composite of ischemic events. The economic evaluation was performed as a cost–consequence analysis (CCA), reporting drug and testing costs alongside the clinical outcomes described above, including a break-even threshold and one-way sensitivity analysis. Results: In the intention-to-treat population (n = 150), the 12-month cumulative incidence of BARC ≥ 2 bleeding was 10.7% in the genotype-guided group versus 12.0% in the control group (HR 0.88; 95% CI 0.34–2.28; p = 0.79). The cumulative incidence of the ischemic composite was 13.3% versus 14.7% (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.38–2.13; p = 0.82), and neither difference was statistically significant. A per-protocol sensitivity analysis excluding eight patients who required non-protocol anticoagulant therapy yielded similar results for bleeding (9.7% vs. 11.4%; HR 0.84) and a numerically larger, though still non-significant, effect for the ischemic composite (11.1% vs. 15.7%; HR 0.69). Use of the genotype-guided strategy was associated with savings in drug and pharmacogenetic testing costs of RUB 1,036,340.21 for the cohort (RUB 15,278.16 per patient), a saving that remained positive across the full range of observed drug prices; the drug-and-testing-cost break-even price for testing was RUB 19,748.16 per patient. Conclusions: No statistically significant differences in bleeding or ischemic events were detected between genotype-guided de-escalation of DAPT based on CYP2C19 testing and standard practice in this trial, and the genotype-guided strategy was associated with a reduction in drug and testing costs. Confirmation of the clinical benefit of this approach requires further studies in larger cohorts. Full article

Latency antibiotic therapy is an established component of expectant management after preterm prelabour rupture of membranes (PPROMs). Pooled randomised evidence from 22 trials involving 6872 women and infants shows that antibiotics prolong pregnancy, reduce chorioamnionitis (risk ratio 0.66) and reduce neonatal infection (risk ratio 0.67), without a significant reduction in perinatal mortality. The evidence supporting the therapeutic principle is stronger than the evidence defining how the therapy should be configured. This narrative review examines the three decisions an obstetrician makes at the bedside, namely, which agent, at which dose and route, and for how long, and the comparative evidence behind each. Contemporary practice descends from two protocols: the ampicillin–erythromycin regimen of the NICHD Maternal–Fetal Medicine Units Network trial and the erythromycin arm of ORACLE I. Neither was designed to identify an optimal regimen. Substitution of azithromycin for erythromycin rests predominantly on observational cohorts together with one small open-label randomised comparison that pre-specified no non-inferiority margin and is therefore pragmatic and guideline-permitted rather than confirmed by an adequately powered randomised trial. No randomised dose comparison using clinical endpoints has been performed in PPROM, although randomised pharmacokinetic data exist for azithromycin. The seven-day course derives from a trial protocol rather than from a duration-ranging study, and the two randomised duration comparisons published since 2023 point in opposite directions. Guideline agreement reflects shared historical ancestry rather than independent confirmation of optimality. Adequately powered pragmatic trials, stratified by gestational age, remain the principal unmet need. Full article

The milky disease caused by Metschnikowia bicuspidata has severely affected the farming of Chinese mitten crabs (Eriocheir sinensis), yet there are still no effective and environmentally friendly control measures available. This study employed a drug-repositioning strategy, combined with virtual screening, in vitro antifungal tests, and in vivo experiments, to evaluate the effect of cetylpyridinium chloride (CPC) on the pathogen. Sterol 14α-demethylase (CYP51), the key enzyme in the ergosterol biosynthetic pathway, was selected as the candidate target for molecular docking. The docking results showed that CPC had a strong binding affinity (score −9 kcal/mol) to the predicted CYP51 active site, but its use as a direct target still requires further biochemical verification. In the in vitro experiment, CPC exhibited potent antifungal activity (MIC = 1.56 μg/mL, MFC = 3.125 μg/mL) and significantly reduced the formation of biofilms at the tested concentrations (p < 0.05). After feeding at a dose of 800 μg/g feed for 7 days, the activities of immune-related enzymes (ACP, AKP, LZM) and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, SOD, GPX) in the hepatopancreas of crabs significantly increased (p < 0.05), and no oxidative stress was induced. In the challenge test, the original cumulative mortality rate of group C (challenge + 800 μg/g CPC bait) was 59.72%, lower than that of group B (challenge + basal feed) at 75.00% (absolute risk reduction of 15.28 percentage points). The corrected survival rates were 40.0% (group C) and 24.4% (group B), but the group differences after correction by the generalized linear mixed model did not reach a statistically significant level (p = 0.068). The histopathological score showed that CPC significantly alleviated the severity of lesions in the hepatopancreas, gills, muscles, and heart (p < 0.001). Although the targeting mechanism of CPC against CYP51 requires further experimental validation, our findings suggest that CPC holds promise as a drug-repositioning candidate for managing milky disease in E. sinensis, particularly by boosting host immunity and mitigating tissue damage. Full article

Background/Objectives: Cervical lymph node metastasis and nodal recurrence remain clinically significant problems in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). Thermal ablation techniques, including laser ablation (LA), radiofrequency ablation (RFA), and microwave ablation (MWA), have increasingly been investigated as minimally invasive alternatives to repeat surgery, when the latter is rejected by patients or is associated with high morbidity and technical challenges. The aim of this systematic review was to analyze the available evidence on efficacy and safety of LA, RFA, and MWA for cervical lymph node metastasis from PTC. Methods: A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library, and extracted outcomes included technical success, volume reduction rate (VRR), complete disappearance rate (CDR), serum thyroglobulin (Tg) response, local recurrence, and complications. Twenty-nine (N = 29) studies were included, eight on LA (n = 8), eleven on RFA (n = 11), and ten on MWA (n = 10). Results: Across the included studies, all three modalities showed high technical success, progressive reduction in nodal volume, and meaningful local disease control. Safety outcomes were generally favorable across all three approaches, with most complications being mild, transient, and resolving in limited time periods. Conclusions: Thermal ablation appears to be an effective and safe treatment option for selected patients with cervical lymph node metastasis from PTC, especially when repeat surgery is undesirable or high risk. Full article