Search Results (2,793)

The adoption of telework increased as a sustainable strategy after the COVID-19 pandemic. However, its impact on transportation and energy consumption are controversial, emphasizing the need for context-specific analysis. This research developed a System Dynamics (SD) simulation that integrated the generalized Bass Diffusion Model (BDM) and Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) to analyze telework diffusion in organizations and its influence on transport-related CO₂ emissions and energy consumption in Colombia. Internal conditions, particularly managerial attitudes and perceptions of telework performance, play a crucial role in the adoption rate. Telework adoption follows a weak S-curve pattern primarily driven by internal dynamics rather than external pressures, lagging behind the projections set by public policies and global trends. Simulations based on government data for the period 2012–2022 indicated that the number of teleworkers could reach 1.61 million by 2032, resulting in annual energy savings of approximately 1.5% and a 2% reduction in transport-related CO₂ emissions. Sustained governmental tracking of sectoral adoption and including records of household energy use will support sensitivity analysis and strengthen model robustness. The integrated SD, TAM, and BDM modeling approach identified critical factors to boost telework adoption and its environmental benefits, providing insights for sustainable organizational strategies and public policies. Full article

The performance of the Fractional-order Extended Kalman Filter (FEKF) is often constrained by the manual tuning of its fractional-order parameter. This paper proposes HO-FEKF, a novel framework that integrates the Hippopotamus Optimization (HO) algorithm to automate and intelligently determine this optimal parameter. Central to our approach is a hierarchical optimization strategy that efficiently minimizes attitude estimation error. In addition to this automated tuning, we enhance the core FEKF model by improving its handling of nonlinear system dynamics, including the effects of time discretization on the Jacobian, cross-factor interactions, and the use of a sliding residual window. We validated our method on both a public benchmark and a custom-collected dataset. Results show that our improved FEKF surpasses the traditional version, and the complete HO-FEKF framework significantly outperforms approaches based on other optimization algorithms (genetic algorithm GA, grey wolf optimizer GWO, Harris hawks optimizer HHO, and HiPPO-LegS algorithm) combined with FEKF. These findings confirm the practical potential of HO-FEKF for achieving adaptive, high-accuracy attitude estimation in real-world sensor fusion scenarios. Full article

Background: Sport-related concussion (SRC) is a recognised public health concern, with combat sport athletes particularly vulnerable due to frequent head impacts. In Taekwondo, concussion incidence is comparable to other contact sports, yet underreporting and misconceptions may hinder safe management. Understanding knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours in this cohort is critical for athlete safety. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey was distributed to Australian Taekwondo athletes (AKA). Participants completed demographic, concussion history, and the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey. Knowledge (CKI) and attitudes (CAI) indices were derived. Group differences were analysed using non-parametric tests, with associations between knowledge, attitudes, and reporting behaviours explored via correlation and logistic regression. Results: Athletes (n = 98) demonstrated good knowledge (mean CKI 19.8/25) and positive attitudes (mean CAI 61.6/75), though misconceptions remained. While 92% indicated they would seek medical attention, 21% reported returning to play the same day as a suspected concussion, and over 20% admitted to concealing symptoms. Higher CAI scores, but not CKI, were associated with safer reporting intentions. Conclusions: AKA showed strong knowledge and attitudes towards concussion; however, risky behaviours persisted. Attitudes, rather than knowledge, were more predictive of reporting behaviours, underscoring the need for interventions that strengthen positive attitudes and cultural support for symptom disclosure. Full article

Background: The influence of digital media on public perception of sexual health is significant and relates to its effects on knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors. Motion graphics and animation represent a novel innovation in health-related communication. The visual attractiveness and adaptability to cultural issues offer an alternative means of conveying often sensitive issues. This systematic review aimed to provide an overview of their efficacy in delivering sexual health messages and to identify the components contributing to success. Methods: A literature search was conducted using Scopus, MEDLINE (via PubMed), and DOAJ, covering studies from inception to 31 August 2025. All eligible studies included randomized controlled trials, quasi-experimental studies, and other evaluations, which were synthesized by outcomes related to knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, intentions, and/or psychosocial well-being. The study was pre-registered on the INPLASY platform (INPLASY202580073). Results: Eleven studies published between the years 1989 and 2025 met the inclusion criteria. The majority reported improvements in sexual health knowledge and attitudes, and several studies also demonstrated improved behaviors and psychosocial well-being. Factors that contributed to interventions that have been successful were cultural adaptation, being based on theory, and presentation over time. Conclusions: Motion graphics and animation, therefore, represent an exciting means of sexual health promotion and stigma reduction. Future studies should therefore focus on the determination of standardized formats for media presentations, the evaluation of long-term effects, and the evaluation of cost–benefit to enhance the effectiveness of media communication in health promotion. Full article

Background/objectives: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a growing public health concern, and misuse of antibiotics in livestock farming contributes to its emergence. In Blantyre, Malawi, small-scale pig and poultry farming is widespread, but the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) driving antimicrobial use (AMU) remain poorly understood. This study aimed to assess the KAP regarding AMU and manure management among pig and poultry farmers in Blantyre, Malawi. Methods: This cross-sectional study surveyed 118 randomly selected farmers to assess AMU patterns, sources of antibiotics, adherence to withdrawal periods, disposal practices, and awareness of AMR and regulations. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire and analyzed with descriptive statistics and inferential tests (with statistical significance set at p < 0.05). Results: Antibiotic use was reported by 88% of farmers, primarily for therapy (93.3%) and prophylaxis (85.6%), including for viral diseases such as Newcastle disease in poultry and African swine fever in pigs. Oxytetracycline (91.5%), penicillin (50.8%), and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (39.8%) were the most used antibiotics, predominantly sourced from agrovet shops (73.7%). While 61% of farmers knew antibiotic misuse could lead to AMR, significant gaps were observed: 68.6% had no formal training, 55.9% were unaware of regulations, and 42% sold/consumed products before the end of the withdrawal period. Most farmers disposed of expired antibiotics (80.5%) and packaging (92.4%) in household waste. Higher education and prior training were significantly associated with good knowledge. Conclusions: This study reveals significant knowledge–practice gaps and high-risk behaviors, such as misuse for viral diseases and unsafe disposal, that exacerbate AMR risks. Interventions must prioritize targeted farmer education, strengthening of veterinary extension services, and stricter regulation of agrovet shops to promote antimicrobial stewardship and support Malawi’s National Action Plan on AMR. Full article

Artificial intelligence (AI) is generating a profound and quick transformation in several areas of knowledge, as well as in industry and society on a global scale, and is considered one of the most significant technological advances of the present era. Understanding citizens’ attitudes toward AI is essential forguiding its development and implementation. To achieve this, valid and reliable instruments are needed to assess attitudesin different sociocultural contexts. With this objective, the General Attitudes towards Artificial Intelligence Scale (GAAIS) was adapted to Spanish. The sample comprised 644 participants: 327 men and 316 women, aged between 18 and 78 years (M = 33.06, SD = 14.91). The original two-factor structure (Positive GAAIS and Negative GAAIS) was validated using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). Both the fit indices and the internal consistency of the scale were adequate. Furthermore, the validity of the measure (i.e., convergent and discriminant) and the invariance of the model were confirmed. The analyses performed support the adequacy of the model and, therefore, the usefulness of the instrument, considering the ambivalence that people often experience regarding AI. The limitations of the study and the implications for the design of public policies and intervention strategies that promote the ethical, equitable, and socially responsible use of AI are discussed in this study. Full article

Countries encounter significant challenges in the context of the climate crisis, prompting the implementation of environmentally sustainable measures in vulnerable sectors such as tourism. Nevertheless, inadequate levels of public awareness often delay or—in certain cases—hinder the adoption of such measures. This study focuses on the tourism sector in Greece, which is particularly resource-intensive in terms of energy and water consumption, especially in regions frequently affected by extreme weather events. The study’s objective is to evaluate the level of environmental awareness and behavioral profiles of tourists. Firstly, our study provides a literature review addressing the tourism vulnerabilities related to climate change, the nexus between tourism and environmental pressures, the role of public awareness in shaping policy obstacles, and finally issues related to environmental social and individual responsibility and attitudes. Subsequently, a relevant survey was conducted using a structured questionnaire to outline the profile and preferences of home domestic tourists in Greece. Our results indicate a generally moderate to low level of awareness: approximately 80% of respondents believe tourism has minimal or no impact on climate change, while only about 15% endorsed the need for stricter regulatory measures. Moreover, our findings underscore a significant knowledge gap regarding ongoing challenges related to water resource management. Notably, respondents with higher levels of awareness exhibited more positive attitudes towards sustainability-oriented measures. Overall, our study indicates that enhancing environmental awareness through targeted campaigns and effective communication strategies is crucial. In this respect, cultivating the notion of the “responsible tourist” emerges as a key prerequisite for ensuring the long-term sustainability of the tourism sector in Greece, as a responsible tourist contributes to the long-term sustainability and the tourist profile of a destination for both visitors and residents. Full article

Drawing on organizational justice theory, this study examines how workers’ perceptions of fair treatment influence job satisfaction following the transition from temporary agency employment at subcontracting firms to regular employment with client firms. A multilevel analysis was conducted to simultaneously assess individual- and organizational-level effects. Data were collected through a survey of Korean public organizations that had implemented regular employment transitions, yielding a final sample of 966 employees nested within 116 institutions. At the individual level, perceived fair treatment after regularization was positively associated with job satisfaction. At the organizational level, systematic human resource management practices enhanced employees’ perceptions of fair treatment, while government support during the transition process—including the provision of clear guidelines and professional consulting—moderated the relationship between perceived fair treatment and job satisfaction. These findings contribute to a deeper understanding of how fair treatment perceptions shape employee attitudes following employment regularization and highlight the role of organizational human resource practices and government involvement in fostering positive outcomes during labor market transitions. Full article

This article highlights the phenomenon of marginalized populations and minorities who espouse white supremacist ideology despite their own ethnic and cultural backgrounds within the USA. This study focusses on how non-Caucasian individuals are attracted to this ideology, its organizations, and how this contradiction is reconciled. Of particular interest is the rise in gun violence or the advocacy of gun violence by non-white individuals in the United States harboring white supremacist ideals and identifying with those principles. Statistical data for national violence is limited to general categories by state and federal law enforcement. This article examines public comments made by high-profile individuals as examples reflecting current attitudes under examination as well as violent acts resulting in deaths perpetrated by minorities motivated by supremacist ideals. Findings suggest that non-Caucasian or minority individuals from multivariant ethnic groups who espouse Nazi ideals are not following a singular objective or unified under one rubric but have mixed motivations rooted in establishing legitimacy and “white proximity”. White supremacist ideology is redefined to suit personal grievances unique to an individuals’ cultural group and/or needs. Full article

Background: Nursing is an essential pillar in health services provision; however, its social value is often underestimated. The public image of, and society’s attitude toward, the profession is commonly influenced by stereotypes and biases. Objective: This study aimed to analyze the predictive influence of empathy, professional values and communication skills on the social image and attitude towards nursing. Methods: A cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted in the Valencian Community, Spain. Snowball sampling was used for data collection from 300 participants (81% female; mean age 35.85 years, SD = 14.99). Empathy, professional values and communication skills were measured, and a structural equation model was proposed to assess their influence. Results: Professional values were significant predictors of both social image (β = 0.41) and attitude toward nursing (β = 0.34). Similarly, communication skills predicted social image (β = 0.31) and attitude (β = 0.37). Empathy also emerged as a significant, though minor, predictor. Collectively, these three factors explained 30% of the variance in social image and 39% in attitude toward the profession. The main limitations arise from the severe demographic bias of the snowball sample (skewed toward women, young, and highly educated individuals) and the modest explanatory power (R² of 30–39%). This limits the generalizability of the findings and suggests the need for future research on omitted variables, such as working conditions and organizational culture. Conclusions: Empathy, professional values and communication skills are key competencies contributing to a more positive social image of and attitude toward nursing. Investing in the development of these competencies can significantly enhance the recognition and appreciation of nursing within the healthcare system. Full article

As the development of “smart villages” and “sustainable rural tourism” increasingly becomes a focal point on the global policy agenda, tourism-oriented villages are experiencing a growing demand for digital infrastructure transformation. Against this backdrop, smart outdoor furniture emerges as a noteworthy intervention. However, existing designs for smart outdoor furniture predominantly originate from urban contexts, often failing to align with the distinct preferences, behavioural patterns, and cultural identity of rural users. This study employs a mixed-methods approach, combining Q-methodology with an extended Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), to explore rural users’ technology acceptance pathways. Through Q-sorting, four typical attitude structures were identified: Pragmatic Function-Oriented, Cultural Concern-Oriented, Smart Enhancement-Oriented, and Technology Anxiety-Oriented. These qualitative insights were integrated into an extended TAM framework and validated through a structured survey (n = 319) using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings confirm that Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use remain the strongest predictors of user attitude and behavioural intention. Among contextual factors, Function Configuration exerts significant positive influence on both PU and PEOU; Cultural Adaptation significantly enhances PU; Social Influence primarily affects PEOU; Smart Features moderately influence both dimensions; and Perceived Cost Structure affects only PU. This research extends the applicability of the TAM model within rural socio-technical contexts. It provides empirical reference for inclusive and sustainable digital infrastructure design in tourism-oriented villages, while offering practical insights and dissemination pathways for smart design strategies in public spaces within similar socio-cultural environments. Full article

Background: eHealth literacy (eHL) is the ability to seek, find, understand, and apply digital health information. Adolescents often overestimate their eHL skills, potentially leading to poor health decisions and posing a public health concern. Objectives: This study aimed to examine the knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors toward eHL and seeking health information online among a sample of Italian adolescents aged 10–19 to identify the sociodemographic characteristics and other variables that are associated with the outcomes of interest. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire, including the eHealth Literacy Scale (eHEALS). Results: A total of 793 Italian adolescents from seven public schools in Naples, southern Italy, participated in the survey. Among the participants, 58.6% had an eHEALS score below 27. A higher eHL was associated with being male, perceiving the Internet as useful for health decisions, the use of electronic devices for seeking health information, consulting institutional/scientific sources, having a mother with lower education, and having parents without underlying chronic conditions. Additionally, a higher eHL, male sex, younger age, and Internet use for seeking health information in the last three months were linked to perceiving the Internet as a helpful tool for health decision making. Conclusions: Overall, Italian adolescents reported suboptimal eHL with sex, attitudes, and parental factors playing significant roles. Targeted educational interventions are needed to enhance eHL in this specific age group. Full article

Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is a cornerstone of cancer prevention across genders. In the United Kingdom (UK), the programme now includes boys, yet uptake remains below target, with persistent disparities by gender and region. This commentary examines the drivers of these gaps, including the historical framing of the HPV vaccine as a vaccine for girls, limited public awareness of boys’ eligibility, and challenges in school-based delivery. Gendered misconceptions, cultural norms, and inadequate communication continue to limit uptake in boys, while healthcare professionals, including general practitioners, dentists, and pharmacists, remain underused in supporting vaccine access and tackling parental hesitancy. Schools are central to equitable delivery, but teachers often lack training and possess low-to-moderate knowledge of HPV-related topics, including HPV vaccination availability for boys and HPV-related cancers affecting men. Drawing on health behaviour theory, we propose evidence-informed, multi-level recommendations to improve uptake, from gender-inclusive messaging and more efficient consent processes to digital engagement tools that support parents. We also highlight our ongoing research into parental attitudes toward HPV vaccination for boys aged 9–12 in England, which will inform future targeted interventions and policy development. Full article

Leadership is context-dependent in its influence on various employee attitudes and behaviors, particularly in high-risk environments. Despite this, few studies have explored the role of leadership in shaping safety-related outcomes within high-risk public sector settings. This study posits that leadership’s impact may differ in high-risk contexts such as firefighting, where safety is of utmost importance. Using survey data collected from firefighters in Gyeonggi-do, the largest province in South Korea, this study examines the relationship between transformational leadership, perceived accident likelihood, and three safety-related attitudes: safety motivation, safety compliance, and safety participation. With sample sizes for the three dependent variables ranging from 1502 to 1504, the ordinary least squares (OLS) regression results indicate that transformational leadership is positively associated with all three safety attitudes. However, perceived accident likelihood shows a positive relationship with only one of the safety-related attitudes: safety motivation. More importantly, perceived accident likelihood moderates the relationship between transformational leadership and safety attitudes; as perceived accident likelihood increases, the positive impact of transformational leadership on these attitudes diminishes. These findings underscore the contextual nature of leadership effectiveness in high-risk settings and highlight the importance of contextual factors in understanding leadership styles. Full article

Diabetes is a global and local epidemic, with an exponential growth trend in prevalence rates. This article presents data collected through a survey administered to a probabilistic sample of patients enrolled in a diabetes control program within a network of health institutions in Cali, Colombia. The purpose of the survey was to explore knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to diabetes. The survey was designed as part of the quantitative component of a mixed methods macroproject, and the questionnaire was developed based on a review of the literature and the research team’s expertise in the field. The results of the article correspond to the description of the database and combine raw survey data with additional analytical variables derived from grouped response options or recoded items. The data provides a valuable source of information for further research and for decision-makers interested in diabetes risk management. In conclusion, this database enables other broader studies on factors related to adherence to conventional treatments and the use of nonconventional treatments for type 2 diabetes. Full article