Search Results (42)

Engagement in physical activity (PA) in natural environments is known to promote physical and psychological well-being, yet little is known about how such activity fluctuates across seasons and how it relates to individual characteristics and quality of life (QoL). This study aimed to assess the seasonal variability of PA in nature and examine its associations with sociodemographic factors, nature-related experiences, and overall QoL in a sample of Lithuanian adults. A total of 924 participants (680 women and 244 men) with a mean age of 40.0 ± 12.4 years completed an online survey. The study measures included sociodemographic characteristics, nature proximity, exposure, connectedness, perceived restoration in nature and QoL measured by the WHOQOL. Based on self-reported seasonal behaviour, participants were categorized into three groups: irregular or no PA in natural environments, seasonal variability, and regular year-round PA in natural environments. In the present study, we observed the lowest rates of PA in natural environments in winter and the highest in summer. Comparative analyses revealed that individuals with regular PA in natural environments reported significantly greater financial security, nature exposure and connectedness, proximity to green spaces, and overall QoL compared to less regular PA in nature groups. A multiple regression analysis identified financial security, nature proximity, nature exposure, connectedness, and perceived restoration in nature as significant and positive predictors of QoL. These findings point to the problem of inequity and suggest that inequitable access to PA in natural environments manifests as a higher seasonality of PA in nature. The practical implications of the study highlight the importance of addressing equity and promoting consistent PA in nature throughout seasons. During the dark, wet, and cold periods, it is important to implement targeted interventions that improve access to natural environments for individuals with lower financial security. This could help reduce inequity in physical activity. Promoting access to green spaces and fostering nature connectedness may be particularly valuable strategies in public health interventions aimed at enhancing QoL across diverse populations. Full article

Urban regeneration is pivotal to sustainable development, requiring innovative strategies that align social dynamics with spatial configurations. Traditional paradigms increasingly fail to tackle systemic challenges—neighborhood alienation, social fragmentation, and resource inequality—due to their inability to integrate human-centered spatial governance. This study addresses these shortcomings with a novel multidimensional framework that merges social perception (life satisfaction) analytics with spatial quality (GIS-based) assessment. At its core, we utilize geospatial and machine learning models, deploying an ensemble of Gradient Boosted Decision Trees (GBDT), Random Forest (RF), and multiscale geographically weighted regression (MGWR) to decode nonlinear socio-spatial interactions within Suzhou’s community environmental matrix. Our findings reveal critical intersections where residential density thresholds interact with commercial accessibility patterns and transport network configurations. Notably, we highlight the scale-dependent influence of educational proximity and healthcare distribution on community satisfaction, challenging conventional planning doctrines that rely on static buffer-zone models. Through rigorous spatial econometric modeling, this research uncovers three transformative insights: (1) Urban environment exerts a dominant influence on life satisfaction, accounting for 52.61% of the variance. Air quality emerges as a critical determinant, while factors such as proximity to educational institutions, healthcare facilities, and public landmarks exhibit nonlinear effects across spatial scales. (2) Housing price growth in Suzhou displays significant spatial clustering, with a Moran’s I of 0.130. Green space coverage positively correlates with price appreciation (β = 21.6919 ***), whereas floor area ratio exerts a negative impact (β = −4.1197 ***), highlighting the trade-offs between density and property value. (3) The MGWR model outperforms OLS in explaining housing price dynamics, achieving an R² of 0.5564 and an AICc of 11,601.1674. This suggests that MGWR captures 55.64% of pre- and post-pandemic price variations while better reflecting spatial heterogeneity. By merging community-expressed sentiment mapping with morphometric urban analysis, this interdisciplinary research pioneers a protocol for socio-spatial integrated urban transitions—one where algorithmic urbanism meets human-scale needs, not technological determinism. These findings recalibrate urban regeneration paradigms, demonstrating that data-driven socio-spatial integration is not a theoretical aspiration but an achievable governance reality. Full article

As global urbanisation is rising and public health challenges intensify, this systematic review is conducted at a critical time to explore and explain the associations between the parameters of green environments and nuanced adaptive neuroplasticity in the human brain to advance the development of health-focused sustainable cities and buildings in line with the concept of neurosustainability. This review includes studies involving participants of all ages and genders, with no restrictions on health conditions, exposed to green environments regardless of built environment comparisons. A systematic search of Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science identified relevant studies published up to November 2024. The risk of bias was assessed using the PEDro scale and ROBINS-I domains, and data were analysed narratively due to heterogeneity. Twenty-three studies were included, conducted across the USA, UK, Germany, Spain, Bulgaria, the Netherlands, Japan, and South Korea. Findings reveal that green environments are associated with positive, region-specific brain changes across the lifespan, surprisingly from before birth to late adulthood. While forests showed more significant effects than blue spaces or urban green spaces, residential greenness emerged as a consistently effective exposure, especially within a 300–500 m buffer around home addresses, provided that sky visibility is present. Notably, no studies have examined green architecture or biophilic interiors, although they are more proximal, are associated with greater exposure time, have antagonistic effects, and may potentially limit sky visibility, highlighting a key gap for future research. Limitations include heterogeneity in exposure definitions, methodologies, and targeted brain regions. Still, this review offers a novel synthesis, providing insight into how greening the built environment may sustain not only the planet but also the plasticity of the brain. This review is registered with INPLASY (INPLASY2024110103) and forms part of a doctoral research project funded by the Cambridge Trust in partnership with the Jameel Education Foundation. Full article

Inequitable access to parks persists in cities where race, income, and geography shape residents’ proximity to public green space. This study analyzes 20 parks in Salt Lake City—10 in the Eastside and 10 in the Westside—using demographic, housing, and transportation data drawn from GIS tools and spatial platforms. By assessing indicators such as household income, racial composition, rent burden, walkability, and transit access, the findings confirm that Westside parks—located in lower-income and more racially diverse neighborhoods—are significantly less accessible. Eastside parks, by contrast, tend to serve higher-income, majority-white areas with better infrastructure. This paper illustrates how spatial inequality in surrounding conditions limits park accessibility, and it proposes GIS as a tool for diagnosing and addressing environmental injustice in urban planning. Full article

Urban green spaces (UGSs) are vital in enhancing environmental quality, social well-being, and climate resilience, yet their distribution and accessibility remain uneven in many rapidly urbanizing cities. The 3–30–300 rule offers a structured guideline with which to assess urban greenness, emphasizing tree visibility, canopy cover, and green space proximity. However, its applicability in dense and resource-constrained urban environments has not been sufficiently examined. This study evaluates the feasibility of the 3–30–300 rule in Nagpur, India, using survey-based visibility assessments, NDVI-derived vegetation cover analysis, and QGIS-based accessibility evaluation. The study also introduces the Urban Greenness Exposure Index (UGEI), a composite metric that refines greenness assessment by capturing intra-zone variations beyond broad classifications. The findings reveal significant variations in urban greenness exposure across Nagpur’s ten municipal zones. Low-greenness zones report the highest tree visibility deprivation (below two trees), limited canopy cover (~7%), and restricted green space access (over 80% of residents lacking access within 300 m). The correlation analysis shows that higher canopy cover does not necessarily correspond to better visibility or accessibility, highlighting the need for integrated planning strategies. The study concludes that applying the 3–30–300 rule in high-density Indian cities requires localized adaptations, such as incentivizing street tree planting, integrating vertical greenery, and repurposing vacant lots for public parks. The UGEI framework offers a practical tool for identifying priority zones and guiding equitable greening interventions, based on insights drawn from the Nagpur case study. Full article

Large parks play a key role in the identity of urban public spaces and as destinations for residents’ urban walks, with the social benefits they provide being irreplaceable by other types of green spaces. This study examines the accessibility of large urban parks in Rizhao, China, focusing on spatial distribution, service equity, and optimization strategies. Using GIS-based walking route proximity analysis, the study identifies significant accessibility gaps in high-density urban areas. Rizhao is a typical coastal tourist city, selected as the study area due to its low level of urbanization and the underutilization of its natural resources. This study uses online map data to evaluate the service efficiency and supply–demand heterogeneity of large parks from multiple perspectives, proposing targeted, practical, and micro-intervention-based spatial measures based on typical case analysis. The results show that 70.52% of the population in the study area is served by park entrances within a 1500 m walking distance, indicating that a considerable portion of residents remain beyond a reasonable walking distance. In the context of urban renewal and sustainable development, this study proposes practical improvements to park accessibility, including suggestions for determining suitable locations for new large parks as a long-term goal, alongside low-cost interventions such as increasing park entrances to maximize the use of existing resources and optimizing pedestrian routes (including opening gated communities and adding crossing facilities) to improve park walking service catchment in smaller environments. This study provides insights for urban park renewal, retrofitting, and expansion, supporting accessibility measures in planning practices, and is expected to provide valuable references for urban managers and policymakers. Furthermore, the study suggests that policy adjustments are necessary to integrate green spaces into urban development more effectively, particularly in rapidly urbanizing areas. Full article

Cities, particularly megacities, face significant challenges in transitioning toward sustainability. Many countries have developed dual or multiple capitals for diverse purposes (e.g., political, administrative, economic, touristic, and cultural). Limited research exists on the ‘15-minute city’ (15-MC) concept, particularly in regions like Middle East and North Africa (MENA region). This study evaluates the application of the ‘15-MC’ concept globally and regionally to derive Urban Planning Principles (UPPs) and indicators for livability and accessibility. Using a theoretical framework supported by site visits and quantitative assessments, the research examines two districts in the NAC as case studies. Key UPPs (e.g., proximity to services, mixed-use development, public transport, green spaces, community engagement, local economy, and sustainability) were evaluated along with walkability scores, bike infrastructure, and environmental impact indicators. The results reveal that most services in the two districts are accessible within a 15-minute walk or bike ride. However, essential facilities (e.g., universities and hospitals) exceed this threshold (20–30 min). The green area per inhabitant (17 m²/capita) meets WHO and European recommendations. The NAC has clean, green public transportation and 94.26 km of cycling lanes. For the sustainability indicator, air pollutants (PM₁₀ and NO₂) slightly exceed the WHO guidelines, but SO₂ and Ozone levels are below the limits. The estimated waste per capita (274 kg) is lower than Cario and other counties. The findings suggest the NAC has the potential to fulfill the 15-MC concept through mixed-use developments, accessibility, and sustainable planning. This study serves for future research and modeling of the NAC when it is fully occupied. Full article

This study addresses the critical challenge of optimizing spatial arrangements for the elderly in rapidly aging societies. It investigates the proximity preference preferences among nine types of facilities frequently used by senior citizens in Dubai. The research is set against demographic shifts and policy paradigms that are shifting towards aging-in-community, emphasizing the need for comprehensive urban planning tailored to the elderly. The study classified individuals aged 65 and above as seniors and surveyed 180 participants at Dubai’s Al Safa Park. Researchers analyzed the proximity preference, termed ‘adjacency,’ of facilities, including residential, rest, public, cultural, transportation, welfare, medical, commercial, and religious facilities. Data collection spanned nine days and employed cross-analysis and multidimensional scaling (MDS) to interpret the findings. The results revealed a high preference for proximity between residential spaces and parks, supermarkets, and bus stops, indicating a desire for accessible facilities. MDS analysis showed residential, rest, and transportation facilities were spatially closer, while religious facilities were distinct in location. Income levels significantly influenced facility proximity preferences, with high-income seniors preferring commercial facilities near residential areas but medical facilities farther away. This study highlights the importance of considering income levels in urban planning for the elderly. Recommendations include planning residential, transportation, and green spaces in proximity preference while acknowledging varying preferences for religious facilities. Future research should focus on diverse regions and consider individual circumstances. This study contributes to urban planning by providing insights into senior citizens’ spatial preferences, which is crucial for enhancing facility usage and satisfaction in aging societies. Full article

Environmental characteristics, such as proximity to green spaces and exposure to roads, can significantly influence atmospheric factors like air quality. For instance, areas with abundant green spaces typically exhibit better air quality, while high road density often correlates with increased air pollution, both of which can affect students’ cognitive functioning and academic performance. This study aimed to evaluate the association between the environmental and atmospheric conditions—specifically green spaces (measured by the NDVI and green space area), roads (total road length), and wildfires—around students’ schools and homes in the Federal District (FD), Brazil, and their impact on academic performance. We analyzed data from 344,175 public school students across 256 schools in the FD, covering the years 2017 to 2020. Using a mixed-effects regression model, we investigated how neighborhood characteristics such as green spaces, road density, and wildfire frequency influence individual-level academic performance while controlling for temporal, socioeconomic, and school-specific factors. Our findings indicate that the environmental factors around schools, particularly green spaces and road density, have significant associations with academic outcomes. Specifically, a higher road density around schools was linked to lower academic performance, whereas green space presence had a generally positive impact, especially around schools. Wildfires, while negatively associated with performance around homes, had mixed effects around schools. These results underscore the importance of considering environmental and atmospheric factors in urban planning and education policy to enhance student performance. Full article

The rapid urbanization observed in major Chinese cities has resulted in the degradation of both urban and rural environments. In response to this challenge, the concept of regional green spaces has emerged as an innovative approach to coordinate and manage green space resources across urban and rural areas. This study focuses on conducting a comprehensive analysis of the evolution, driving factors, and future scenarios of regional green spaces in Changzhou, which serves as a representative Type I large city in China. To accomplish this analysis, Landsat satellite images from 1992, 2002, 2012, and 2022 were utilized. Various methodologies, including landscape pattern indices for quantitative evaluation, the CLUE-S model, logistic regression for qualitative evaluation, and the Markov–FLUS model, were employed. The findings indicate a continuous decline in the area of regional green spaces in Changzhou, decreasing from 248.23 km² in 1992 to 204.46 km² in 2022. Landscape pattern analysis reveals an increase in fragmentation, complexity, irregularity, and human interference within these green spaces. Logistic regression analysis identifies key driving factors influencing regional green spaces, including elevation, urban population, and proximity to water bodies and transportation. The scenario simulations provide valuable insights into potential future trends of regional green spaces. According to the economic priority scenario, a modest increase in regional green spaces is anticipated, while the ecological priority scenario indicates substantial growth. Conversely, the inertial development scenario predicts a continued decline in regional green spaces. This research emphasizes the significance of achieving a harmonious coexistence between economic progress and environmental preservation. It emphasizes the necessity of optimizing the arrangement of green areas within a region while fostering public engagement in the conservation of these spaces. The findings contribute to the protection and sustainable development of the urban environment in the Yangtze River Delta region. Full article

The urban green public spaces “UGSs” provide a place for everyday contact with nature to humans. Green and blue infrastructure is important for urban heat mitigation. This study focuses on the relationship between satisfaction with the place of living and quality of life indexes, accessibility, and the quality of public green spaces in one of the suburbs of Gdańsk in Poland. Even though there are award-winning public parks and a large-scale Tri-city Landscape Park, the individual indexes measuring the satisfaction of local inhabitants with accessibility to public parks and their quality were well beyond the average in Gdańsk. The research question was to explain such low satisfaction with green public parks and spaces in Gdańsk-Osowa. The results of the evaluation of available “UGSs” against the universal standard for health-promoting urban places confirmed their recreational value but also demonstrated limited spatial and physical accessibility and possible overcrowding. Thus, the possibilities for everyday contact with nature for numerous inhabitants are limited and that condition may influence the life quality indexes. The results suggest that increasing urban density and the further development of residential neighborhoods requires careful planning of new public parks in consideration of proximity to public open green spaces. The accessibility of public parks within walking distance is crucial when planning new developments. Full article

The COVID-19 pandemic has reshaped our daily lives and the way we interact with urban green–blue spaces (UGBS), particularly in the economically challenged regions of Northwest China. Our study, utilizing surveys and social media, delves into the pandemic’s impact on UGBS engagement in this area, offering critical insights for urban planning amidst a global health crisis. We found a gender-balanced but preference-specific engagement in UGBS, with women and married couples in the Chengguan District of Lanzhou city showing affinity. Moreover, educational levels and proximity to academic institutions emerged as key factors influencing UGBS use, pointing to the importance of educational attainment in engagement diversity. Enhancing safety, creating child-friendly and leisure facilities for families, and designing vibrant spaces for socializing are vital, and placing UGBS near educational districts could also promote environmental awareness and scientific learning. Furthermore, the pandemic has reshaped public priorities, elevating the value of accessible, safe UGBS. This shift is evidenced by varied motivations for UGBS visits, with an emphasis on health, nature connectivity, and leisure. Women, older adults, and families, each with their distinct reasons, were drawn to UGBS for activities ranging from recreation to relaxation. Our findings advocate for the creation of multifunctional UGBS that cater to these varied interests, incorporating features such as air-purifying plants, scenic pathways, and zones for family activities, all underpinned by enhanced safety and accessibility. The study also highlights distinct transportation preferences among residents of Chengguan’s northern and southern parts, suggesting a tailored approach to urban infrastructure that accommodates pedestrian access and public transit use. To prevent overcrowding, adjusting facility hours and event timings based on peak visitation times is recommended. Moreover, improving walkways and public transport connectivity is essential not just for convenience but also for ensuring that these green spaces are equitable and financially accessible, fostering inclusive access to these essential urban areas. During the pandemic, social media revealed a growing search for spiritual fulfillment within UGBS, highlighting their importance in societal well-being and coping mechanisms. In response, there’s a compelling opportunity for UGBS to evolve by incorporating designated areas for spiritual relaxation, along with mental health support services. By actively monitoring social media feedback and trends, these spaces can adapt and refine their offerings, ensuring that they meet the community’s changing needs more effectively. Our study highlights the importance of tailoring UGBS to meet diverse community needs, especially during crises. It emphasizes creating multifunctional, accessible UGBS that reflect demographic trends, transportation habits, and public preferences, aiming to boost community resilience and well-being. Drawing from research conducted amidst a worldwide crisis, our study provides key recommendations for the future evolution of UGBS, urging the creation of inclusive environments that bolster the health and well-being of urban populations. Full article

Adequate public spaces and urban green areas are key criteria for urban development and infrastructure implementation in healthy cities. Latterly, there have been an increasing number of research methods using artificial intelligence (AI) to monitor, quantify, and control the state of these spaces with an aim toward pioneering research in urban studies. However, in informal areas, open-data access tends to lack adequate and updated information, making it difficult to use AI methods. Hence, we propose a methodology for restricted open data collection and preparation for future use in machine learning or spatial data science models for similar areas. To that extent, we examine two peripheral and low-income neighborhoods in Quito, Ecuador—La Bota and Toctiuco—to analyze their public spaces, urban green areas, points of interest, and road networks, and how they address healthy cities criteria. We develop an original methodological approach that combines an index of proximity, accessibility, quantity, and quality for these spaces with geospatial and network analysis techniques. Results indicate that the connectivity and structure of these spaces are centralized and nodal, representing exclusion and segregation. This work provides insights into potential healthy spaces and information to urban planners and policymakers in decision-making for healthy urban infrastructure. Full article

Although a regular visit to green open spaces has been recommended in curbing some sedentary lifestyle-associated health challenges, not much has been performed to uncover the factors that promote visits to such spaces in urban areas in sub-Saharan Africa. This research investigated the spatial accessibility and environmental quality factors that influence visits to green open spaces (GOS) by youths in the core area of Akure, Southwest Nigeria. The data were derived from a survey of 400 respondents aged between 18 and 35 years, ArcGIS software, v. Pro 20, and geographic information system (GIS) and analyzed using descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression analysis. The results revealed that the spatial accessibility predictors of visits to GOS among the youths were their age, street integration, social integration, and proximity of GOS to their homes, while the environmental quality predictors were the presence of a gymnasium in GOS and public facilities around such spaces. These findings are instructive in noting that to ensure social justice in access to GOS and the associated social and ecosystem services they offer, the planning, design, and management of green spaces should take cognizance of these predictors in meeting the needs of the youths who constitute a larger percentage of the urban population and thus encouraging them to regularly visit GOS in the study area and beyond. Full article

In rapidly expanding Indian cities, the current provisions for public urban green spaces (PUGS) falls below the minimum standards recommended by the WHO, linked with the well-being of urban dwellers. The local authorities are struggling to fulfill the supply side gap, with a disparity in PUGS provisions. Currently, the provisions focus on fulfilling the prerequisites identified by the planning agencies and do not appropriately address the urban greenspace demands. However, effective planning has been emphasized as a way to respond to the diverse, competing and changing demands of PUGS, allowing the incorporation of the needs and preferences of urban dwellers in the planning and management of PUGS to help determine their multifunctionality, usefulness, and popularity. In response, this study attempts to capture the demands of urban dwellers through local social data for neighborhood PUGS of the fast-urbanizing Nagpur. We attempt to assist local authorities in better understanding the provisions for planning and managing PUGS that can fulfil the growing PUGS needs of urban dwellers. Via a social survey of users and residents, we capture visitations, usage, activities, motives of visits, and perceptions about neighborhood PUGS characteristics. The findings highlight the determinants that influence the usage and favored activities. Urban dwellers have a strong tendency to use neighborhood “parks and gardens” due to their convenient proximity, emphasizing how crucial their location is in shaping urban residents’ engagement with these spaces. The socio-demographics shape the preference, and the locals hold negative perceptions about size, vegetation, amenities, as well as maintenance. The identified determinants (access and availability), influencing factors (socio-demographic), and the barrier to usage (negative perceptions) need prioritized attention from the local authorities to accommodate the diverse and competing demands of different sub-groups of the urban dwellers. Full article