Search Results (5)

The emerging concept of hybrid nanofluids has grabbed the attention of researchers and scientists due to improved thermal performance because of their remarkable thermal conductivities. These fluids have enormous applications in engineering and industrial sectors. Therefore, the present research study examines thermal and mass transportation in hybrid nanofluid past an inclined linearly stretching sheet using the Maxwell fluid model. In the current problem, the hybrid nanofluid is engineered by suspending a mixture of aluminum oxide $A{l}_2{O}_3$ and copper $Cu$ nanoparticles in ethylene glycol. The fluid flow is generated due to the linear stretching of the sheet and the sheet is kept inclined at the angle $\zeta =\pi /6$ embedded in porous medium. The current proposed model also includes the Lorentz force, solar radiation, heat generation, linear chemical reactions, and permeability of the plate effects. Here, in the current simulation, the cylindrical shape of the nanoparticles is considered, as this shape has proven to be excellent for the thermal performance of the nanomaterials. The governing equations transformed into ordinary differential equations are solved using MATLAB bvp4c solver. The velocity field declines with increasing magnetic field parameter, Maxwell fluid parameter, volume fractions of nanoparticles, and porosity parameter but increases with growing suction parameter. The temperature drops with increasing magnetic field force and suction parameter values but increases with increasing radiation parameter and volume fraction values. The concentration profile increases with increasing magnetic field parameters, porosity parameters, and volume fractions but reduces with increasing chemical reaction parameters and suction parameters. It has been noted that the purpose of the inclusion of thermal radiation is to augment the temperature that is serving the purpose in the current work. The addition of Lorentz force slows down the speed of the fluid and raises the boundary layer thickness, which is visible in the current study. It has been concluded that, when heat generation parameters increase, the temperature field increases correspondingly for both nanofluids and hybrid nanofluids. The increase in the volume fraction of the nanoparticles is used to enhance the thermal performance of the hybrid nanofluid, which is evident in the current results. The current results are validated by comparing them with published ones. Full article

The major aim of the current investigations is to study the magnetohydrodynamic effects on heat and mass transfer phenomena in third-grade fluid past an inclined exponentially stretching sheet fixed in a porous medium with Darcy–Forchheimer law influence. The constitutive equations compatible for heat and mass transportation in third-grade fluid in terms of partial differential equations are modeled. These partial differential equations are then converted to ordinary differential equations by using suitable similarity variables formulation. The transformed flow model is solved by using MATLAB built-in numerical solver bvp4c. Effects of pertinent parameters on physical properties that are velocity field, temperature field and mass concentration along with skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number and Sherwood number are demonstrated in graphs and tables. The impact of dimensionless numbers on the physical properties is analyzed and discussed with a physical view point at angle $\alpha =\pi /6$ (inclined sheet). It is seen that as the third-grade fluid parameter $\left(0.1\le \beta \le 11\right)$ is increased, the velocity profile increases, but the temperature field and mass concentration are decreased. It is observed that as the permeability parameter $(1\le K^{*}\le 11)$ is raised, the velocity distribution decreases and mass concentration increases. It is concluded from the results that owing to an increase in the local inertial coefficient $\left(0.1\le Fr\le 5\right)$, the velocity profile reduces but an increment in mass concentration is noted. It is concluded that by increasing values of magnetic field parameter $\left(0.1\le M\le 10\right)$ the velocity field is delineated and temperature field is elevated exactly according to the physics of magnetic field parameters. The present results are compared with already published results and it is observed that there is good agreement between them. This good agreement ensures the validation of accuracy of the results. Full article

The two-dimensional boundary layer flow of a Prandtl nanofluid was explored in the presence of an aligned magnetic field over an inclined stretching/shrinking sheet in a non-Darcy permeable medium. To transform the PDEs of the leading equations into ODEs, a coupled boundary value problem was formed and suitable similarity functions were used. To obtain numerical answers, an efficient code for the Runge–Kutta technique with a shooting tool was constructed with a MATLAB script. This procedure is widely used for the solution of such problems as it is efficient and cost-effective with a fifth-order accuracy. The significance of immersed parameters on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and bioconvection is shown through figures. Furthermore, the physical parameters of the skin friction coefficient and the Nusselt numbers are demonstrated in tables. The declining behavior of the flow velocity against the porosity parameter $K_p$ and the local inertia co-efficient $Fr$ is shown, and the both parameters of the Darcy resistance and Darcy–Forchheimer resistance are responsible for slowing the fluid speed. The increasing values of the Schmidt number $Sc$ decrease the concentration of the nano entities. Full article

The physical aspects of inclined MHD nanofluid toward a stretching sheet embedded in a porous medium were visualized, which has numerous applications in industry. Two types of nanoparticles, namely copper and aluminum oxide, were used, with water (limiting case of Casson liquid) as the base fluid. Similarity transformations were used to convert the partial differential equations into a set of ordinary differential equations. Closed solutions were found to examine the velocity and temperature profiles. It was observed that an increment in the magnitude of the Hartmann number, solid volume fraction, and velocity slip parameter brought a reduction in the velocity profile, and the opposite behavior was shown for the permeability parameter in $Cu$–water and $A{l}_2{O}_3$–water nanofluids. The temperature field, local skin friction, and local Nusselt number were further examined. Moreover, the study of $Cu$ and $A{l}_2{O}_3$ is useful to boost the efficiency of thermal conductivity and thermal energy in particles. Reduction was captured in the velocity gradient and temperature gradient against changes in the thermal radiation number. The opposite trend was tabulated into motion with respect to the volume fraction number for both cases ($Cu$–water and $A{l}_2{O}_3$–water). Full article

Similar to other fluids (Newtonian and non-Newtonian), micropolar fluid also exhibits symmetric flow and exact symmetric solution similar to the Navier–Stokes equation; however, it is not always realizable. In this article, the Buongiorno mathematical model of hydromagnetic micropolar nanofluid is considered. A joint phenomenon of heat and mass transfer is studied in this work. This model indeed incorporates two important effects, namely, the Brownian motion and the thermophoretic. In addition, the effects of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) and chemical reaction are considered. The fluid is taken over a slanted, stretching surface making an inclination with the vertical one. Suitable similarity transformations are applied to develop a nonlinear transformed model in terms of ODEs (ordinary differential equations). For the numerical simulations, an efficient, stable, and reliable scheme of Keller-box is applied to the transformed model. More exactly, the governing system of equations is written in the first order system and then arranged in the forms of a matrix system using the block-tridiagonal factorization. These numerical simulations are then arranged in graphs for various parameters of interest. The physical quantities including skin friction, Nusselt number, and Sherwood number along with different effects involved in the governing equations are also justified through graphs. The consequences reveal that concentration profile increases by increasing chemical reaction parameters. In addition, the Nusselt number and Sherwood number decreases by decreasing the inclination. Full article