Sign in to use this feature.

Years

Between: -

Subjects

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Journals

Article Types

Countries / Regions

remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline
remove_circle_outline

Search Results (153)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = perceived stress scores (PSS)

Order results
Result details
Results per page
Select all
Export citation of selected articles as:
17 pages, 962 KiB  
Article
Impact of COVID-19 on Mental Health in Nursing Students and Non-Nursing Students: A Cross-Sectional Study
by Verena Dresen, Liliane Sigmund, Siegmund Staggl, Bernhard Holzner, Gerhard Rumpold, Laura R. Fischer-Jbali, Markus Canazei and Elisabeth Weiss
Nurs. Rep. 2025, 15(8), 286; https://doi.org/10.3390/nursrep15080286 - 6 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objective: Nursing and non-nursing students experience high stress levels, making them susceptible to mental health issues. This study compared stress, anxiety, and depression between these two groups after 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it explored the relationship between perceived helplessness, [...] Read more.
Background/Objective: Nursing and non-nursing students experience high stress levels, making them susceptible to mental health issues. This study compared stress, anxiety, and depression between these two groups after 2 years of the COVID-19 pandemic. Additionally, it explored the relationship between perceived helplessness, self-efficacy, and symptoms of mental stress and strain resulting from challenging internship conditions for nursing students. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 154 nursing students (mean age = 22.43 years) and 291 non-nursing students (mean age = 27.7 years). Data were collected using the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS-21), Perceived Stress Scale-10 (PSS-10), and a questionnaire on mental stress and strain. Results: Nursing students reported significantly higher scores in the DASS-21 subscales depression (ηp2 = 0.016) and anxiety (ηp2 = 0.037), and global stress (PSS-10; ηp2 = 0.029) compared to non-nursing students, but no significant difference on the DASS-21 Stress subscale. The observed group differences in the present study may be partially attributed to group differences in demographic factors. Helplessness correlated strongly with nearly all scales of mental stress and strain during internships (all p’s < 0.001), while self-efficacy showed a strong negative correlation with non-occupational difficulties, health impairment, and emotional problems (all p’s < 0.001). Conclusions: Nursing students experience elevated depression, anxiety, and perceived stress levels compared to non-nursing students. Stronger feelings of helplessness and lower confidence in their ability to overcome challenges were strongly correlated with mental stress and strain during clinical training. Targeted interventions such as cognitive behavioral training and stress management should be integrated into nursing curricula to enhance resilience and coping strategies. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 614 KiB  
Article
Development of Cut Scores for Feigning Spectrum Behavior on the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire and the Perceived Stress Scale: A Simulation Study
by John Edward McMahon, Ashley Craig and Ian Douglas Cameron
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(15), 5504; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14155504 - 5 Aug 2025
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Feigning spectrum behavior (FSB) is the exaggeration, fabrication, or false imputation of symptoms. It occurs in compensable injury with great cost to society by way of loss of productivity and excessive costs. The aim of this study is to identify feigning [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Feigning spectrum behavior (FSB) is the exaggeration, fabrication, or false imputation of symptoms. It occurs in compensable injury with great cost to society by way of loss of productivity and excessive costs. The aim of this study is to identify feigning by developing cut scores on the long and short forms (SF) of the Orebro Musculoskeletal Pain Screening Questionnaire (OMPSQ and OMPSQ-SF) and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS and PSS-4). Methods: As part of pre-screening for a support program, 40 injured workers who had been certified unfit for work for more than 2 weeks were screened once with the OMPSQ and PSS by telephone by a mental health professional. A control sample comprised of 40 non-injured community members were screened by a mental health professional on four occasions under different aliases, twice responding genuinely and twice simulating an injury. Results: Differences between the workplace injured people and the community sample were compared using ANCOVA with age and gender as covariates, and then receiver operator characteristics (ROCs) were calculated. The OMPSQ and OMPSQ-SF discriminated (ρ < 0.001) between all conditions. All measures discriminated between the simulation condition and workplace injured people (ρ < 0.001). Intraclass correlation demonstrated the PSS, PSS-4, OMPSQ, and OMPSQ-SF were reliable (ρ < 0.001). Area Under the Curve (AUC) was 0.750 for OMPSQ and 0.835 for OMPSQ-SF for work-injured versus simulators. Conclusions: The measures discriminated between injured and non-injured people and non-injured people instructed to simulate injury. Non-injured simulators produced similar scores when they had multiple exposures to the test materials, showing the uniformity of feigning spectrum behavior on these measures. The OMPSQ-SF has adequate discriminant validity and sensitivity to feigning spectrum behavior, making it optimal for telephone screening in clinical practice. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Clinical Rehabilitation)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 272 KiB  
Article
Effects of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy-Based Educational Intervention Addressing Fine Particulate Matter Exposure on the Mental Health of Elementary School Children
by Eun-Ju Bae, Seobaek Cha, Dong-Wook Lee, Hwan-Cheol Kim, Jiho Lee, Myung-Sook Park, Woo-Jin Kim, Sumi Chae, Jong-Hun Kim, Young Lim Lee and Myung Ho Lim
Children 2025, 12(8), 1015; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12081015 - 1 Aug 2025
Viewed by 259
Abstract
Objectives: This study assessed the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based fine dust education program, grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM), on elementary students’ fine dust knowledge, related behaviors, and mental health (depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality). Methods: From [...] Read more.
Objectives: This study assessed the effectiveness of a cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)-based fine dust education program, grounded in the Health Belief Model (HBM), on elementary students’ fine dust knowledge, related behaviors, and mental health (depression, anxiety, stress, sleep quality). Methods: From September to November 2024, 95 students (grades 4–6) living near a coal-fired power plant in midwestern South Korea were assigned to either an intervention group (n = 44) or a control group (n = 51). The intervention group completed a three-session CBT-based education program; the control group received stress management education. Assessments were conducted at weeks 1, 2, 4, and 8 using standardized mental health and behavior scales (PHQ: Patient Health Questionnaire, GAD: Generalized Anxiety Disorder Assessment, PSS: Perceived Stress Scale, ISI: Insomnia Severity Index). Results: A chi-square test was conducted to compare pre- and post-test changes in knowledge and behavior related to PM2.5. The intervention group showed significant improvements in seven fine dust-related knowledge and behavior items (e.g., PM2.5 awareness rose from 33.3% to 75.0%; p < 0.05). The control group showed limited gains. Regarding mental health, based on a mixed-design ANCOVA, anxiety scores significantly declined over time in the intervention group, with group and interaction effects also significant (p < 0.05). Depression scores showed time effects, but group and interaction effects were not significant. No significant changes were observed for stress, sleep, or group × PM2.5 interactions. Conclusions: The CBT-based education program effectively enhanced fine dust knowledge, health behaviors, and reduced anxiety among students. It presents a promising, evidence-based strategy to promote environmental and mental health in school-aged children. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Mental Health and Well-Being in Children (2nd Edition))
16 pages, 1213 KiB  
Article
Assessing an Outdoor Office Work Intervention: Exploring the Relevance of Measuring Frequency, Perceived Stress, Quality of Life and Connectedness to Nature
by Dorthe Djernis, Charlotte Petersson Troije, Victoria Linn Lygum, Peter Bentsen, Sidse Grangaard, Yun Ladegaard, Helle Haahr Nielsen, Katia Dupret and Christian Gaden Jensen
Healthcare 2025, 13(14), 1677; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13141677 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 263
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Outdoor office work (OOW) has been shown to promote health and well-being and to reduce stress. However, few empirical studies have examined research-based, simple approaches to implementing OOW. In preparation for a larger study, we conducted a feasibility study focusing on limited [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Outdoor office work (OOW) has been shown to promote health and well-being and to reduce stress. However, few empirical studies have examined research-based, simple approaches to implementing OOW. In preparation for a larger study, we conducted a feasibility study focusing on limited efficacy testing of potentially relevant outcomes for future OOW research. Methods: The simple Pop Out OOW programme consists of three workshops and access to online tutorials designed to support employees in transitioning relevant everyday office tasks outdoors. Before and after a 12-week intervention, employees from five small- and medium-sized Danish companies (N = 70) reported their weekly number of days including OOW, connectedness to nature (CNS and INS), Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and well-being (WHO-5) scores. Results: At baseline, higher CNS scores were associated with a greater number of days including OOW per week (r = 0.25, p = 0.020). Following the intervention, participants reported a significant increase in the number of days per week with OOW (p < 0.01, d = 0.65). CNS scores also increased significantly (p = 0.019, d = 0.32). No significant changes were observed in stress or well-being scores across the entire sample. However, participants with PSS scores exceeding a national Danish criterion for high stress (n = 11) exhibited a significant and substantial reduction in perceived stress (p < 0.01, d = 1.00). Conclusions: Days including OOW, along with PSS and CNS scores, may serve as relevant outcome measures in future studies evaluating interventions aimed at promoting OOW. These outcomes should be assessed in larger and more diverse and controlled samples to establish generalisability. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Outdoor and Nature Therapy)
Show Figures

Figure 1

13 pages, 308 KiB  
Article
Initial Psychological Evaluation in Couples with Unexplained Infertility: Focusing on Gender Differences
by Rebecca Ciacchini, Andrea Piarulli, Bianca Bottai, Graziella Orrù, Angelo Gemignani and Ciro Conversano
Psychol. Int. 2025, 7(3), 63; https://doi.org/10.3390/psycholint7030063 - 11 Jul 2025
Viewed by 326
Abstract
This study explored psychological distress and gender differences among couples diagnosed with unexplained infertility (UI) and undergoing evaluation for assisted reproductive treatment at the AOUP Santa Chiara Hospital in Pisa, Italy. A total of 21 heterosexual couples (N = 42) completed the Perceived [...] Read more.
This study explored psychological distress and gender differences among couples diagnosed with unexplained infertility (UI) and undergoing evaluation for assisted reproductive treatment at the AOUP Santa Chiara Hospital in Pisa, Italy. A total of 21 heterosexual couples (N = 42) completed the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Depression Anxiety Stress Scale (DASS-21), Defeat Scale (DS), and Core-Fertility Quality of Life questionnaire (Core-FertiQol). Women reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and stress compared to men, as confirmed both by DASS-21 and PSS scores. No significant gender differences emerged either in depressive symptoms or defeat. In the Core-FertiQol, women scored higher in the Mind–Body component. Within-couple comparisons mirrored between-gender findings, with women showing higher distress. Despite elevated distress levels, women also demonstrated relatively preserved quality of life, possibly reflecting more adaptive coping strategies. The study provides preliminary support for the development of mindfulness-based interventions tailored to couples coping with UI. Further research with larger samples is needed to clarify gender-specific mechanisms and inform integrated psychological care in fertility settings. Full article
20 pages, 976 KiB  
Article
Disordered Eating Behaviors, Perceived Stress and Insomnia During Academic Exams: A Study Among University Students
by Elena-Gabriela Strete, Mădălina-Gabriela Cincu and Andreea Sălcudean
Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1226; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071226 - 6 Jul 2025
Viewed by 515
Abstract
Background and Objectives: During exam sessions, many students experience high levels of stress caused by the large volume of material to study, tight deadlines, and pressure to achieve top grades. This study aimed to examine the relationship between academic stress, sleep disturbances, and [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: During exam sessions, many students experience high levels of stress caused by the large volume of material to study, tight deadlines, and pressure to achieve top grades. This study aimed to examine the relationship between academic stress, sleep disturbances, and eating behaviors by using validated questionnaires administered to a student sample. As stress levels increased, the data revealed a higher frequency of insomnia symptoms and disordered eating, including behaviors such as compulsive eating and irregular meal patterns. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional, correlational study was conducted on a convenience sample of 317 university students from various academic centers across Romania. Participants were recruited via online distribution of a self-administered questionnaire during a four-month period, including exam sessions. The survey included the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q), alongside additional items assessing perceived links between stress, sleep, and eating behaviors, and the use of medication. Data were analyzed using SPSS with Spearman correlations, t-tests, and linear regression. Results: Statistical analyses revealed significant and positive associations between perceived stress levels and insomnia, as indicated by Spearman’s correlation (p < 0.01). A similar significant correlation was identified between perceived stress and disordered eating behaviors among students. Specifically, the feeling of being overwhelmed by academic workload showed a strong positive correlation with a lack of control over eating behaviors (r = 0.568). Furthermore, linear regression analysis confirmed a significant predictive relationship between feeling overwhelmed and the tendency to eat excessively beyond initial intentions, with a standardized regression coefficient B = 0.581 (p < 0.001). A separate regression analysis focusing on exam-related stress and episodes of compulsive eating behavior demonstrated a comparable result (B = 0.573, p < 0.001), indicating a robust positive association. Additionally, independent samples t-tests demonstrated that students experiencing high levels of stress during the exam period reported significantly greater difficulties with sleep initiation and higher levels of disordered eating compared to their peers with lower stress levels. The difference in insomnia scores was highly significant (t = 11.516, p < 0.001), as was the difference in eating behavior scores (t = 10.931, p < 0.001). Conclusions: These findings underscore the need for emotional support services and effective stress management strategies, enabling students to navigate academic demands without compromising their mental or physical well-being. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Public Mental Health Crisis during SARS-CoV-2 Pandemic—Part 2)
Show Figures

Figure 1

14 pages, 700 KiB  
Article
The Association Between Psychosocial Stress and Perinatal Maternal Depressive Symptoms: A Case–Control Study in a Regional Medical Center in Hungary
by Anita Sisák, Evelin Polanek, Regina Molnár, Andrea Szabó, Ferenc Rárosi, Armita Hosseini, Gábor Németh, Hajnalka Orvos and Edit Paulik
J. Pers. Med. 2025, 15(7), 287; https://doi.org/10.3390/jpm15070287 - 3 Jul 2025
Viewed by 292
Abstract
Perinatal depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in women. The aim of this study was to assess the association of life stressors, perceived stress, obstetric and neonatal complications, and depressive symptoms in the early postpartum period and to compare these [...] Read more.
Perinatal depression is one of the most common mental illnesses in women. The aim of this study was to assess the association of life stressors, perceived stress, obstetric and neonatal complications, and depressive symptoms in the early postpartum period and to compare these variables in two groups of women (preterm and term deliveries). Methods: A case–control study was conducted among 300 women who gave birth in 2019 at the University of Szeged. Cases included women with preterm deliveries (<37 weeks, n = 100), and the controls included women with term deliveries (≥37 weeks, n = 200). Data were collected during postpartum hospital stays through a self-administered questionnaire (containing validated questionnaires: the Holmes–Rahe Life Stress Inventory, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-14), and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)) and the medical records of women and newborns. A descriptive statistical analysis and logistic regression were used to identify predictors of high EPDS scores (≥10). Results: Perceived stress levels were significantly higher among cases than controls (p < 0.001). Higher perceived stress was associated with a higher risk of depression in cases (OR: 1.31, 95% CI: 1.17–1.48, p < 0.001) and controls (OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.21–1.45, p < 0.001), too. Newborn complications were associated with an increased perinatal depression risk in the controls (OR: 2.48, 95% CI: 1.05–5.91; p = 0.039) but not in the cases (OR: 2.79, 95% CI: 0.79–9.85; p = 0.111). It is supposed that premature birth was stressful itself, and women with preterm babies were less sensitive to any complications occurring in their newborns compared to women with term newborns. Neither maternal age, education, nor obstetric complications predicted depressive symptoms. Conclusions: Our findings highlight the impact of maternal perceived stress and newborns’ health status on the risk of developing depression during the early postpartum period. These results emphasize the need for ongoing screening and follow-up measures, especially for women with higher EPDS scores. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Epidemiology)
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 261 KiB  
Article
Relationship Between Perceived Stress Level, Psychological Flexibility, Depression, and Anxiety in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction
by Esra Polat, Şükrü Çiriş, Zekiye Çelikbas and Afnan Chaudhry
Medicina 2025, 61(7), 1139; https://doi.org/10.3390/medicina61071139 - 25 Jun 2025
Viewed by 316
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Stress and type A personality are known to be risk factors for the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and depression is both a risk factor for AMI and a prognostic factor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate [...] Read more.
Background and Objectives: Stress and type A personality are known to be risk factors for the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI), and depression is both a risk factor for AMI and a prognostic factor. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the relationship between psychological flexibility, perceived stress level, depression, and anxiety in AMI patients. Material and Methods: The study included 89 patients with a diagnosis of AMI and 89 volunteer participants with no previous history of coronary angiography and no diagnosis of AMI. Patients were evaluated with the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire (AAQ)-II, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS)-14. Results: A strong positive statistically significant correlation was found between the Perceived Stress Scale score and HAD-II (r = 0.697 p < 0.001), HAD-Anxiety (r = 0.715 p < 0.001), and HAD-Depression (r = 0.657 p < 0.001) scores. A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was found between the HAD-Depression Scale and HAD-Anxiety (r = 0.593 p < 0.001) and AAQ-II (r = 0.530 p < 0.001) scores. A strong positive statistically significant correlation was found between the HAD-Anxiety Scale and AAQ-II (r = 0.809 p < 0.001) scores. Conclusions: Investigation of psychological flexibility, anxiety, and depression in AMI patients with scales such as AAQ-II, PSS-14, and HADS may help early diagnosis and treatment of individuals at risk for psychiatric disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Cardiology)
18 pages, 651 KiB  
Article
The Associations Between Chronotype and Mental Health in Nursing Students
by Vanessa Ibáñez-del Valle, Rut Navarro-Martínez and Omar Cauli
J. Clin. Med. 2025, 14(13), 4440; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm14134440 - 23 Jun 2025
Viewed by 656
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Numerous studies have documented the effect of human chronotypes on psychological well-being. This study aimed to examine the associations of chronotype subtypes and mental health among Spanish university students. Methods: Sociodemographic data were collected electronically using a self-administered questionnaire with [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Numerous studies have documented the effect of human chronotypes on psychological well-being. This study aimed to examine the associations of chronotype subtypes and mental health among Spanish university students. Methods: Sociodemographic data were collected electronically using a self-administered questionnaire with Google Forms. In addition, participants completed The Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) by Horne and Östberg, the Goldberg Anxiety and Depression Scale (GADS), and the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). Results: Two hundred and eighty-nine students participated in the study. The most prevalent chronotype in the study sample was the intermediate (64.4%), followed by the evening (19.4%) and the morning (16.3%) chronotypes. Based on cut-off scores of the instruments used, the percentage of students with relevant symptoms of anxiety, depression and stress was high, 45.3%, 46.4% and 79.6%, respectively. Statistical analysis showed statistically significant differences between the total score of the Goldberg scale and the three chronotype categories, with higher scores in the evening group. A multivariate regression model analysis also identified a statistically significant correlation between the depression subscale and chronotype (R squared = 0.287) and between evening vs. morning chronotype (OR = 0.48; IC 95% [0.23–0.98]) and evening vs. intermediate chronotype (OR = 2.60; 95% CI [1.00–5.08]). In turn, the depression subscale showed a statistically significant correlation with the variables gender (OR = 2.22; 95% CI [1.03–4.76] being more frequent in women) and daily consumption of stimulant drinks (OR = 0.54; 95% CI [0.31–0.94]; being higher in people with lower consumption). The anxiety subscale showed a statistically significant correlation with chronotype (R squared = 0.309) and with evening vs. morning chronotype (OR = 0.46, 95% CI [0.22–0.94]). With respect to stress, there was a statistically significant correlation with gender (OR = 3.08, 95% CI [1.40–6.79], being more frequent in women), with chronotype (R squared = 0.141), and with evening vs. morning chronotype (OR = 0.34, 95% CI [0.16–0.72]). Conclusions: Our results suggest that students with an evening chronotype are more likely to suffer from mental health problems, and interventions to improve their mental health are necessary. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mental Health)
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 218 KiB  
Article
Selected Moral Issues and the Stress Experienced by Paediatric Nurses
by Anna Stefanowicz-Bielska, Magdalena Słomion, Agnieszka Olińska, Małgorzata Rąpała, Julia Behling and Joanna Stefanowicz
Healthcare 2025, 13(11), 1306; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13111306 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 405
Abstract
Background/Objectives: The high sensitivity of paediatric nurses directly influences the quality of nursing care provided to patients. The purpose of this study is to present the most frequent issues faced by paediatric nurses in their everyday work and their responses to difficult [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: The high sensitivity of paediatric nurses directly influences the quality of nursing care provided to patients. The purpose of this study is to present the most frequent issues faced by paediatric nurses in their everyday work and their responses to difficult situations at work, define the actions applied when a difficult situation occurs, and assess the level of stress and other factors influencing the level of stress experienced by paediatric nurses. Methods: This study was conducted using an original survey form and a standardised psychological questionnaire based on the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for paediatric nurses. Results: The study involved 416 paediatric nurses and indicated a medium level of stress among the nurses. The median stress level, calculated as the sum of answers to questions based on the PSS-10, was 18 (16.0 ÷ 20.0), and the mean was 17.9 (min–max = 1–30). The median Sten score was 6 (5.0 ÷ 7.0), and the mean Sten score was 5.94 (min–max = 2–9). Nurses aged 21–30 years, who live in a city, have a Bachelor of Science in Nursing or a Master of Science in Nursing, and work ≥ 61 h a week and 161–250 h a month experience a higher level of stress. Factors such as choosing which child to help first, spending a great deal of time filling out medical documentation, obtaining a sick child’s consent to perform nursing procedures which the child does not understand, involving the minor in decision-making, impolite or offensive behaviour from a sick child or their parents, ineffective nursing and treatment methods, providing care against the opinion/views of a sick child or their parents, difficulties in or a lack of understanding of the situation of a sick child and their family, performing nursing procedures that can cause the child pain, and the inability to fulfil a sick child’s request increase the level of stress experienced by paediatric nurses. When a difficult situation occurs at work occurs, the nurses usually meet and talk about the situation with someone close (72.4%) or engage in other activities to avoid thinking about the situation (66.6%). They consult a psychologist/psychotherapist very rarely (9.6%) and a psychiatrist extremely rarely (4.6%). Conclusions: Polish paediatric nurses were found to experience a medium level of stress. Since paediatric nurses are exposed to stress, providing them with psychological care is important. The level of perceived stress is dependent on the nurse’s age, place of residence, and education, as well as weekly and monthly working durations. Paediatric nurses experience many difficult situations in their everyday work that influence their stress levels. Management should pay special attention to difficult workplace situations faced by paediatric nurses and implement regular actions to reduce the levels of stress experienced. Full article
17 pages, 297 KiB  
Article
Validation of Perceived Stress Scale-10 Among Greek Middle Adolescents: Associations Between Stressful Life Events and Perceived Stress
by Ntina Kourmousi, Kalliopi Kounenou, Christos Pezirkianidis, Antonios Kalamatianos and George P. Chrousos
Soc. Sci. 2025, 14(6), 344; https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci14060344 - 28 May 2025
Viewed by 981
Abstract
Stress significantly impacts adolescents’ health. Therefore, its measurement is of critical importance. This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of a Greek adolescent version of PSS-10 among middle adolescents. This study’s questionnaire, which was completed by 169 adolescents aged 15–18, included a [...] Read more.
Stress significantly impacts adolescents’ health. Therefore, its measurement is of critical importance. This study aims to assess the psychometric properties of a Greek adolescent version of PSS-10 among middle adolescents. This study’s questionnaire, which was completed by 169 adolescents aged 15–18, included a Greek linguistic, cultural, and age-appropriate version of the PSS-10 and the validated Greek ASQ version. Confirmatory factor and exploratory factor analyses were conducted. Convergent validity was tested through Pearson’s r intercorrelations among PSS-10 scales and ASQ and PSS-10 scales. Discriminant construct validity was determined by the association between PSS-10 scales and gender, grade, diploma grade, and following daily routines using Student’s t-tests or analysis of variance (ANOVA). Confirmatory factor analysis was not satisfactory. Exploratory factor analysis revealed two factors: perceived coping and perceived control, which explained 25.8% and 23.8% of the variance, respectively. Internal consistency reliability was satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha > 0.70). Positive and significant correlations were found between ASQ and PSS-10 scores, indicating satisfactory convergent validity. Concerning discriminant validity, students who followed daily routines appeared to have less perceived stress. The Greek version of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) for adolescents is a valid instrument and can be used by professionals to rapidly screen perceived stress in adolescent populations. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Childhood and Youth Studies)
17 pages, 571 KiB  
Article
Impact of Vitamin B1 and Vitamin B2 Supplementation on Anxiety, Stress, and Sleep Quality: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial
by Yingxuan Tao, Murong Wu, Boyao Su, Heng Lin, Qianzi Li, Tian Zhong, Ying Xiao and Xi Yu
Nutrients 2025, 17(11), 1821; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17111821 - 27 May 2025
Viewed by 3815
Abstract
Background: Anxiety, stress, and sleep disturbances significantly affect overall health. Research suggests that vitamins B1 and B2 may play a role in mood regulation and neuroprotection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B1 and B2 supplementation in alleviating anxiety [...] Read more.
Background: Anxiety, stress, and sleep disturbances significantly affect overall health. Research suggests that vitamins B1 and B2 may play a role in mood regulation and neuroprotection. This study aimed to investigate the effects of vitamin B1 and B2 supplementation in alleviating anxiety and stress and improving sleep quality. Methods: This study was a parallel randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Participants (n = 43) were randomized to receive one of the following two interventions: 100 mg of vitamin B1 and 100 mg of vitamin B2 or placebo. Intervention outcomes were assessed at baseline and week four, including SAS (Self-Rating Anxiety Scale), PSS (Perceived Stress Scale), PSQI (Sleep Quality Index), ESS (Sleepiness Scale), and measurement of urinary vitamin B1 and B2 levels. Results: After four weeks, urinary vitamin B1 levels increased from 158 ± 108.9 ng to 1333.1 ± 1204.5 ng (p < 0.01), and urinary vitamin B2 levels increased from 308.0 ± 198.3 ng to 6123.2 ± 4847.2 ng in the supplement group (p < 0.01). The PSS scores decreased significantly in the supplement group from 21.5 ± 4.1 to 15.5 ± 4.5 (p < 0.05), while the placebo group showed a change from 20.3 ± 4.3 to 19.8 ± 5.5. Vitamins B1 and B2 did not have a significant effect on anxiety improvement (p > 0.05). The PSQI scores decreased in the supplement group from 8.0 ± 3.12 to 6.3 ± 2.0 (p < 0.05), while the placebo group worsened from 5.7 ± 2.7 to 7.4 ± 2.9. Meanwhile, the ESS scores in the supplement group decreased from 13.0 ± 3.4 to 9.1 ± 3.9 (p < 0.05), demonstrating a significant improvement compared to the placebo group. Conclusions: The clinical trial findings demonstrated that while vitamin B1 and B2 supplements helped reduce stress, enhance sleep, and reduce sleepiness, they had no discernible impact on reducing anxiety. Future studies should focus on the long-term effects of vitamin B1 and B2 supplements, exploring the combined effects of combined vitamin B1 and B2 medications for the treatment of stress and sleep disorders. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Micronutrients and Human Health)
Show Figures

Graphical abstract

13 pages, 3312 KiB  
Article
Physiological and Psychological Impacts of Shift Work Among Student Pharmacists: Sex Differences in Stress and Health Outcomes
by Mohammed F. Salahuddin, Richard Bugingo, Fakhri Mahdi, Delilah Spencer, Md Dilshad Manzar and Jason J. Paris
Psychiatry Int. 2025, 6(2), 47; https://doi.org/10.3390/psychiatryint6020047 - 21 Apr 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 617
Abstract
Shift work is prevalent among healthcare professionals and associated with significant health risks, including stress, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders. Despite known sex differences in stress responses, their impact on shift workers, particularly student pharmacists, is understudied. The objective of this study was [...] Read more.
Shift work is prevalent among healthcare professionals and associated with significant health risks, including stress, sleep disturbances, and mood disorders. Despite known sex differences in stress responses, their impact on shift workers, particularly student pharmacists, is understudied. The objective of this study was to explore sex-specific differences in psychological and physiological stress responses among pharmacy students engaged in shift work. Psychological stress was assessed using validated scales like the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), Shift Work Disorder Index (SWDI), Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST), and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). Additionally physiological stress was assessed using salivary biomarkers like cortisol, DHEA-S, IL-6, and alpha-amylase. Females reported significantly higher perceived stress (p = 0.0004), SWDI (p = 0.0302), insomnia (p = 0.0111), and negative affect (p = 0.0171) compared to males. Rotating shift workers showed elevated scores across all measures (p = 0.0005–0.0381). Female rotating shift workers exhibited higher alpha-amylases (p = 0.0191) and lower DHEA-S levels (p = 0.0176) than males. Strong correlations emerged between perceived stress and insomnia (r = 0.40, p = 0.0001) and between insomnia and negative affect (r = 0.55, p < 0.0001). Findings highlight females’ vulnerability, underscoring the need for sex-specific interventions and the early identification of stress biomarkers. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

15 pages, 878 KiB  
Article
A Stress Management and Health Coaching Intervention to Empower Office Employees to Better Control Daily Stressors and Adopt Healthy Routines
by Despoina Ziaka, Xanthi Tigani, Christina Kanaka-Gantenbein and Evangelos C. Alexopoulos
Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health 2025, 22(4), 548; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22040548 - 2 Apr 2025
Viewed by 966
Abstract
The present pilot randomized control study examined the effectiveness of an 8-week stress management and health coaching intervention on perceived stress, healthy routines, sleep quality, self-efficacy, self-esteem and happiness. A total of 38 office employees were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG, [...] Read more.
The present pilot randomized control study examined the effectiveness of an 8-week stress management and health coaching intervention on perceived stress, healthy routines, sleep quality, self-efficacy, self-esteem and happiness. A total of 38 office employees were randomly assigned to the intervention group (IG, n = 20) or the control group (CG, n = 18) and validated tools were used to assess outcomes. Statistically significant differences in the IG after the 8 weeks were observed in perceived stress (i.e., a decrease in PSS-14 score, p = 0.043), in “Daily Routine”, i.e., an increase in control over the consistent timing of meals and sleep (p = 0.001) and in “Social and Mental Balance”, i.e., an increase in inclination to socialize, balance leisure and personal time and adopt positive thinking or cognitive control over stressors (p = 0.003). These improvements were reflected in an increase in total healthy lifestyle and personal control score (HLPCQ, p = 0.048). Short time and stress management and coaching interventions at workplaces can empower employees to increase control over stressors and to take the first step in adopting healthy behaviors by recognizing bad habits. Furthermore, in building sustainable employment, an empowered employee would participate at an organizational level more actively. Our preliminary results strongly support the idea that primary health care professionals should be educated in health coaching and relaxation techniques. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

12 pages, 839 KiB  
Article
Quality of Life and Stress-Related Psychological Distress Among Families Caring for Children with Cardiac Malformations Under Conservative Treatment: A Cross-Sectional Study Using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey, the Perceived Stress Scale, and the Parental Burnout Assessment Scale
by Andrada Ioana Dumitru, Mirabela Dima and Marioara Boia
Diseases 2025, 13(4), 95; https://doi.org/10.3390/diseases13040095 - 25 Mar 2025
Viewed by 451
Abstract
Families caring for children with congenital cardiac malformations under conservative management frequently experience psychological distress, which can compromise their overall quality of life (QoL). Despite growing recognition of the psychosocial burdens these families face, few studies have quantitatively assessed their QoL and stress-related [...] Read more.
Families caring for children with congenital cardiac malformations under conservative management frequently experience psychological distress, which can compromise their overall quality of life (QoL). Despite growing recognition of the psychosocial burdens these families face, few studies have quantitatively assessed their QoL and stress-related outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the QoL, perceived stress, and parental burnout in caregivers of pediatric patients with cardiac malformations under conservative treatment. Methods: We conducted an observational, cross-sectional study of 78 caregivers (median age of 36 years) whose children (median age was 6.0 months) received conservative management for congenital cardiac malformations. Data were collected at two time points (diagnosis of congenital disease approximately at the time of birth, and six months after diagnosis) using the 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS), and the Parental Burnout Assessment (PBA). Statistical analyses included paired t-tests, chi-square tests, and Pearson correlation analyses; p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Mean SF-36 Physical Component Summary scores significantly increased from 59.7 ± 11.7 at baseline to 63.5 ± 12.1 at six months (p = 0.026). PSS scores decreased from 22.9 ± 6.2 to 20.4 ± 5.9 (p = 0.012), indicating reduced perceived stress. Parental Burnout Assessment total scores also declined from 44.9 ± 8.5 to 40.1 ± 8.0 (p = 0.003). Correlation analyses revealed moderate negative correlations between SF-36 domains and both PSS (r range: −0.40 to −0.58) and PBA (r range: −0.34 to −0.52). Conclusions: Our findings highlight the multifaceted challenges faced by caregivers of children with cardiac malformations under conservative treatment. Improvements in QoL, accompanied by decreased perceived stress and parental burnout over six months, underscore the potential value of both clinical monitoring and targeted psychosocial support. Future research should explore larger, multicenter cohorts and longer follow-up durations to clarify long-term trends. Implementing interventions aimed at alleviating stress and burnout in these families may be pivotal for sustaining well-being and enhancing patient outcome. Full article
Show Figures

Figure 1

Back to TopTop