In a semiconductor manufacturing process, defect cause analysis is a challenging task because the process includes consecutive fabrication phases involving numerous facilities. Recently, in accordance with the shrinking chip pitches, fabrication (FAB...
Ultrasonic imaging methods show significant advantages in detecting internal defects of composite crystalline materials. For polymer-bonded explosives (PBXs) with highly filled crystalline particles, the strong acoustic attenuation caused by their he...
For the problem of defect inversion in magnetic flux leakage technology, a fast, globally convergent particle swarm optimization algorithm based on the finite-element forward model is introduced as an inverse iterative algorithm in this paper. Two as...
As a critical foundational component, bearings find widespread application in various mechanical equipment. In order to achieve automated defect detection in the bearing-manufacturing process, a defect detection algorithm combining magnetic particle...
Understanding the hydration behavior of cementitious materials is crucial as it governs the setting, strength development and long-term durability of concrete. This study provides fundamental insights into these processes by investigating the early h...
A model framework for the prediction of defects in strip steel is proposed with the objective of enhancing the accuracy of defect detection. Initially, the data are balanced through the utilisation of the Improved Synthetic Minority Oversampling Tech...
The novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 has caused a pandemic resulting in millions of deaths worldwide. While multiple vaccines have been developed, insufficient vaccination combined with adaptive mutations create uncertainty for the future. Here, we discu...
The Al2O3 inclusions and mold flux particles are the initial causes of the sliver defects on the surface of automobile exposed panels. During the rolling process, the smashed Al2O3 inclusions or mold flux particles will hinder the growth of recrystal...
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are particles containing defective viral genomes (DVGs) generated during viral replication. DIPs have been found in various RNA viruses, especially in influenza viruses. Evidence indicates that DIPs interfere wi...
The genomes of RNA viruses may be monopartite or multipartite, and sub-genomic particles such as defective RNAs (D RNAs) or satellite RNAs (satRNAs) can be associated with some of them. D RNAs are small, deletion mutants of a virus that have lost ess...
In order to improve the effectiveness of partial discharge detection in attached metal particle insulators, this paper proposes a partial discharge detection method for particle defects in insulators under high-frequency sinusoidal voltage excitation...
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are at the heart of many novel devices due to their unique and often superior properties. For simplicity, 2D materials are often assumed to exist in their text-book form, i.e., as an ideal solid with no imperfections. H...
RNA viruses pose a significant global public health burden due to their high mutation rates, zoonotic potential, and ability to evade immune responses. A common aspect of their replication is the generation of defective interfering particles (DIPs),...
SARS-CoV-2 still presents a global threat to human health due to the continued emergence of new strains and waning immunity among vaccinated populations. Therefore, it is still relevant to investigate potential therapeutics, such as therapeutic inter...
Modern vaccinology has increasingly focused on non-living vaccines, which are more stable than live-attenuated vaccines but often show limited immunogenicity. Immunostimulatory substances, known as adjuvants, are traditionally used to increase the ma...
Industrial tests and thermodynamic calculations were utilized to investigate the source and formation of magnetic particle inspection defects identified on the near-surface of the Cr5 back-up roll forged ingot, which was used in large cold rolling mi...
In this paper, efficient managing particle swarm optimization (EMPSO) for high dimension problem is proposed to estimate defect profile from magnetic flux leakage (MFL) signal. In the proposed EMPSO, in order to strengthen exchange of information amo...
New broadly acting and readily available antiviral agents are needed to combat existing and emerging viruses. Defective interfering particles (DIPs) of influenza A virus (IAV) are regarded as promising options for the prevention and treatment of IAV...
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) emerged in late 2019 and resulted in a devastating pandemic. Although the first approved vaccines were already administered by the end of 2020, w...
Virus-like particles resemble infectious virus particles in size, shape, and molecular composition; however, they fail to productively infect host cells. Historically, the presence of virus-like particles has been inferred from total particle counts...
This paper studies the defect detection problem of adhesive layer of thermal insulation materials. A novel detection method based on an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm of Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is presented. Firs...
Fluorescent magnetic particle inspection (MPI) is a conventional non-destructive testing process for railway bearing rings that still needs to be completed manually. Due to the complexity of bearing ring surfaces in inspection, automatic detection fo...
Processing TiCp/TC4 composites has always been difficult due to the mismatch between the mechanical and thermal properties of the matrix and the reinforced particles, which results in a variety of machined surface defects. To expose the mechanism of...
Aimed to clarify the correlation characteristics between the internal partial discharge (PD) in negative direct current (DC) gas insulated system (GIS) and gas pressure initiated by two typical defects (i.e., free-metal particles and metal protrusion...
Chemical mechanical planarization (CMP) is a wafer-surface-polishing planarization technique based on a wet procedure that combines chemical and mechanical forces to fully flatten materials for semiconductors to be mounted on the wafer surface. The a...
Silicon carbide (SiC) is the leading wide bandgap semiconductor for high-power and high-temperature electronics, but the high defect density still limits device performance. This study investigates how inclusions, Basal Plane Dislocations (BPDs), and...
Introduction: Peri-implantitis is a serious complication in dental implantology that, if left untreated, may lead to implant loss and systemic diseases. Effective regeneration of bone defects resulting from peri-implantitis is crucial to maintaining...
We have generated defective Viral Hemorrhagic Septicemia Viruses (VHSV) which express either the green fluorescent protein (GFP) or a far-red fluorescent protein (mKate) by replacing the genes encoding the nucleoprotein N or the polymerase-associated...
During the manufacturing process of oil-immersed current transformers, metallic particles may become embedded in the insulation wrapping, and the resulting electric field distortion is one of the primary causes of failure. Historically, the shape of...
Microswimmers are key for unveiling new physical phenomena underlying their propulsion, especially when driven inside complex fluids. Liquid crystals are anisotropic complex fluids that feature long-range orientational order. The propulsion of non-ch...
The decomposition characteristics of a SF6 gas-insulated medium were used to diagnose the partial discharge (PD) severity in DC gas-insulated equipment (DC-GIE). First, the PD characteristics of the whole process were studied from the initial PD to t...
An alarming, asymmetric flame in rocket combustion originates from a composite solid propellant (CSP) containing defects. The defects are the result of a composition that exceeds the maximum particle packing density. Based on the structure analysis o...
Particle size of nanomaterials has significant impact on their photocatalyst properties. In this paper, TiO2 nanoparticles with different crystalline sizes were prepared by adjusting the alkali-hydrothermal time (0–48 h). An annealing in N2 atm...
In a companion paper, we demonstrated that the nucleoside analogue favipiravir (FAV) suppressed Zika virus (ZIKV) replication in three human-derived cell lines—HeLa, SK-N-MC, and HUH-7. Our results revealed that FAV’s effect was most pron...
The identification of slag inclusion defects in welds is of the utmost importance in guaranteeing the integrity, safety, and prolonged service life of welded structures. Most research focuses on different kinds of weld defects, but branch research on...
The creation of the natural ceiling rock of the coal seam is rife with fractures, holes, and other flaws. The angle of the defects has a significant influence on the mechanical characteristics and crack evolution of coal seam roof rock. Multi-scale n...
Understanding the corrosion risk of a pipeline is vital for maintaining health, safety and the environment. This study implemented a data-driven machine learning approach that relied on Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Particle Swarm Optimization...
Skewness Decision Tree Support Vector Machine (SDTSVM) algorithm is widely known as a supervised learning model for multi-class classification problems. However, the classification accuracy of the SDTSVM algorithm depends on the perfect selection of...
Because of the perceived lack of systematic analysis in illumination system design processes and a lack of criteria for design methods in vision detection a method for the design of a task-oriented illumination system is proposed. After detecting the...
Virus replication displays a large cell-to-cell heterogeneity; yet, not all sources of this variability are known. Here, we study the effect of defective interfering (DI) particle (DIP) co-infection on cell-to-cell variability in influenza A virus (I...
The host-vector shuttle and the bottleneck in dengue transmission is a significant aspect with regard to the study of dengue outbreaks. As mosquitoes require 100–1000 times more virus to become infected than human, the transmission of dengue vi...
There is always a desire for defect-free software in order to maintain software quality for customer satisfaction and to save testing expenses. As a result, we examined various known ML techniques and optimized ML techniques on a freely available dat...
Defective interfering particles (DIPs) are naturally occurring products during virus replication in infected cells. DIPs contain defective viral genomes (DVGs) and interfere with replication and propagation of their corresponding standard viral genom...
In this paper, the effect of interlaminar properties and the type of delamination defects on the residual compression properties of carbon fiber laminates were experimentally investigated. A new method, which employed magnetic force to guide the arra...
Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a significant global health problem. There are no specific therapeutics or widely available vaccines. Early diagnosis is critical for patient management. Viral RNA detection by multiplex RT-PCR using multiple pairs of...
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella zoster virus (VZV) rely on transport of virus particles in neuronal axons to spread from sites of viral latency in sensory ganglia to peripheral tissues then on to other hosts. This process of anterograde axon...
Nickel-based single-crystal superalloy turbine blades have been widely used in engines of aircrafts or power plants, but some defect grains are often found on the surface of the blade after full heat treatment or even after casting. Rhenium-rich part...
This animal study was aimed to evaluate the efficacy of new bone formation and volume maintenance according to the particle type and the collagen membrane function for grafted octacalcium phosphate (OCP) in rabbit calvarial defects. The synthetic bon...
The cathodic protection provided by epoxy coating/epoxy zinc-rich coatings on defective areas under atmospheric and immersion conditions was studied via a Q235 wire beam electrode (WBE), scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, and surface mo...
Critical-sized bone defects, or CSDs, are defined as bone defects that cannot be regenerated by themselves and require surgical intervention via employing specific biomaterials and a certain regenerative strategy. Although a variety of approaches can...
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