Search Results (16)

This study contributes to the literature on sustainable international investment by examining how public data openness—treated as a non-rivalrous production factor—enables firms to overcome information asymmetries, reduce financing constraints, and catalyze innovation-driven overseas expansion. Grounded in China’s dual strategic imperatives of digital factor marketization and high-quality outbound investment, we exploit the staggered rollout of municipal public data platforms (2008–2023) as a quasi-natural experiment and apply a firm- and city-level staggered difference-in-differences (DID) design to a sample of A-share listed firms. Our findings demonstrate that public data openness significantly enhances the sustainability of outward investment, measured through improved capital allocation efficiency and long-term resilience. Mechanism tests reveal that innovation capacity and eased financing constraints serve as key transmission channels, with stronger effects observed in firms with higher human capital endowments, robust internal controls, and exposure to technologically dynamic sectors. Heterogeneity analyses further indicate that the sustainability impact is amplified under environmental uncertainty, suggesting that data openness acts as an institutional buffer. The results offer actionable policy implications for aligning digital governance with corporate sustainability goals, and provide empirical grounding for integrating open data infrastructure into national strategies for responsible internationalization. Full article

The tire industry, as a long-established and mature sector, is undergoing a profound transformation driven by electrification, smart manufacturing, and sustainability. In this context, efficiency-oriented strategies and incremental improvements can no longer ensure long-term competitiveness. Using Michelin as a case study, this paper examines how open innovation operates as an organizational mechanism for fostering ambidexterity by balancing exploitation with the development of exploration capabilities. The findings reveal that Michelin integrates external knowledge through inbound, outbound, and coupled open innovation, while employing structural and domain separation to absorb, recombine, and institutionalize exploratory initiatives within core operations. This dual approach enables the firm to preserve efficiency advantages while cultivating adaptive capacity under technological and regulatory uncertainty. The study extends theories of open innovation and organizational ambidexterity to a mature manufacturing context and highlights the organizational conditions under which openness supports, rather than undermines, strategic renewal. It also offers practical implications for incumbent firms pursuing strategic transformation under uncertain technological and policy environments. Full article

This study aims to investigate the influence of open innovation on both resilience and sustainability, with the mediating effect of adaptability. This investigation is conducted through the lens of dynamic capabilities theory. Although many researchers regard OI as a crucial detector for performance enhancement, the mediating effect of OA in shaping the pathways in which it plays a mediating role in both OR and SP remains unexplored. While the majority of previous studies approached open innovation through inbound and outbound innovation positioned as a mediator or by investigating its direct impact either on OR or overall performance, few have concurrently approached it from the breadth and depth dimensions with respect to either performance or resilience. This study offers a comprehensive approach through its unique elements in which all underexplored factors are combined in one theoretical framework. To the best of our knowledge, this study is a pioneer in the UAE business market, providing insights from multisector employee-level data that differs from previous management-focused research. The data was analyzed using the SmartPLS 4 SEM approach. The findings indicate that OID directly influences OR, underscoring the significance of deep and sustained external collaboration. Meanwhile, OIB indirectly contributes to OR through OA, highlighting the significance of the mediating impact of OA. Moreover, both OIB and OID influence SP, positioning OI as a strategic lever for long-term, sustainable performance. This study contributes to the existing body of research by offering nuanced insights into and details on how organizations can benefit from various OI strategies that enhance resilience and sustainability in today’s dynamic business environments. Full article

This study aims to understand community empowerment by utilizing open innovation through Village-Owned Enterprises (VOE) to enhance sustainable public welfare. To achieve both economic and social missions, VOE must develop the ability to engage in open innovation by leveraging external knowledge sources, both inbound and outbound. This research employs a literature review method, analyzing previous studies indexed in the Scopus Database and processed using the VOSviewer software. The findings indicate that open innovation, which utilizes inbound external knowledge sources such as markets, knowledge, open resources, and cooperative networks, has already been adopted. However, the utilization of knowledge has not yet been fully optimized as a foundation for producing goods and services due to limitations in human resources. Similarly, outbound open innovation derived from technology has been implemented, although the utilization of patents remains suboptimal. This study recommends that village-owned business entities evaluate their operations, particularly in the utilization of knowledge and commercialization to ensure sustainability. Furthermore, this research contributes to the discussion on open innovation by emphasizing that leveraging market-driven knowledge, openness, cooperation, and technology should be a major focus for VOE in the context of business activities, where increased public participation plays a crucial role in sustainable economic development. Full article

Open innovation (OI) has great significance in innovation management. OI builds a bridge between firms and other organizations, which can help firms to quickly integrate into value chain innovation and discover the value stored in external resources, and thus can improve the performance of firms. The Chinese economy is accelerating its high-quality development. In this process, the importance of social capital is emphasized. However, less evidence is provided to discuss whether and how social capital from the resource perspective affects OI and firm performance. Therefore, we constructed a moderating model to deeply examine the mechanisms of the two models of the effects of inbound OI and outbound OI on firm performance and the impact of multidimensional social capital within it from the resource perspective. Our sample comprises 6899 observations of 1850 A-share listed manufacturing firms in China from 2016 to 2020. Considering the lag of resources into firm profitability, we decided to lag the firm performance by one year behind other indicators, so the sample data cover the period of 2016–2021. Then, we used Excel 2019 to complete the calculations of indicators and used multiple regression analysis of STATA17 to test the hypotheses. It is found that inbound and outbound OI have an inverted U-shaped relationship with firm performance. Institutional and technological social capital positively moderates the relationship between inbound and outbound OI and firm performance. Compared with the other two types of social capital, market social capital is the most widely owned among the sample firms, but its moderating effect is insignificant. The findings enrich and expand theoretical research on OI and firm performance and guide firms to implement OI, promoting their sustainable development. Full article

In the context of sustainable development, this paper rationalises the outbound process of a four-way shuttle system with a focus on their modelling, performance evaluation and configuration using a parallel operation strategy to reduce resource waste, thus achieving sustainable development. The parallelism of the hoist and shuttle is innovatively incorporated into the four-way shuttle system, so the modelling content is divided into parallel and serial types. In the parallel operation strategy model, a separation–aggregation queueing network model is constructed, and the open-loop queueing network is innovatively solved using the maximum entropy method. In the serial operation strategy model, a semi-open-loop queuing network is constructed and solved using the geometric matrix method. By varying different parameters, the accuracy of the model is verified by Arena simulation with an error range of 10% or less, and the error of the system performance index calculation is reduced by 20% compared with the existing methods. Setting up 18 different sizes of shuttle systems provided a better performance than a single serial-operation strategy through the addition of parallel strategies, with an average reduction of 12.6% in the system response time and a minimum reduction of 1.8%. The conclusions of this paper were verified on the basis of an arithmetic case analysis. Full article

This study analyzes the effects of inbound and outbound open innovation, along with organizational strategy and corporate risk management, on competitive advantage and disadvantage in the Portuguese hospitality sector’s cost, service, and product. We use a quantitative approach based on fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) of survey data from 251 executive directors of hotels from Portuguese small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). The results allow visualization of the interactions of inbound and outbound open innovation with corporate risk management and organizational strategy in order to generate competitive advantage. The results demonstrate that corporate risk management is a keystone for a competitive cost advantage, whereas inbound open innovation plays a fundamental role in obtaining competitive advantages for products and services. Other factors, such as outbound open innovation or those linked with organizational strategy, have less impact, and/or the sign of their influence depends on the configuration of the remaining variables. Full article

The purpose of the research was to study the relationship between the elements of a company’s ethical responsibility and the outcomes of the digital transformation of work, considering the dynamic processes of open innovation. Based on the results obtained, the paper proposes a conceptual model to address the following research questions. How does the ethical responsibility of a company impact the digital transformation of work? How does the digitalization of work relate to the ethical responsibility of a company? How does open innovation advance the ethical responsibility of a company? The research follows the logic of the elaboration of a conceptual model. The theoretical novelty of the article is expressed in the fact that 25 criteria, through which the relationships between the studied concepts are manifested, were identified and systematized. To assess the significance of the criteria, a survey of experts was developed and conducted to obtain a diverse opinion. Kendall’s coefficient of concordance (W) and Pearson’s chi-squared were used to measure the level of agreement of the experts’ evaluation. A conceptual model established the relationship pathways as well as inbound and outbound flows, and highlighted the key findings of the research. Namely, the guiding role of open innovation as the external circumstances for corporate ethical responsibility, and the necessity to apply all elements of ethical responsibility to ensure the viable digital transformation of work. Full article

The study focused on the application of Open Innovations (OI) in industrial heritage tourist sites. The transformation of a former industrial plant into a tourist attraction is one of the most effective ways of heritage preservation. However the process of revitalization can take years or even decades, and guidelines set from experienced facilities that have already gone this path could be extremely valuable for regions aspiring to hold such sites in the future. The benefits would be mutual if the OI had an Outbound Pecuniary structure. Therefore the main goal of our study was to recognize the attitude of industrial heritage sites towards the concept of OI and sharing their experiences regarding revitalization and their business models. For this purpose, a survey was conducted on European Route of Industrial Heritage (ERIH) members. The results that were received from 70 sites show that a vast majority of the subjects are open to the idea of OI with no limitations coming from the type of ownership they have, nor from the sector a recipient of OI would be from. The benefits gained from OI to ERIH sites could have a potentially significant impact on their future development. Full article

Open innovation has drawn significant attention over the years, and there is a growing body of literature that highlights the importance of considering this phenomenon at the national level. Less appreciated, however, is the radiative capability of national innovation systems (NIS) and the linking inbound and outbound processes. We provide a measurement of the dual innovation capability (DIC) of NISs based on process-oriented concepts by using a multi-indicator approach, which provides a more comprehensive picture of sectoral NISs compared to currently used metrics. To assess the DIC of NISs, a composite weighting method was used to obtain the score of our selection of 65 countries. The results show the spatio-temporal evolution of DIC from 2010 to 2018 and explore the interactions among sub-elements within the framework. The 65 countries were grouped into 4 categories based on the sub-dimension scores, and we provided 3 possible paths that can be chosen to improve DIC. The index provides a powerful tool to enrich research on innovation systems, guide national positioning, and optimize policies. Full article

To successfully implement open innovation, it is essential for firms to build close relationships with external innovators. Although many studies have suggested that relational governance, also known as social control, can effectively manage inter-organizational relationships, the role of relational governance on firms’ open innovation remains equivocal. Using a survey of 318 manufacturing firms from China, this study used a conditional process model to analyze the interplay of relational governance, open innovation, and firms’ innovation performance and examine the influence of environmental dynamism. The results demonstrate that relational governance has a positive impact on firms’ open innovation (both inbound and outbound) and innovation performance. We also found that open innovation mediates the association between relational governance and firms’ innovation performance. A high level of environmental dynamism enhances the indirect effect of relational governance on firms’ innovation performance through open innovation. These findings help clarify the interaction between relational governance and open innovation. They also deepen understanding of the value co-creation principle of open innovation. Full article

The main objective of the present research is to identify the knowledge flows responsible for promoting the innovation capacity of Portuguese companies. Specifically, we intend to identify which variables influence Portuguese innovation capacity from a macro and micro perspective, so that we can establish possible ways to promote open innovation (OI) in Portugal since Portuguese companies have little maturity in terms of open innovation when compared to companies in other countries of the European Union. To achieve this goal, the methodological design used consisted of two phases. In the first phase, a literature review was conducted to identify the main variables associated with innovation performance. After identifying the most influential variables in the literature, in a second phase, data were collected through three distinct databases, namely Pordata, the Portuguese Tax and Customs Authority, and SABI. To identify the most influential variables in the Portuguese innovation capacity, the multivariate multiple regression technique based on the ordinary least square (OLS) method was applied. The results of the present research bring empirical evidence that researchers dedicated to R&D from non-profit institutions (i.e., inbound OI) and researchers from firms (i.e., outbound OI) exert a significant influence on innovation capacity so the development of an optimal strategy for the strengthening of open innovation by Portuguese firms should take into account the use and combination of these two specific knowledge flows. In this sense, the originality of this research lies in the fact that it is the first attempt to understand the possible implications of the determinants of innovation capacity on open innovation, from an exploratory study concerning the flows of knowledge. Full article

This study sought to examine the relationship between patent rights and technology transfer performances of Korean universities and to analyze the moderating effect of the desorptive capacity of industry-academic cooperation foundations. Through this, we study the impact of universities’ patents on both the number of licenses and the license incomes of the universities. We also examine the meaning of the desorptive capacity between them. Regression analysis and structural equation modeling are performed by using the number of patents registered as an independent variable, the number of licenses and license incomes as dependent variables and the desorptive capacity as a moderating variable. The analysis shows that the patent had a positive relationship with both the number of licenses and license incomes. Desorptive capacity had no significant effect between patents and the number of technology transfers. However, it is seen as having a moderating effect between patents and licensing fees from the technology transfers. This paper meaningfully illustrates the desorptive capacity of the industry-academic cooperation foundation from the perspective of outbound open innovation and analyzes the moderating effect of desorptive capacity in relation to patent rights and technology transfer performances. Full article

Due to the high risk in development process, the bio-pharmaceutical industry has transformed itself into an open innovation framework in order to overcome economic risk. This study examines the relationship between outbound open innovation and financial performance in bio-pharmaceutical industry. Specifically, this study extends knowledge-based view to link the open innovation performance and licensor’s sustainability. In order to provide empirical evidence, this study uses econometric methodology with several databases including bio-pharmaceutical firms. The analysis shows firm’s desorptive capabilities have a significant effect on financial performance, confirming the application of knowledge capacity framework. The result of the study can suggest the way how the licensors can maintain the sustainability of competitiveness in bio-pharmaceutical industry. Full article

Generating innovation with environmental impact is crucial for firms to achieve sustainable eco-innovative performance. In the reference literature on open innovation, gaps still persist at the level of scarce and limited knowledge on the use of knowledge sources and flows, for the purpose of strengthening the eco-innovative performance of the bioeconomy sector. To address these caveats, this study analyses the effects of open innovation on eco-innovation, based on inbound and outbound support practices. Specifically, it aims to analyse the effects of these practices on the eco-innovative performance of bioeconomy and non-bioeconomy firms, using secondary data gathered from the Community Innovation Survey—CIS 2010 for a sample of moderately innovative countries, namely Slovakia, Spain, Hungary, Italy, Portugal and the Czech Republic. The conceptual model proposed is tested using multivariate tobit regression models, in order to ensure the accuracy and reliability required to validate empirical tests. Overall, the empirical evidence allows the conclusion that inbound and outbound practices and public policies have a positive and significant influence on the eco-innovative performance of the firms studied. The contribution provided is two-fold: (i) in theoretical terms, an operational model of open innovation inbound and outbound practices is extended, crossing financial flows and innovation directions; and (ii) in empirical terms, new light is shed on the still limited knowledge about the positive and significant effects of open innovation outbound practices on the eco-innovative performance of companies belonging to a global strategic sector—that is, the bioeconomy sector, which has renewed strategic importance in the face of global climate change. Full article