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Search Results (1,092)

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Keywords = optoelectronic methods

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16 pages, 10961 KB  
Article
Exploratory Proof-of-Concept: Predicting the Outcome of Tennis Serves Using Motion Capture and Deep Learning
by Gustav Durlind, Uriel Martinez-Hernandez and Tareq Assaf
Mach. Learn. Knowl. Extr. 2025, 7(4), 118; https://doi.org/10.3390/make7040118 - 14 Oct 2025
Viewed by 266
Abstract
Tennis serves heavily impact match outcomes, yet analysis by coaches is limited by human vision. The design of an automated tennis serve analysis system could facilitate enhanced performance analysis. As serve location and serve success are directly correlated, predicting the outcome of a [...] Read more.
Tennis serves heavily impact match outcomes, yet analysis by coaches is limited by human vision. The design of an automated tennis serve analysis system could facilitate enhanced performance analysis. As serve location and serve success are directly correlated, predicting the outcome of a serve could provide vital information for performance analysis. This article proposes a tennis serve analysis system powered by Machine Learning, which classifies the outcome of serves as “in”, “out” or “net”, and predicts the coordinate outcome of successful serves. Additionally, this work details the collection of three-dimensional spatio-temporal data on tennis serves, using marker-based optoelectronic motion capture. The classification uses a Stacked Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory architecture, whilst a 3D Convolutional Neural Network architecture is harnessed for serve coordinate prediction. The proposed method achieves 89% accuracy for tennis serve classification, outperforming the current state-of-the-art whilst performing finer-grain classification. The results achieve an accuracy of 63% in predicting the serve coordinates, with a mean absolute error of 0.59 and a root mean squared error of 0.68, exceeding the current state-of-the-art with a new method. The system contributes towards the long-term goal of designing a non-invasive tennis serve analysis system that functions in training and match conditions. Full article
14 pages, 2291 KB  
Article
Infrared FEL-Induced Alteration of Zeta Potential in Electrochemically Grown Quantum Dots: Insights into Ion Modification
by Sukrit Sucharitakul, Siripatsorn Thanasanvorakun, Vasan Yarangsi, Suparoek Yarin, Kritsada Hongsith, Monchai Jitvisate, Hideaki Ohgaki, Surachet Phadungdhitidhada, Heishun Zen, Sakhorn Rimjaem and Supab Choopun
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(20), 1543; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15201543 - 10 Oct 2025
Viewed by 497
Abstract
This study explores the use of mid-infrared (MIR) free-electron laser (FEL) irradiation as a tool for tailoring the surface properties of electrochemically synthesized TiO2—graphene quantum dots (QDs). The QDs, prepared in colloidal form via a cost-effective electrochemical method in a KCl—citric [...] Read more.
This study explores the use of mid-infrared (MIR) free-electron laser (FEL) irradiation as a tool for tailoring the surface properties of electrochemically synthesized TiO2—graphene quantum dots (QDs). The QDs, prepared in colloidal form via a cost-effective electrochemical method in a KCl—citric acid medium, were exposed to MIR wavelengths (5.76, 8.02, and 9.10 µm) at the Kyoto University FEL facility. Post-irradiation measurements revealed a pronounced inversion of zeta potential by 40–50 mV and approximately 10% reduction in hydrodynamic size, indicating double-layer contraction and ionic redistribution at the QD—solvent interface. Photoluminescence spectra showed enhanced emission for GQDs and TiO2/GQD composites, while Tauc analysis revealed modest bandgap blue shifts (0.04–0.08 eV), both consistent with trap-state passivation and sharper band edges. TEM confirmed intact crystalline structures, verifying that FEL-induced modifications were confined to surface chemistry rather than bulk lattice damage. Taken together, these results demonstrate that MIR FEL irradiation provides a resonance-driven, non-contact method to reorganize ions, suppress defect states, and improve the optoelectronic quality of QDs. This approach offers a scalable post-synthetic pathway for enhancing electron transport layers in perovskite solar cells and highlights the broader potential of photonic infrastructure for advanced nanomaterial processing and interface engineering in optoelectronic and energy applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices)
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52 pages, 9282 KB  
Review
Carrier Mobility, Electrical Conductivity, and Photovoltaic Properties of Ordered Nanostructures Assembled from Semiconducting Polymers
by Maria Pop and Ioan Botiz
Materials 2025, 18(19), 4580; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18194580 - 2 Oct 2025
Viewed by 523
Abstract
Nanostructures composed of semiconducting polymers that adopt highly ordered molecular arrangements at the nano- and microscale typically exhibit enhanced optoelectronic properties. In this study, we aim to establish a comprehensive correlation between nanostructures with varying degrees of molecular order—fabricated using diverse processing methods—and [...] Read more.
Nanostructures composed of semiconducting polymers that adopt highly ordered molecular arrangements at the nano- and microscale typically exhibit enhanced optoelectronic properties. In this study, we aim to establish a comprehensive correlation between nanostructures with varying degrees of molecular order—fabricated using diverse processing methods—and their tailored optoelectronic properties, as demonstrated by various energy devices. These properties include carrier mobility, electrical conductivity, and photovoltaic capabilities measured predominantly in films tens to hundreds of nanometers thick based on semiconducting polymers. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Opto-Electronic Functional Materials and Devices)
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15 pages, 2783 KB  
Article
Investigating the Structural, Optical, and Thermal Properties of PVC/Cr1.4Ca0.6O4 Films for Potential Optoelectronic Application
by Alhulw H. Alshammari
Polymers 2025, 17(19), 2646; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17192646 - 30 Sep 2025
Viewed by 305
Abstract
This study demonstrates the successful preparation of pristine and modified PVC polymer films with (0.7, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt%) Cr1.4Ca0.6O4 by the solution casting method. These films were characterized using XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TGA, and a [...] Read more.
This study demonstrates the successful preparation of pristine and modified PVC polymer films with (0.7, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 wt%) Cr1.4Ca0.6O4 by the solution casting method. These films were characterized using XRD, FTIR, XPS, SEM, TGA, and a UV–vis spectrophotometer. The XRD confirmed the amorphous nature of PVC films and a tetragonal zircon-type structure of Cr1.4Ca0.6O4 as a dopant in the PVC polymer. The XPS survey spectra of pristine Cr1.4Ca0.6O4 and its composites with PVC reveal essential insights into the materials’ surface composition and chemical states. The spectra clearly show peaks corresponding to O1s, Ca2p, and Cr2p, with the Cr2p signals being notably weaker than the other peaks. SEM images showed a uniform distribution of Cr1.4Ca0.6O4 within the PVC polymer films despite the presence of some minor agglomerations. The TGA analysis revealed that incorporating Cr1.4Ca0.6O4 enhanced the thermal stability of PVC films, particularly at a 0.7 wt% concentration of Cr1.4Ca0.6O4. Moreover, incorporation of Cr1.4Ca0.6O4 improved the optical parameters of PVC films, i.e., linear refractive index, nonlinear refractive index, and optical susceptibility. These findings proposed the modified PVC with Cr1.4Ca0.6O4 for optoelectronic applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Applications)
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21 pages, 1987 KB  
Review
Data-Driven Perovskite Design via High-Throughput Simulation and Machine Learning
by Yidi Wang, Dan Sun, Bei Zhao, Tianyu Zhu, Chengcheng Liu, Zixuan Xu, Tianhang Zhou and Chunming Xu
Processes 2025, 13(10), 3049; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr13103049 - 24 Sep 2025
Viewed by 682
Abstract
Perovskites (ABX3) exhibit remarkable potential in optoelectronic conversion, catalysis, and diverse energy-related fields. However, the tunability of A, B, and X-site compositions renders conventional screening methods labor-intensive and inefficient. This review systematically synthesizes the roles of physical simulations and machine learning [...] Read more.
Perovskites (ABX3) exhibit remarkable potential in optoelectronic conversion, catalysis, and diverse energy-related fields. However, the tunability of A, B, and X-site compositions renders conventional screening methods labor-intensive and inefficient. This review systematically synthesizes the roles of physical simulations and machine learning (ML) in accelerating perovskite discovery. By harnessing existing experimental datasets and high-throughput computational results, ML models elucidate structure-property relationships and predict performance metrics for solar cells, (photo)electrocatalysts, oxygen carriers, and energy-storage materials, with experimental validation confirming their predictive reliability. While data scarcity and heterogeneity inherently limit ML-based prediction of material property, integrating high-throughput computational methods as external mechanistic constraints—supplementing standardized, large-scale training data and imposing loss penalties—can improve accuracy and efficiency in bandgap prediction and defect engineering. Moreover, although embedding high-throughput simulations into ML architectures remains nascent, physics-embedded approaches (e.g., symmetry-aware networks) show increasing promise for enhancing physical consistency. This dual-driven paradigm, integrating data and physics, provides a versatile framework for perovskite design, achieving both high predictive accuracy and interpretability—key milestones toward a rational design strategy for functional materials discovery. Full article
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14 pages, 3288 KB  
Article
Electric Field Modulation and Ultrafast Photogenerated Electron-Hole Dynamics in MoSe2/WSe2 van der Waals Heterostructures
by Tian-Jun Dai, Zhong-Yuan Fan, Chao-Feng Peng, Xiang Xiao, Yi Zhou, Jian Sun, Zhang-Yu Zhou, Xiang Guo, Xue-Fei Liu and Xiang-Hong Niu
Molecules 2025, 30(18), 3840; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30183840 - 22 Sep 2025
Viewed by 427
Abstract
Understanding the non-equilibrium dynamical processes in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures is essential for elucidating their photoelectric behaviors. In this work, we investigate the electronic structure, electric field modulation, and transient optical performance of the MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure using [...] Read more.
Understanding the non-equilibrium dynamical processes in two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) heterostructures is essential for elucidating their photoelectric behaviors. In this work, we investigate the electronic structure, electric field modulation, and transient optical performance of the MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure using first principles and nonadiabatic molecular dynamics (NAMD) methods. Applying an external electric field effectively modulates the bandgap and band arrangement of MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure, along with a transition from indirect to direct bandgap during which the type-II band alignment can be maintained. Specifically, the ultrafast interlayer photogenerated electron transfer time is 72 fs, and the interlayer electron-hole recombination time can be as long as 357 ns, which is longer than that of the intralayer recombination in the constituent monolayers (110 ns for MoSe2 and 288 ns for WSe2), yielding an ultrahigh charge separation efficiency of up to 99.99%. The significant time difference in the processes of photoinduced charge transfer and recombination can be attributed to the corresponding different nonadiabatic coupling averaged values, mainly determined by the electron–phonon coupling and energy difference. The carrier dynamics mechanism revealed in the MoSe2/WSe2 heterostructure is conducive to the development of 2D ultrafast optoelectronic devices. Full article
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13 pages, 6203 KB  
Article
Partial Discharge Characteristics of Typical Defects in Oil-Paper Insulation Based on Photon Detection Technology
by Zhengyan Zhang, Yong Yi, Ji Qi, Qian Wang, Weiqi Qin, Xianhao Fan and Chuanyang Li
Energies 2025, 18(18), 4991; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18184991 - 19 Sep 2025
Viewed by 280
Abstract
As a key equipment in the power system, the insulation state of oil-immersed transformer is directly related to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. To explore the feasibility of optical detection methods for detecting transformer insulation defects and further analyze [...] Read more.
As a key equipment in the power system, the insulation state of oil-immersed transformer is directly related to the safe and stable operation of the power grid. To explore the feasibility of optical detection methods for detecting transformer insulation defects and further analyze the trend of partial discharge optical signal characteristics under typical oil-paper insulation defects in transformers, this paper proposes a method for detecting insulation defects in transformers based on photon detection technology. This method can not only reflect the periodicity and phase characteristics of photon signals, but also exhibits higher sensitivity compared to the traditional PRPD method. Firstly, the study builds an experimental platform for optoelectronic combined transformer partial discharge based on photon detection technology and carries out partial discharge simulation experiments on four typical insulation defect models through the step-up method to collect their pulse current signals and photon signals. Then, a phase-resolved photon counting (PRPC) method is proposed to analyze the signals during the development of partial discharges. Finally, the optical signal characteristics of the four defect models are extracted for comparative analysis. The results show that the optical signals of partial discharges can effectively respond to the generation and development process of partial discharges inside the transformer, and different types of insulation defects and development stages can be clearly distinguished according to the phase distribution characteristics and characteristic parameters of the optical signals. This study verifies the effectiveness of photon detection technology and provides a new effective tool for the detection of transformer oil-paper insulation defects. Full article
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13 pages, 4248 KB  
Article
Luminescence Properties of Eu3+, Ba2+, and Bi3+ Co-Doped YVO4 for Wide-Spectrum Excitation
by Jianhua Huang, Cong Dong, Ping Huang, Wei Zhong, Yinqi Luo, Jianmin Li, Yibiao Hu, Wenjie Duan, Lingjia Qiu, Wenzhen Qin and Yu Xie
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(18), 1444; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15181444 - 19 Sep 2025
Viewed by 371
Abstract
YVO4 based phosphors have aroused extensive interest in the field of optoelectronics due to their good chemical stability and unique luminescence properties. However, commercialization of YVO4 phosphors requires high luminescence intensity, enhanced conversion efficiency, and a wide excitation spectrum. In this [...] Read more.
YVO4 based phosphors have aroused extensive interest in the field of optoelectronics due to their good chemical stability and unique luminescence properties. However, commercialization of YVO4 phosphors requires high luminescence intensity, enhanced conversion efficiency, and a wide excitation spectrum. In this work, Eu3+, Ba2+, Bi3+ co-doped YVO4 was prepared by the sol–gel method. The XRD of YVO4: 5%Eu3+, 5%Ba2+, 0.5%Bi3+ phosphor analysis confirms the pure tetragonal phase, with a fairly large size of approximately 100 nm for the optimal composition. And the SEM and TEM revealed well-dispersed spherical nanoparticles with sizes of 100–120 nm. The introduction of Ba2+ ions enhanced the luminescence intensity, while the incorporation of Bi3+ ions improved the excitation width of the phosphor. The resulting YVO4: 5%Eu3+, 5%Ba2+, 0.5%Bi3+ phosphor exhibited a 1.39-times broader excitation bandwidth and a 2.72-times greater luminescence intensity at 618 nm compared to the benchmark YVO4: 5% Eu3+ sample. Additionally, the transmittance of the films in the 350 nm to 800 nm region exceeded 85%. The YVO4: 5%Eu3+, 5%Ba2+, 0.5%Bi3+ film effectively absorbed ultraviolet light and converted it to red emission, enabling potential applications in solar cell window layers, dye-sensitized cell luminescence layers, and solar cell packaging glass. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Physical Chemistry at Nanoscale)
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13 pages, 2020 KB  
Article
Substrate Orientation-Dependent Synaptic Plasticity and Visual Memory in Sol–Gel-Derived ZnO Optoelectronic Devices
by Dabin Jeon, Seung Hun Lee, JungBeen Cho, Kyoung-Bo Kim and Sung-Nam Lee
Materials 2025, 18(18), 4377; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18184377 - 19 Sep 2025
Viewed by 441
Abstract
We report Al/ZnO/Al optoelectronic synaptic devices fabricated on c-plane and m-plane sapphire substrates using a sol–gel process. The devices exhibit essential synaptic behaviors such as excitatory postsynaptic current modulation, paired-pulse facilitation, and long-term learning–forgetting dynamics described by Wickelgren’s power law. Comparative analysis reveals [...] Read more.
We report Al/ZnO/Al optoelectronic synaptic devices fabricated on c-plane and m-plane sapphire substrates using a sol–gel process. The devices exhibit essential synaptic behaviors such as excitatory postsynaptic current modulation, paired-pulse facilitation, and long-term learning–forgetting dynamics described by Wickelgren’s power law. Comparative analysis reveals that substrate orientation strongly influences memory performance: devices on m-plane consistently show higher EPSCs, slower decay rates, and superior retention compared to c-plane counterparts. These characteristics are attributed to crystallographic effects that enhance carrier trapping and persistent photoconductivity. To demonstrate their practical applicability, 3 × 3-pixel arrays of adjacent devices were constructed, where a “T”-shaped optical pattern was successfully encoded, learned, and retained across repeated stimulation cycles. These results highlight the critical role of substrate orientation in tailoring synaptic plasticity and memory retention, offering promising prospects for ZnO-based optoelectronic synaptic arrays in in-sensor neuromorphic computing and artificial visual memory systems. Full article
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18 pages, 3645 KB  
Article
Adaptive Disturbance Rejection Generalized Predictive Control of Photoelectric Turntable Servo System
by Wei Wang, Jiheng Jiang, Yan Dong, Jianlin Song and Huilin Jiang
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(18), 10198; https://doi.org/10.3390/app151810198 - 18 Sep 2025
Viewed by 279
Abstract
In order to enhance the tracking accuracy and disturbance rejection capability in the speed loop of an optoelectronic tracking servo control system, a parameter self-adjusting disturbance rejection generalized predictive control method (STGPC) based on a continuous-time model is proposed in this paper. First, [...] Read more.
In order to enhance the tracking accuracy and disturbance rejection capability in the speed loop of an optoelectronic tracking servo control system, a parameter self-adjusting disturbance rejection generalized predictive control method (STGPC) based on a continuous-time model is proposed in this paper. First, a dynamic model of the servo turntable system is established, and a linear extended state observer (LESO) is designed to perform real-time estimation of internal and external disturbances in the system. Second, a generalized predictive control law incorporating the predictive model, performance metrics, and rolling optimization is systematically derived, where the reference trajectory is generated by a tracking differentiator and the system state is provided in real time by the LESO. Furthermore, a gradient descent method is innovatively introduced to achieve adaptive adjustment in the predictive time domain, and the stability of the closed-loop system is rigorously proven based on Lyapunov theory. Finally, simulation experiments were conducted to verify the tracking performance, disturbance rejection performance, and time-domain parameter self-adjustment effects of the control method. Simulation results show that compared with PID control and traditional linear generalized predictive control (LGPC), the proposed STGPC method reduces speed tracking residuals by 73.79% and 51.04%, respectively, enhances disturbance suppression capability for speed vibration disturbances by 50.55% and 47.55%, respectively, and enhances compensation capability for friction torque disturbances by 68.03% and 59.33%, respectively. The system demonstrates outstanding velocity tracking accuracy and disturbance rejection while exhibiting good robustness against system parameter perturbations. Full article
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14 pages, 21918 KB  
Article
Boosted Nonlinear Optical Properties of Polypyrrole Nanoplates Covered with Graphene Layers
by Zeyu Zhang, Lingdong Wang, Lili Xie, Feifei Qin and Xu Wang
Electron. Mater. 2025, 6(3), 12; https://doi.org/10.3390/electronicmat6030012 - 17 Sep 2025
Viewed by 360
Abstract
The combination of polypyrrole (PPy) with graphene has attracted extensive attention as a nonlinear optical material with various optoelectronic applications. Here, we describe the development of PPy nanoplates prepared using a simple spin-coating method. The appropriate volume of the dropped PPy solution was [...] Read more.
The combination of polypyrrole (PPy) with graphene has attracted extensive attention as a nonlinear optical material with various optoelectronic applications. Here, we describe the development of PPy nanoplates prepared using a simple spin-coating method. The appropriate volume of the dropped PPy solution was determined to be 50 drops by comparing the surface morphologies, chain structures, elementary compositions, and optical properties of PPy saturable absorbers (SAs). The hybrid PPy/graphene heterostructure SA was obtained using the wet transfer process of a graphene layer. This approach led to significant improvements in optical properties, including a ~7.2% increase in linear optical absorption, a 2.5-fold increase in modulation depth, and a third decrease in saturable intensity at 1550 nm due to the additional optical absorption and the π-π interaction between PPy nanoplates and the graphene layer. By inserting the PPy/graphene heterostructure SA into the passively mode-locked fiber laser cavity, 1559 nm ultrashort laser pulses were generated, with an average output power of 1.24 mW, a 815 fs pulse width, and a repetition frequency of 3.26 MHz. Our experimental results demonstrate that the prepared PPy SA has excellent nonlinear optical characteristics, providing a new opportunity for the generation of ultrashort laser pulses. Full article
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29 pages, 5223 KB  
Review
Multifunctional Colloidal Quantum Dots-Based Light-Emitting Devices for On-Chip Integration
by Ruoyang Li, Jie Zhao, Yifei Qiao, Xiaoyan Liu and Shiliang Mei
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(18), 1422; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15181422 - 16 Sep 2025
Viewed by 852
Abstract
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted significant attention in optoelectronics due to their size-tunable bandgap, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and solution processability, which enable integration into compact and energy-efficient systems. This review consolidates recent progress in multifunctional CQD-based light-emitting devices and on-chip integration [...] Read more.
Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) have attracted significant attention in optoelectronics due to their size-tunable bandgap, high photoluminescence quantum yield, and solution processability, which enable integration into compact and energy-efficient systems. This review consolidates recent progress in multifunctional CQD-based light-emitting devices and on-chip integration strategies. This review systematically examines fundamental CQD properties (quantum confinement, carrier dynamics, and core–shell heterostructures), key synthesis methods including hot injection, ligand-assisted reprecipitation, and microfluidic flow synthesis, and device innovations such as light-emitting field-effect transistors, light-emitting solar cells, and light-emitting memristors, alongside on-chip components including ongoing electrically pumped lasers and photodetectors. This review concludes that synergies in material engineering, device design, and system innovation are pivotal for next-generation optoelectronics, though challenges such as environmental instability, Auger recombination, and CMOS compatibility require future breakthroughs in atomic-layer deposition, 3D heterostructures, and data-driven optimization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanophotonics Materials and Devices)
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12 pages, 11479 KB  
Article
MoS2-PtX2 Vertical Heterostructures
by Nikolay Minev, Blagovest Napoleonov, Dimitre Dimitrov, Vladimira Videva, Velichka Strijkova, Denitsa Nicheva, Ivalina Avramova, Tamara Petkova and Vera Marinova
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(18), 1415; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15181415 - 15 Sep 2025
Viewed by 463
Abstract
This study reports the successful fabrication and characterization of two-dimensional (2D) vertical heterostructures composed of a semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layer stacked with semimetallic platinum dichalcogenides (PtSe2 and PtTe2). The heterostructures were created using a versatile fabrication method [...] Read more.
This study reports the successful fabrication and characterization of two-dimensional (2D) vertical heterostructures composed of a semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) layer stacked with semimetallic platinum dichalcogenides (PtSe2 and PtTe2). The heterostructures were created using a versatile fabrication method that combines chemical vapor deposition (CVD) to grow high-quality MoS2 nanolayers with thermally assisted conversion (TAC) for the synthesis of the Pt-based layers. The final MoS2/PtSe2 and MoS2/PtTe2 heterostructures were then assembled via a dry transfer process, ensuring high structural integrity. The quality and properties of these heterostructures were investigated using a range of advanced spectroscopic techniques. Raman spectroscopy confirmed the presence of characteristic vibrational modes for each material, validating successful formation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis further confirmed the elemental composition and oxidation states, though it also revealed the presence of elemental Pt0 and oxidized Te+4 in the PtTe2 layer, suggesting an incomplete conversion. Importantly, the photoluminescence (PL) spectra showed a significant quenching effect, a clear sign of strong interlayer charge transfer, which is essential for optoelectronic applications. Finally, UV-Vis-NIR spectrophotometry demonstrated the combined optical properties of the stacked layers, with the Pt-based layers causing broadening and a blue-shift in the MoS2 exciton peaks, indicating altered electronic and optical behavior. This research provides valuable insights into the synthesis and fundamental properties of MoS2/PtX2 heterostructures, highlighting their potential for next-generation electronic and optoelectronic devices. Full article
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22 pages, 8152 KB  
Article
Novel Electrospun PVA-PVP-PAAm/TiO2 Nanofibers with Enhanced Optoelectrical, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Performances
by Maher Hassan Rasheed, Mohanad H. Mousa, Qasim Shakir Kadhim, Najmeddine Abdelmoula, Ali Khalfallah and Zohra Benzarti
Polymers 2025, 17(18), 2487; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17182487 - 15 Sep 2025
Viewed by 598
Abstract
Electrospun nanofibers have emerged as a versatile platform for developing advanced materials with diverse applications, owing to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio and tunable properties. The incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), has proven effective in further enhancing [...] Read more.
Electrospun nanofibers have emerged as a versatile platform for developing advanced materials with diverse applications, owing to their high surface-area-to-volume ratio and tunable properties. The incorporation of metal oxide nanoparticles, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2), has proven effective in further enhancing the functional performance of these materials, particularly in optoelectrical, antibacterial, and antioxidant domains. This study presents the first report of electrospun multifunctional nanofibers from a ternary blend of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), and polyacrylamide (PAAm) blended with TiO2 nanoparticles at 0, 1, 3, and 5 wt.%. The objective was to develop nanocomposites with enhanced structural, optical, electrical, antibacterial, and antioxidant properties for applications in environmental, biomedical, and industrial fields. The nanofibers were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), UV–visible spectrophotometry, and DC electrical conductivity tests. Antibacterial efficacy was assessed against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus via the Kirby–Bauer disk diffusion method, while antioxidant activity was evaluated using the DPPH radical scavenging assay. Results demonstrated that TiO2 incorporation increased nanofiber diameters (21.5–35.1 nm), enhanced crystallinity, and introduced Ti–O bonding, confirming successful nanoparticle integration. Optically, the nanocomposites exhibited reduced band gaps (from 3.575 eV to 3.320 eV) and increased refractive indices with higher TiO2 nanoparticle content, highlighting their potential for advanced optoelectronic devices such as UV sensors and transparent electrodes. Electrically, conductivity improved due to increased charge carrier mobility and conductive pathways, making them suitable for flexible electronics and sensing applications. The 5 wt.% TiO2-doped nanofibers demonstrated superior antibacterial activity, particularly against E. coli (18.2 mm inhibition zone), and antioxidant performance comparable to ascorbic acid (95.32% DPPH inhibition), showcasing their relevance for biomedical applications like wound dressings and food packaging. These findings highlight the potential of PVA-PVP-PAAm/TiO2 nanofibers as useful materials for moisture sensors, antibacterial agents, and antioxidants, advancing applications in medical devices and environmental technologies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances and Applications of Polymer Nanocomposites)
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14 pages, 1848 KB  
Article
X-Ray Irradiation Improved WSe2 Optical–Electrical Synapse for Handwritten Digit Recognition
by Chuanwen Chen, Qi Sun, Yaxian Lu and Ping Chen
Nanomaterials 2025, 15(18), 1408; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano15181408 - 12 Sep 2025
Viewed by 373
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates for neuromorphic computing owing to their atomically thin structure and tunable optoelectronic properties. However, achieving controllable synaptic behavior via defect engineering remains challenging. In this work, we introduce X-ray irradiation as a facile strategy to modulate defect [...] Read more.
Two-dimensional (2D) materials are promising candidates for neuromorphic computing owing to their atomically thin structure and tunable optoelectronic properties. However, achieving controllable synaptic behavior via defect engineering remains challenging. In this work, we introduce X-ray irradiation as a facile strategy to modulate defect states and enhance synaptic plasticity in WSe2-based optoelectronic synapses. The introduction of selenium vacancies via irradiation significantly improved both electrical and optical responses. Under electrical stimulation, short-term potentiation (STP) exhibited enhanced excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) retention exceeding 10%, measured 20 s after the stimulation peak. In addition, the nonlinearity of long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) was reduced, and the signal decay time was extended. Under optical stimulation, STP showed more than 4% improvement in EPSC retention at 16 s with similar relaxation enhancement. These effects are attributed to irradiation-induced defect states that facilitate charge carrier trapping and extend signal persistence. Moreover, the reduced nonlinearity in synaptic weight modulation improved the recognition accuracy of handwritten digits in a CrossSim-simulated MNIST task, increasing from 88.5% to 93.75%. This study demonstrates that X-ray irradiation is an effective method for modulating synaptic weights in 2D materials, offering a universal strategy for defect engineering in neuromorphic device applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nanoelectronics, Nanosensors and Devices)
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