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Keywords = manganese sulfide nanoparticles

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20 pages, 9434 KiB  
Article
Comparative Study of Architectural Bricks from Khorsabad and Susa Sites: Characterization of Black Glazes
by Emmie Beauvoit, Anne Bouquillon, Odile Majérus, Daniel Caurant, Julien Cuny and Ariane Thomas
Heritage 2023, 6(9), 6291-6310; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6090329 - 8 Sep 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2225
Abstract
In this study, the well-preserved glazes of 13 colored bricks representative of the decoration of the palaces of Sargon II (Khorsabad, 8th century BC) and of Darius I (Susa, 6th century BC) were examined. The purpose of this research is to gather information [...] Read more.
In this study, the well-preserved glazes of 13 colored bricks representative of the decoration of the palaces of Sargon II (Khorsabad, 8th century BC) and of Darius I (Susa, 6th century BC) were examined. The purpose of this research is to gather information about the ancient brick manufacturing processes by examining the colored glazes and, in particular, black glazes using a combination of methods that included optical microscopy, SEM-EDX, synchrotron µ-XRD, and µ-Raman spectroscopy. The results revealed different coloring techniques for producing black glazes in the Neo-Assyrian and Persian Achaemenid periods. Regarding the black glazes of Susa, it is particularly interesting to note that their chemical composition varies according to the function of the glazes on the bricks: manganese oxide (for colored fields of glaze) and iron-rich compounds (for raised lines separating glazed areas). In comparison, the black glazes from Khorsabad are characterized by the presence of spherical copper sulfide and galena nanoparticles (ranging from less than 100 nm to about 1 µm) for both the glazed areas and the separating lines. This coloring technique to obtain black glazes is very rarely described in the literature, as well as the mechanism of formation of these spherical nanoparticles. Full article
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12 pages, 6520 KiB  
Article
Proficient One-Step Heat-Up Synthesis of Manganese Sulfide Quantum Dots for Solar Cell Applications
by Mojeed A. Agoro and Edson L. Meyer
Molecules 2022, 27(19), 6678; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27196678 - 7 Oct 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 2973
Abstract
The necessity to develop renewable energy resources that are highly durable and flexible with superior energy density and capacitance ability has attracted considerable interest in the field of solar cell research. Semiconducting compound materials that are easily available, hazard-free and cost-effective are emerging [...] Read more.
The necessity to develop renewable energy resources that are highly durable and flexible with superior energy density and capacitance ability has attracted considerable interest in the field of solar cell research. Semiconducting compound materials that are easily available, hazard-free and cost-effective are emerging as potential solutions to tackle this challenge. Herein, we present multiple molecular precursors used to grow manganese sulfide nanoparticles through a proficient one-step heat-up approach. For all of the tested samples, the X-ray diffraction peaks correspond to a γ-MnS hexagonal wurtzite structure. UV-Vis spectroscopy yielded absorption wavelengths of 359–420 nm and band-gap energies of 3.78–4.0 eV. Photoluminescence analysis shows characteristics of red and blue shift from 451–602 nm. High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) and selected-area electron diffraction (SAED) reveal a narrow size distribution with nanosticks and large contact areas, which are critical for improved catalytic performance. The current study provides an improved pathway to a well-grown and uniform nanocrystal structure for applications in energy devices. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Photochemistry)
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9 pages, 1834 KiB  
Communication
The Shell Matters: Self-Organized CdS-ZnS/MnS-Core-Shell—Porphyrin-Polymer Nano-Assemblies for Photocatalysis
by Maximilian Wagner and Franziska Gröhn
Catalysts 2022, 12(8), 907; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal12080907 - 17 Aug 2022
Viewed by 2029
Abstract
A facile synthesis of catalytically tunable core-shell CdS-ZnxMn1-xS-nanoparticles in conjunction with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and porphyrin in an aqueous solution is described in the following: The shell composition of the inorganic nanoparticles is varied to tune the optical properties [...] Read more.
A facile synthesis of catalytically tunable core-shell CdS-ZnxMn1-xS-nanoparticles in conjunction with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) and porphyrin in an aqueous solution is described in the following: The shell composition of the inorganic nanoparticles is varied to tune the optical properties and to optimize the catalytic activity. Further, the tetravalent cationic 5,10,15,20-tetrakis(4-trimethylammoniophenyl) porphyrin (TAPP) fulfills a triple functionality in the catalyst: as a photosensitizer, as an electrostatic linker connecting the nanoparticles and as a probe to investigate the surface composition of the II-VI semiconducting nanoparticles. Different nanoparticles with varying zinc sulfide/manganese sulfide shell ratios are tested with regard to their photocatalytic behavior by crocin bleaching. The results reveal that the shell composition can be a crucial key to optimize the catalytic activity, which can further be important in tuning the reactivity of related systems. Fundamentally, the stepwise multi-component self-assembly in an aqueous solution has been demonstrated to allow the tuning of optic and catalytic properties of core-shell nanoparticles, a general concept that may be widely applicable. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 10th Anniversary of Catalysts—Feature Papers in Photocatalysis)
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12 pages, 4447 KiB  
Article
Hydrometallurgical Synthesis of Nickel Nano-Sulfides from Spent Lithium-Ion Batteries
by Esmaeel Darezereshki, Ali Behrad Vakylabad, Ahmad Hassanzadeh, Tomasz Niedoba, Agnieszka Surowiak and Babak Koohestani
Minerals 2021, 11(4), 419; https://doi.org/10.3390/min11040419 - 15 Apr 2021
Cited by 29 | Viewed by 3578
Abstract
By developing technologies, spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered a great source of nickel-cobalt ions to fabricate metal sulfide nanoparticles. However, the presence of unnecessary ions such as manganese and lithium may hamper the formation of pure metal sulfide nanostructures where the utilization [...] Read more.
By developing technologies, spent lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are considered a great source of nickel-cobalt ions to fabricate metal sulfide nanoparticles. However, the presence of unnecessary ions such as manganese and lithium may hamper the formation of pure metal sulfide nanostructures where the utilization of proper ligand(s) can be very critical. For this reason, the present study initially introduces a promising and cost-effective acidic leaching followed by precipitation and thermal treatment (~250 °C, 1 h) processes to fabricate pure NiS nanopowders from the LIBs, while considering potassium amyl xanthate as the precipitating agent. The produced nanoparticle’s size and structure were characterized by commonly used and advanced analytical techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and photon correlation spectroscopy (PCS), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The elemental distributions and functional groups were analyzed through energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) methods. The characteristic analyses of the spherical-like NiS particles showed a mean particle size of 61 ± 2 nm (by TEM) and 64 nm (through the PCS method) with high purities approved via XRD and EDS analyses. Moreover, comparing the obtained XRD data with the standard ones showed a perfect match with the hexagonal structure of the NiS phase. We finally concluded that such a presented approach is very practical and efficient for converting the LIBs to an extremely valuable product. Future studies are suggested for the fundamental conceptualization of the processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy)
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14 pages, 6067 KiB  
Article
Thermo-Optical Switching Effect Based on a Tapered Optical Fiber and Higher Alkanes Doped with ZnS:Mn
by Joanna E. Moś, Karol A. Stasiewicz, Katarzyna Matras-Postołek and Leszek R. Jaroszewicz
Materials 2020, 13(21), 5044; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13215044 - 9 Nov 2020
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2982
Abstract
The paper investigates the effect of thermo-optic switching resulting from the hybrid combination of a tapered optical fiber (TOF) with alkanes doped with nanoparticles of zinc sulfide doped with manganese (ZnS:Mn NP). Presented measurements focused on controlling losses in an optical fiber by [...] Read more.
The paper investigates the effect of thermo-optic switching resulting from the hybrid combination of a tapered optical fiber (TOF) with alkanes doped with nanoparticles of zinc sulfide doped with manganese (ZnS:Mn NP). Presented measurements focused on controlling losses in an optical fiber by modification of a TOF cladding by the alkanes used, characterized by phase change. Temperature changes cause power transmission changes creating a switcher or a sensor working in an ON-OFF mode. Phase change temperatures and changes in the refractive index of the alkane used directly affected power switching. Alkanes were doped with ZnS:Mn NPs to change the hysteresis observed between ON-OFF modes in pure alkanes. The addition of nanoparticles (NPs) reduces the difference between phase changes due to improved thermal conductivity and introduces extra nucleating agents. Results are presented in the wide optical range of 550–1200 nm. In this investigation, hexadecane and heptadecane were a new cladding for TOF. The higher alkanes were doped with ZnS: Mn NPs in an alkane volume of 1 wt.% and 5 wt.%. The thermo-optic effect can be applied to manufacture a thermo-optic switcher or a temperature threshold sensor. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Photonic Sensors)
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13 pages, 4943 KiB  
Article
MnS-Nanoparticles-Decorated Three-Dimensional Graphene Hybrid as Highly Efficient Bifunctional Electrocatalyst for Hydrogen Evolution Reaction and Oxygen Reduction Reaction
by Khalil ur Rehman, Shaista Airam, Long Song, Jian Gao, Qiang Guo, Yukun Xiao and Zhipan Zhang
Catalysts 2020, 10(10), 1141; https://doi.org/10.3390/catal10101141 - 3 Oct 2020
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3415
Abstract
The search for renewable energy resources has attracted considerable research interests in electrochemical reactions of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that are essential for fuel cells. Earth-abundant, eco-friendly and cost-effective transition metal compounds are emerging candidates as electrocatalysts in [...] Read more.
The search for renewable energy resources has attracted considerable research interests in electrochemical reactions of hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) that are essential for fuel cells. Earth-abundant, eco-friendly and cost-effective transition metal compounds are emerging candidates as electrocatalysts in these reactions. Herein, we report the growth of manganese sulfide nanoparticles on three-dimensional graphene, through an easy, progressive successive ionic layer adsorption and reaction (SILAR) method, where manganese sulfide nanoparticles (MnS-NPs), diameter of 4–5 nm are homogeneously decorated on the 3D graphene matrix. The formed hybrid shows improved HER activity in 0.1 M KOH when compared to bulk MnS. Moreover, MnS-NPs@3DG is also active in catalyzing ORR, qualifying it as a new type of bifunctional electrocatalyst in alkaline media. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Towards the Bifunctional Catalysts)
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8 pages, 3098 KiB  
Article
Monitoring of the Mechanism of Mn Ions Incorporation into Quantum Dots by Optical and EPR Spectroscopy
by Yuriy G. Galyametdinov, Dmitriy O. Sagdeev, Andrey A. Sukhanov, Violeta K. Voronkova and Radik R. Shamilov
Photonics 2019, 6(4), 107; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics6040107 - 19 Oct 2019
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 3749
Abstract
Synthesis of nanoparticles doped with various ions can significantly expand their functionality. The conditions of synthesis exert significant influence on the distribution nature of doped ions and therefore the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. In this paper, a correlation between the conditions of synthesis [...] Read more.
Synthesis of nanoparticles doped with various ions can significantly expand their functionality. The conditions of synthesis exert significant influence on the distribution nature of doped ions and therefore the physicochemical properties of nanoparticles. In this paper, a correlation between the conditions of synthesis of manganese-containing cadmium sulfide or zinc sulfide nanoparticles and their optical and magnetic properties is analyzed. Electron paramagnetic resonance was used to study the distribution of manganese ions in nanoparticles and the intensity of interaction between them depending on the conditions of synthesis of nanoparticles, the concentration of manganese, and the type of initial semiconductor. The increase of manganese concentration is shown to result in the formation of smaller CdS-based nanoparticles. Luminescent properties of nanoparticles were studied. The 580 nm peak, which is typical for manganese ions, becomes more distinguished with the increase of their concentration and the time of synthesis. Full article
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18 pages, 29876 KiB  
Article
Graphene Oxide/ZnS:Mn Nanocomposite Functionalized with Folic Acid as a Nontoxic and Effective Theranostic Platform for Breast Cancer Treatment
by Daysi Diaz-Diestra, Bibek Thapa, Dayra Badillo-Diaz, Juan Beltran-Huarac, Gerardo Morell and Brad R. Weiner
Nanomaterials 2018, 8(7), 484; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano8070484 - 30 Jun 2018
Cited by 44 | Viewed by 7850
Abstract
Nanoparticle-based cancer theranostic agents generally suffer of poor dispersability in biological media, re-agglomeration over time, and toxicity concerns. To address these challenges, we developed a nanocomposite consisting of chemically-reduced graphene oxide combined with manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots and functionalized with folic acid [...] Read more.
Nanoparticle-based cancer theranostic agents generally suffer of poor dispersability in biological media, re-agglomeration over time, and toxicity concerns. To address these challenges, we developed a nanocomposite consisting of chemically-reduced graphene oxide combined with manganese-doped zinc sulfide quantum dots and functionalized with folic acid (FA-rGO/ZnS:Mn). We studied the dispersion stability, Doxorubicin (DOX) loading and release efficiency, target specificity, internalization, and biocompatibility of FA-rGO/ZnS:Mn against folate-rich breast cancer cells, and compared to its uncoated counterpart (rGO/ZnS:Mn). The results indicate that DOX is adsorbed on the graphene surface via π–π stacking and hydrophobic interaction, with enhanced loading (~35%) and entrapment (~60%) efficiency that are associated to the chelation of DOX and surface Zn2+ ions. DOX release is favored under acidic conditions reaching a release of up to 95% after 70 h. Membrane integrity of the cells assessed by Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release indicate that the surface passivation caused by folic acid (FA) functionalization decreases the strong hydrophobic interaction between the cell membrane wall and the edges/corners of graphene flakes. Chemotherapeutic effect assays reveal that the cancer cell viability was reduced up to ~50% at 3 µg/mL of DOX-FA-rGO/ZnS:Mn exposure, which is more pronounced than those obtained for free DOX at the same doses. Moreover, DOX-rGO/ZnS:Mn did not show any signs of toxicity. An opposite trend was observed for cells that do not overexpress the folate receptors, indicating that FA functionalization endows rGO/ZnS:Mn with an effective ability to discriminate positive folate receptor cancerous cells, enhancing its drug loading/release efficiency as a compact drug delivery system (DDS). This study paves the way for the potential use of functionalized rGO/ZnS:Mn nanocomposite as a platform for targeted cancer treatment. Full article
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