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28 pages, 2291 KB  
Article
Understanding Dialectal Variation in Contact Scenarios Through Dialectometry: Insights from Inner Asia Minor Greek
by Stavros Bompolas and Dimitra Melissaropoulou
Languages 2025, 10(1), 13; https://doi.org/10.3390/languages10010013 - 16 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1512
Abstract
This study investigates the interplay between linguistic and extralinguistic factors in language contact scenarios, focusing on inner Asia Minor Greek (iAMGr), a dialect cluster influenced by Turkish and isolated from other Greek-speaking regions. Using dialectometric techniques, we quantified the dialect distances—encompassing both grammatical [...] Read more.
This study investigates the interplay between linguistic and extralinguistic factors in language contact scenarios, focusing on inner Asia Minor Greek (iAMGr), a dialect cluster influenced by Turkish and isolated from other Greek-speaking regions. Using dialectometric techniques, we quantified the dialect distances—encompassing both grammatical and lexical features, many of which reflect foreign interference—between nineteen iAMGr varieties. A regression analysis was then employed to evaluate the impact of geographic, demographic, and other macro-social factors on these distances. The results reveal distinct patterns. The grammatical features show a substantial divergence between communities, linked to structural borrowing and primarily influenced by the dominant group’s population size and degree of contact (low- vs. high-contact variety types). In contrast, lexical features exhibit greater convergence, primarily influenced by geography, linked to the susceptibility of lexical borrowing to casual contact. Unlike previous dialectometric studies that report a strong correlation between geographic and dialect distances, our findings suggest that geography’s influence varies by linguistic level, being more pronounced in lexical distances. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that certain dialect-specific factors previously identified in qualitative studies on iAMGr are statistically insignificant. The study concludes that, while geography remains relevant, macro-social factors often play a more critical role in language contact settings, particularly in shaping grammatical distances. These findings provide new insights into the determinants of dialect distances in such contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dialectal Dynamics)
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28 pages, 26560 KB  
Article
A Study on the Spatial, Structural, and Cultural Differentiation of Traditional Villages in Western Henan Using Geographic Detectors and ArcGIS
by Yipeng Ge, Yang Liu, Yueshan Ma, Zihan Qin, Qizheng Gan and Nan Li
Sustainability 2024, 16(23), 10188; https://doi.org/10.3390/su162310188 - 21 Nov 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1821
Abstract
Traditional villages are an important cultural heritage left by China’s agrarian civilization and serve as a testament to the historical development of the Chinese nation. The study of spatial and cultural differentiation in traditional villages is significant for their future preservation and development. [...] Read more.
Traditional villages are an important cultural heritage left by China’s agrarian civilization and serve as a testament to the historical development of the Chinese nation. The study of spatial and cultural differentiation in traditional villages is significant for their future preservation and development. Existing studies predominantly adopt a macro perspective, focusing on large-scale regions, and lack investigations from a micro perspective in medium- and small-scale areas. This study utilizes ArcGIS 10.8 for spatial analysis, multi-factor geographic detectors, and cultural geography spatial zoning methods to explore the spatial structure and cultural differentiation of 305 traditional villages in western Henan. The results indicate that the distribution of traditional villages in this region is significantly clustered and uneven, primarily concentrated in specific districts of Sanmenxia and Luoyang. Per capita GDP and the distance to roads are negatively correlated with the distribution of traditional settlements, reflecting the positive impact of lower economic levels and remote locations on village preservation. The spatial layout of traditional villages in western Henan exhibits clustering patterns, with cultural zoning characterized by distinct residential forms. This study, through the analysis of the spatial structure characteristics and influencing factors of traditional villages in the western Henan region, provides a new perspective on the formation and evolution of traditional villages, revealing the cultural differentiation characteristics of western Henan. The research results offer directional guidance for the conservation strategies of traditional villages in western Henan and provide a decision-making reference for cultural heritage conservation practices in similar regions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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13 pages, 1702 KB  
Article
Multiple Speciation and Extinction Rate Shifts Shaped the Macro-Evolutionary History of the Genus Lycium Towards a Rather Gradual Accumulation of Species Within the Genus
by Haikui Chen, Kowiyou Yessoufou, Xiu Zhang, Shouhe Lin and Ledile Mankga
Diversity 2024, 16(11), 680; https://doi.org/10.3390/d16110680 - 6 Nov 2024
Viewed by 2748
Abstract
The Neotropics are the most species-rich region on Earth, and spectacular diversification rates in plants are reported in plants, mostly occurring in oceanic archipelagos, making Neotropical and island plant lineages a model for macro-evolutionary studies. The genus Lycium in the Solanaceae family, originating [...] Read more.
The Neotropics are the most species-rich region on Earth, and spectacular diversification rates in plants are reported in plants, mostly occurring in oceanic archipelagos, making Neotropical and island plant lineages a model for macro-evolutionary studies. The genus Lycium in the Solanaceae family, originating from the Neotropics and exhibiting a unique disjunct geography across several islands, is therefore expected to experience exceptional diversification events. In this study, we aimed to quantify the diversification trajectories of the genus Lycium to elucidate the diversification events within the genus. We compiled a DNA matrix of six markers on 75% of all the species in the genus to reconstruct a dated phylogeny. Based on this phylogeny, we first revisited the historical biogeography of the genus. Then, we fitted a Compound Poisson Process on Mass Extinction Time model to investigate the following key evolutionary events: speciation rate, extinction rate, as well as mass extinction events. Our analysis confirmed that South America is the origin of the genus, which may have undergone a suite of successive long-distance dispersals. Also, we found that most species arose as recently as 5 million years ago, and that the diversification rate found is among the slowest rates in the plant kingdom. This is likely shaped by the multiple speciation and extinction rate shifts that we also detected throughout the evolutionary history of the genus, including one mass extinction at the early stage of its evolutionary history. However, both speciation and extinction rates remain roughly constant over time, leading to a gradual species accumulation over time. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2024 Feature Papers by Diversity’s Editorial Board Members)
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19 pages, 10217 KB  
Article
Progress in Remote Sensing and GIS-Based FDI Research Based on Quantitative and Qualitative Analysis
by Zifeng Li
Land 2024, 13(8), 1313; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13081313 - 19 Aug 2024
Viewed by 2315
Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) by transnational companies (TNCs) is the primary indicator of urban globalization. The initial publication on the topic of remote sensing and geographic information system-based urban globalization research was published in 1981. However, the number of publications on this topic [...] Read more.
Foreign direct investment (FDI) by transnational companies (TNCs) is the primary indicator of urban globalization. The initial publication on the topic of remote sensing and geographic information system-based urban globalization research was published in 1981. However, the number of publications on this topic remains relatively limited. Despite some advances in the field in recent decades, there is currently no comprehensive review of related research, and it is not clear how the different perspectives and views have been developed. Furthermore, previous literature reviews on the utilization of remote sensing and GIS technology in urban development have predominantly employed quantitative methodologies, which has resulted in a paucity of qualitative analysis. In order to address these shortcomings, this paper employs a mixed-methods approach, integrating quantitative and qualitative analyses. This entails the utilization of a combination of the scientometric method and a qualitative literature review method. The findings are as follows: (1) The number of publications is still relatively limited, and research in this area is still in its infancy. (2) Some of the articles are evidently interdisciplinary in nature. (3) Progress has been made in terms of geographic visualization of FDI, macro-environmental research at different scales, global value chains, the micro-geography of TNCs, and globalization of the geo-information industry. (4) The spatial and temporal development pattern, location, and accessibility of FDI have constituted a significant area of research interest in the past. Similarly, the relationships between FDI and regional development, urban growth, land use, and environmental change have emerged as prominent research directions. China’s Belt and Road Initiative is an emerging popular topic. (5) In recent years, there has been a notable increase in the number of papers employing multi-source data and multi-method approaches. (6) The extent of research collaborations between countries is relatively limited, with the majority of such collaborations occurring within the past five years. Finally, based on these research findings, this paper suggests future research directions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Progress in RS&GIS-Based Urban Planning)
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16 pages, 4171 KB  
Article
Effects of Topography and Geography on Solar Diffuse Fraction Modeling in Taiwan
by Chun-Tin Lin and Keh-Chin Chang
Atmosphere 2024, 15(7), 807; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos15070807 - 5 Jul 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1038
Abstract
A correlation model for the diffuse fraction was recently developed on the basis of a data set obtained in the western part of the Taiwanese mainland. However, it is widely agreed that no existing diffuse fraction correlation model is applicable to all geographical [...] Read more.
A correlation model for the diffuse fraction was recently developed on the basis of a data set obtained in the western part of the Taiwanese mainland. However, it is widely agreed that no existing diffuse fraction correlation model is applicable to all geographical regions and climatic conditions, which is a viewpoint stated from a macro perspective. This study re-justifies this viewpoint through the consideration of a rather small geographical region: Taiwan. The topographic profile of the Taiwanese mainland primarily comprises the high-rise Central Mountain Ranges running from north–northeast to south–southwest, which separate the mainland into eastern and western parts. Furthermore, there are a number of small, remote islands around the Taiwanese mainland. The humidity over the sky dome of these small islands, carried from the moist sea (or ocean) air, is usually greater than that of the Taiwanese mainland. This results in different diffuse fraction patterns between these two geographical regions due to the climatic factor of atmospheric constituents. Two diffuse fraction correlation models for Taiwan were developed using in situ data sets for the eastern part of the Taiwanese mainland and an island in the Penghu archipelago, respectively. In particular, one case considered the topographic effect on modeling the diffuse fraction in Taiwan, while the other considered the geographical effect. Statistical assessments indicate that each correlation model developed in the present study performed better than the previous one developed using the in situ data set for the western part of the Taiwanese mainland, with both applied to the specific site where the data set was used for the model’s development. This work demonstrates the need to consider the effects of topography and geography when modeling the diffuse fraction in Taiwan. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Upper Atmosphere)
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24 pages, 21044 KB  
Article
Housing Practices of Albanian Immigrants in Athens: An “in-between” Socio-Spatial Condition
by Iris Polyzou and Stavros Nikiforos Spyrellis
Land 2024, 13(7), 964; https://doi.org/10.3390/land13070964 - 1 Jul 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3125
Abstract
Immigrants’ access to housing is often the outcome of self-settlement practices within a context of limited social policies that often characterizes Southern European metropolises. Hence, immigrants are facing multiple constraints and remain vulnerable towards diverse socioeconomic fluctuations. This article focuses on the housing [...] Read more.
Immigrants’ access to housing is often the outcome of self-settlement practices within a context of limited social policies that often characterizes Southern European metropolises. Hence, immigrants are facing multiple constraints and remain vulnerable towards diverse socioeconomic fluctuations. This article focuses on the housing practices followed by Albanian immigrants, the largest immigrant group in Athens’s municipality, to examine how spatial inequalities are intertwined with ethnicity in the Greek capital. The objective is twofold: to discuss ethnic segregation on the micro-scale of Athenian central neighborhoods and examine how immigrants’ housing practices are being challenged within a rapidly changing socio-spatial context. The methodology follows a mixed approach, aiming at identifying differentiations and inequalities both on the macro- and micro-spatial scale. First, differentiations among Greeks, Albanians, and other third-country nationals in Athens (2011) are traced and compared, based on quantitative data. Second, for the purpose of highlighting micro-geographies in the city, this article presents an analysis of collected narratives of Albanian immigrants, through semi-structured interviews held in 2023. The main results indicate that the population under study finds itself in an “in-between” socio-spatial condition: an “in-between”, compared to the housing experiences of Greek households and other third-country nationals, that produces (and reproduces) segregation trends visible on the micro-scale. Moreover, this article attempts to highlight how the lack of housing policies put in peril the successful self-settlement practices of Albanian immigrants, in the current context of financialization of the Athenian housing market. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Urban Micro-Segregation)
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32 pages, 5551 KB  
Data Descriptor
Internationalization in the Baltic Regional Accounts: A NUTS 3 Region Dataset
by Rasmus Bøgh Holmen, Nicolas Gavoille, Jaan Masso and Arūnas Burinskas
Data 2023, 8(12), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/data8120181 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2940
Abstract
Features of internationalization, such as trade, foreign direct investments, and international migration, are crucial for understanding the economic developments of small and open economies. However, studying internationalization at the country level may obscure significant heterogeneity in its relationship with economic growth and other [...] Read more.
Features of internationalization, such as trade, foreign direct investments, and international migration, are crucial for understanding the economic developments of small and open economies. However, studying internationalization at the country level may obscure significant heterogeneity in its relationship with economic growth and other economic and social outcomes. Regional accounts provide insights into the geography of internationalization, but collections of such disaggregated statistics are rarely provided by statistical bureaus. The purpose of this paper is twofold. First, we demonstrate how regional account data, including internationalization indicators, can be constructed to obtain consistent and homogeneous regional-level series using a combination of micro and macro data sources. Second, our aim is to foster spatial research on internationalization and the spatial economy in the Baltics by providing comprehensive data collection of socio-economic variables at the NUTS 3 regional level over time. This collection encompasses trade, FDI, and migration, enabling the study of internationalization and other features of the Baltic economy. We present a series of key features, revealing noticeable correlation patterns between regional development and internationalization. Full article
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49 pages, 21759 KB  
Article
Species Diversity of Lycoperdaceae (Agaricales) in Israel, with Some Insights into the Phylogenetic Structure of the Family
by Maxim Krakhmalnyi, Omoanghe S. Isikhuemhen, Mikael Jeppson, Solomon P. Wasser and Eviatar Nevo
J. Fungi 2023, 9(10), 1038; https://doi.org/10.3390/jof9101038 - 22 Oct 2023
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4251
Abstract
The diversity of Lycoperdaceae in Israel was studied. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the family, and genus Lycoperdon in particular, were inferred using original ITS rDNA sequences of 58 samples belonging to 25 species from Israel and six other countries, together with 66 sequences [...] Read more.
The diversity of Lycoperdaceae in Israel was studied. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the family, and genus Lycoperdon in particular, were inferred using original ITS rDNA sequences of 58 samples belonging to 25 species from Israel and six other countries, together with 66 sequences stored in the GenBank database. The current molecular phylogenetic study recovered the family Lycoperdaceae as a monophyletic group, which was supported in both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses. The clades corresponding to the genera Apioperdon, Bovista, Calvatia, Disciseda, and Lycoperdon were revealed. The taxonomic structure of the named genera was partially resolved. Within the genus Lycoperdon, some species received significant statistical support; however, their relationships, as well as the problem of the genus monophyly, mostly remained questionable. As a result of a thorough literature survey, extensive sample collection, and studies of the material stored in the Herbarium of the Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa (HAI, Israel), fifteen species representing five genera were found in the territory of Israel. Six species, namely Apioperdon pyriforme, Bovista aestivalis, Calvatia candida, Lycoperdon decipiens, L. niveum, and L. perlatum, are new additions to the diversity of Lycoperdaceae in Israel. Detailed macro- and micromorphological descriptions, ecology, geography, and critical notes, together with light microscopy photos and SEM micrographs, are provided. In-depth discussion on some taxonomically challenging species is presented. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Fungal Diversity in Europe, 2nd Edition)
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27 pages, 670 KB  
Article
Utilitarian Qubit, Human Geography, and Pandemic Preparedness in the 21st Century
by Chidinma U. Iheanetu, Kelly A. Maguire, Valéria Moricová, Roman Tandlich and Sergio Alloggio
Sustainability 2023, 15(1), 321; https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010321 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2408
Abstract
Human actions are ambivalent in nature and this in turn has an impact on all components of socio-ecological systems. Their ambivalence results from the fact that human actions have both positive and negative outcomes and properties, which occur and manifest concurrently in the [...] Read more.
Human actions are ambivalent in nature and this in turn has an impact on all components of socio-ecological systems. Their ambivalence results from the fact that human actions have both positive and negative outcomes and properties, which occur and manifest concurrently in the ontological realm of human existence. In terms of space–time, both micro-geography and macro-geography of human existence are intertwined during the COVID-19 pandemic, thus affecting pre- and post-pandemic space–time continuum. The utilitarian qubit can be used to describe the nature of human existence, i.e., Homo sapiens has always been experiencing a state of existence where pain and pleasure are co-extensive. In this state, it is impossible to establish to what extent pain, and to what extent pleasure, will have a definitive impact on our status as individuals and humanity as a species. In this article, the authors explore how the record of an individual’s life before and after the COVID-19 pandemic has been impacted by the wellbeing and actions of other humans and prior to one’s existence. Drawing on the utilitarian qubit, the COVID-19 pandemic, and its impacts on the members of Homo sapiens, can be understood as a partial outcome of the cumulative actions of humanity on the biosphere and other elements of the global ecosystem (the Age of the Anthropocene). We argue that this paper is also useful to foster disaster preparedness and resilience in the pandemic and post-pandemic era, at micro- and macro-geographical interfaces of human existence in the 21st century. The existence of individual members of Homo sapiens and humanity as a species is unfolding at the boundary between two levels: fundamental reality and situational reality. The result is the historical accumulation and ontological interconnectedness of humanity’s activities with one’s own actions. Pain and pleasure resulting from the COVID-19 pandemic and the Age of Anthropocene, as well as the right and wrong consequences of humanity’s actions, are posited here to be symptoms of the Anthropocenic (phase of) epidemiological transition. Full article
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17 pages, 2412 KB  
Article
Evolutionary Mechanisms of Ecological Agriculture Innovation Systems: Evidence from Chongming Eco-Island, China
by Yang Yang, Shishuai Ge, Xianzhong Cao and Gang Zeng
Land 2022, 11(11), 1909; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11111909 - 27 Oct 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2541
Abstract
Constructing an ecological–agricultural innovation system (EAIS) and exploring its evolution patterns are effective ways to overcome the current bottleneck in the world’s agricultural development, which is also an important area of concern for economic geography scholars. Based on innovation system and agricultural innovation [...] Read more.
Constructing an ecological–agricultural innovation system (EAIS) and exploring its evolution patterns are effective ways to overcome the current bottleneck in the world’s agricultural development, which is also an important area of concern for economic geography scholars. Based on innovation system and agricultural innovation system (AIS) theories and relevant research literature, this study constructed an analytical framework for the evolution of the EAIS and analyses the characteristics and mechanisms of the EAIS evolution at three levels. With the help of in-depth research data on the ecological agriculture of Chongming’s eco-island, this study analysed the structural composition, evolutionary paths, and mechanisms of Chongming’s ecological–agricultural innovation system (EAIS). The main findings are that the evolutionary structure of the EAIS can be divided into three levels. At the micro level, ecological–agricultural producers and operators are continuously spun off along with the expansion of industry scale under the role of market orientation, technology promotion, and regulatory management. At the meso level, all actors actively seek specialised associations to obtain innovation resources, forming an innovation network. At the macro level, ecological–agricultural regulatory actors incorporate all actors into the ecological regulatory system so that the evolutionary path of the EAIS can be regulated for cleaner production. EAIS is the evolution of innovation systems in synergy between the three levels of ‘actor’ + ‘network’ + ‘institution’. Full article
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22 pages, 4375 KB  
Article
The Location and Built Environment of Cultural and Creative Industry in Hangzhou, China: A Spatial Entropy Weight Overlay Method Based on Multi-Source Data
by Dandan Wu, Yang Wu, Xinxin Ni, Yuandan Sun and Renfeng Ma
Land 2022, 11(10), 1695; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11101695 - 30 Sep 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 4600
Abstract
Quantitative identification of the location of cultural and creative industries has always been an important issue in the study of micro-locations in human geography. However, most of the previous studies on the location of cultural and creative industries focused on the macro description [...] Read more.
Quantitative identification of the location of cultural and creative industries has always been an important issue in the study of micro-locations in human geography. However, most of the previous studies on the location of cultural and creative industries focused on the macro description of the existing cultural and creative industry and lacked quantitative identification of micro-locations suitable for cultivating and developing cultural and creative industries. Therefore, based on the relevant location theory of cultural and creative industries, the urban creative field strength and its quantitative model are proposed. From the perspective of the built environment, 500 m × 500 m grids were established as analysis units based on multi-source data, including society, economy and geography data, using the geographic information system (GIS) analysis technology and spatial entropy weight overlay method to describe and visualize the micro-locations of urban cultural and creative industries. Based on the empirical study in Hangzhou, the following can be concluded: (1) the study method of “single index measurement–entropy method weighting–space weighted summation–hot spot analysis” constructed can quantitatively identify the micro-location of urban cultural and creative industries. It proves that the research framework proposed is scientifically valid. (2) The overall field strength of the creative field in Hangzhou has a circular structure with multiple centers, gradually decreasing outward from the main urban area of Hangzhou, with the sub-centers of the creative field scattered around the core urban area. The most suitable location for the cultivation and development of cultural and creative industries in Hangzhou is located in Wensan District as the core area, which includes Wensan Road, Xueyuan Road, Wulin Square, Hangzhou Future City-Xixi Wetland, etc. (3) The location around the provincial/city/district government land is the core area of creative field strength, which is more suitable for the development of cultural and creative industries. The farther from the core area, the smaller the creative field strength is, and the more obvious the attenuation of distance is. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Territory Spatial Planning toward High-Quality Development in China)
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19 pages, 1927 KB  
Article
Disasters and Society: Comparing the Shang and Mycenaean Response to Natural Phenomena through Text and Archaeology
by Alexander Jan Dimitris Westra, Changhong Miao, Ioannis Liritzis and Manolis Stefanakis
Quaternary 2022, 5(3), 33; https://doi.org/10.3390/quat5030033 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 8473
Abstract
Disasters do and have happened throughout human existence. Their traces are found in the environmental record, archaeological evidence, and historical chronicles. Societal responses to these events vary and depend on ecological and cultural constraints and opportunities. These elements are being discovered more and [...] Read more.
Disasters do and have happened throughout human existence. Their traces are found in the environmental record, archaeological evidence, and historical chronicles. Societal responses to these events vary and depend on ecological and cultural constraints and opportunities. These elements are being discovered more and more on a global scale. When looking at disasters in antiquity, restoring the environmental and geographical context on both the macro- and microscale is necessary. The relationships between global climatic processes and microgeographical approaches ought to be understood by examining detailed societal strategies conceived in response to threatening natural phenomena. Architectural designs, human geography, political geography, technological artefacts, and textual testimony are linked to a society’s inherited and real sense of natural threats, such as floods, earthquakes, fires, diseases, etc. The Shang and Mycenaean cultures are prime examples, among others, of Bronze Age societies with distinctive geographical, environmental, and cultural features and structures that defined their attitudes and responses to dangerous natural phenomena, such as floods, earthquakes, landslides, and drought. By leaning on two well-documented societies with little to no apparent similarities in environmental and cultural aspects and no credible evidence of contact, diffusion, or exchange, we can examine them free of the onus of diffused intangible and tangible cultural features. Even though some evidence of long-distance networks in the Bronze Age exists, they presumable had no impact on local adaptive strategies. The Aegean Sea and Yellow River cultural landscapes share many similarities and dissimilarities and vast territorial and cultural expansions. They have an apparent contemporaneity, and both recede and collapse at about the same time. Thus, through the microgeography of a few select Shang and Mycenaean sites and their relevant environmental, archaeological, and historical contexts, and through environmental effects on a global scale, we may understand chain events of scattered human societal changes, collapses, and revolutions on a structural level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Geoarchaeology and Cultural Heritage)
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30 pages, 8365 KB  
Article
The Functional Evolution and Dynamic Mechanism of Rural Homesteads under the Background of Socioeconomic Transition: An Empirical Study on Macro- and Microscales in China
by Kangchuan Su, Jiang Wu, Lulu Zhou, Hongji Chen and Qingyuan Yang
Land 2022, 11(8), 1143; https://doi.org/10.3390/land11081143 - 25 Jul 2022
Cited by 12 | Viewed by 3255
Abstract
With the development of China’s national economy from the middle- and low-income stages to the middle- and high-income stages, the function of homesteads has undergone a significant evolution. Clarifying the evolution laws, characteristics, and dynamic mechanisms of various functions of homesteads can provide [...] Read more.
With the development of China’s national economy from the middle- and low-income stages to the middle- and high-income stages, the function of homesteads has undergone a significant evolution. Clarifying the evolution laws, characteristics, and dynamic mechanisms of various functions of homesteads can provide a basis for revitalizing the use of idle homesteads and promoting rural economic development. It can also provide theoretical guidance for implementing the Rural Revitalization Strategy. This paper uses statistical data and household survey data to establish a theoretical analytical framework for the functional evolution of rural homesteads under the background of changes in national economic-income levels. This study adopts comprehensive index model evaluation methods, participatory rural assessments, and participatory rural-mapping methods. This study reveals the characteristics and driving mechanism of the functional evolution of homesteads at different stages of economic development in China and verifies it from a microscale through typical rural homestay villages. The results show that the functional evolution of rural homesteads in China has apparent stages. In the middle- and low-income stages, the basic functions of the rural homestead are the living function, agricultural-production function, and social-security function. In the middle- and high-income stages, the living function, the nonagricultural-production function, and the asset function are the main functions. The functional evolution of rural homesteads is driven by both macro and micro factors. The multifunctional use of rural homesteads can fully activate the use rights of homesteads, realize the appreciation of the functional value of rural homestead assets, and provide primary power for rural social and economic development. Furthermore, it can play an essential role in China crossing the “middle-income trap”. The research results provide evidence for understanding the functional evolution law of rural homesteads and contribute to the rural geography of multifunctionality. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Land Socio-Economic and Political Issues)
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20 pages, 4823 KB  
Review
A Scientometric Analysis and Review of the Emissions Trading System
by Yu-Jie Hu, Lishan Yang, Fali Duan, Honglei Wang and Chengjiang Li
Energies 2022, 15(12), 4423; https://doi.org/10.3390/en15124423 - 17 Jun 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3711
Abstract
As a vital market mechanism to mitigate global warming, the emissions trading system (ETS) has critical research and practice value. According to articles from Web of Science’s core collection, quantitative statistics are used to analyze the ETS, including statistics on the number of [...] Read more.
As a vital market mechanism to mitigate global warming, the emissions trading system (ETS) has critical research and practice value. According to articles from Web of Science’s core collection, quantitative statistics are used to analyze the ETS, including statistics on the number of articles, distributions of time and geography, journals and subjects, productive authors and institutions, academic collation, article citations, and hot topics. Moreover, this paper presents a qualitative analysis of research on the ETS, exploring hot issues, including its origin, allowance allocation, the impact of allowance allocation, and the ETS in the power sector. The results show that it is necessary to launch ETS to mitigate climate change effectively and reduce emissions at a low cost. Allowance allocation as its critical component has also caused heated discussion among scholars. In allowance allocation, exploring a desire to assign the future allowable carbon emissions reasonably and efficiently is vital, yet scholars widely do not accept this. Moreover, free allocation can only be applied to the transitional stage, and auctioning will be inevitable. In addition, scholars have studied the impact of different allowance allocation schemes from macro and micro perspectives and take the power sector, namely the largest emitter, as an example, by linear programming, equilibrium modeling, and multi-agent modeling. However, the quota allocation scheme needs improvement due to firms’ accuracy of emission data. Finally, governments are encouraged to launch the ETS to reduce emissions and combat climate change. The ETS should be improved gradually, including aspects such as cap setting, covering sectors, and the allocation method. Additionally, some key emission sectors and regions can be taken as the research and practice objects in the initial stage of the ETS. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Smart Energy Management for Microgrid and Photovoltaic Systems)
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23 pages, 2664 KB  
Article
Geographies of Flowers and Geographies of Flower Power
by Annie Tubadji and Valentina Montalto
Sustainability 2021, 13(24), 13712; https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413712 - 12 Dec 2021
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 3880
Abstract
The world is changing under the pressure of environmental and health crises, and in this context, location choice and political choice become of even more poignant importance. Following a Culture-Based Development (CBD) stand, our paper highlights the link between political voting and the [...] Read more.
The world is changing under the pressure of environmental and health crises, and in this context, location choice and political choice become of even more poignant importance. Following a Culture-Based Development (CBD) stand, our paper highlights the link between political voting and the cultural and ecological valuation of a place. We start from the premise that the individual utility functions of the urban inhabitant and the urban voter coincide, since they both express the citizen’s satisfaction with the life in a place. We suggest that the unified citizen’s utility function is driven by a trade-off between the availability of virtual and physical spaces for interaction. We expect that this trade-off can lead to dissatisfaction with the place and consequent political discontent if the incumbents’ access to green areas and artistic environment in a place is simultaneously hampered for a long time. Our operational hypothesis is that the political sensitivity of citizens is related to the local availability of green areas (geographies of flowers) and cultural capital endowments (geographies of flower power). Using individual-level data from the WVS from the period close before the pandemic—2017–2020, we test empirically this hypothesis. We use as an outcome of interest the individual propensity to active political behaviour. We explain this propensity through the geographies of flowers (i.e., green areas) and geographies of flower power (i.e., cultural and creative industries). We compare the effects for urban and for rural areas. We find strong dependence of politically proactive behaviour on the geographies of flowers and geographies of flower power, with explicit prominence in urban areas. We find a more pronounced effect of these two geographies on the utility function of incumbent than migrant residents. We also crosscheck empirically the relationship of this CBD mechanism on an aggregate level, using data from the Cultural and Creative Cities Monitor. The findings confirm the Schelling magnifying effect of micro preferences on a macro level. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Cultural, Creative and Sustainable Cities)
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