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Search Results (125)

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Keywords = low carbon diet

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14 pages, 584 KiB  
Review
Pectin and Its Beneficial Effect on Health: New Contributions in Research and the Need to Increase Fruits and Vegetables Consumption—A Review
by Luis Valladares and Fernando Vio
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(14), 6852; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26146852 - 17 Jul 2025
Viewed by 513
Abstract
The beneficial effect of consuming fruits and vegetables in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and healthy aging is well known. This is attributed to food and vegetable antioxidant and fiber content. The aim of this publication is to communicate the results of [...] Read more.
The beneficial effect of consuming fruits and vegetables in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases and healthy aging is well known. This is attributed to food and vegetable antioxidant and fiber content. The aim of this publication is to communicate the results of recent research on pectin in humans, to propose an increased consumption of fruits and vegetables, or their possible use as a food supplement. A comprehensive narrative review was conducted considering recent publications on pectin. The description of starch, pectin, the physicochemical changes caused by pectin, and the effect of pectin on the activity of amylase are reported. Dietary fiber and gut microbiota in human health are also described, with the production of saturated fatty acids with fewer than six carbon atoms. Finally, health effects such as anti-hyperglycemic and anti-hyperlipidemic activities, preventing and controlling obesity and heart disease, are analyzed, as well as other health effects in tumors, the gastrointestinal tract, and immunity. Considering the beneficial effects of pectin in health and the low consumption throughout the world, it is recommended to promote the consumption of fruits and vegetables to increase pectin intake in the human diet. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Molecular Mechanisms and Treatment of Cardiovascular Diseases)
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32 pages, 857 KiB  
Review
Integrating Technological Innovations and Sustainable Practices to Abate Methane Emissions from Livestock: A Comprehensive Review
by Amr S. Morsy, Yosra A. Soltan, Waleed Al-Marzooqi and Hani M. El-Zaiat
Sustainability 2025, 17(14), 6458; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17146458 - 15 Jul 2025
Viewed by 564
Abstract
Livestock farming is a vital component of global food security, yet it remains a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane (CH4), which has a global warming potential 28 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO2). This review [...] Read more.
Livestock farming is a vital component of global food security, yet it remains a major contributor to greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, particularly methane (CH4), which has a global warming potential 28 times greater than carbon dioxide (CO2). This review provides a comprehensive synthesis of current knowledge surrounding the sources, biological mechanisms, and mitigation strategies related to CH4 emissions from ruminant livestock. We first explore the process of methanogenesis within the rumen, detailing the role of methanogenic archaea and the environmental factors influencing CH4 production. A thorough assessment of both direct and indirect methods used to quantify CH4 emissions is presented, including in vitro techniques (e.g., syringe method, batch culture, RUSITEC), in vivo techniques (e.g., respiration chambers, Greenfeed, laser CH4 detectors), and statistical modeling approaches. The advantages and limitations of each method are critically analyzed in terms of accuracy, cost, feasibility, and applicability to different farming systems. We then examine a wide range of mitigation strategies, organized into four core pillars: (1) animal and feed management (e.g., genetic selection, pasture quality improvement), (2) diet formulation (e.g., feed additives such as oils, tannins, saponins, and seaweed), (3) rumen manipulation (e.g., probiotics, ionophores, defaunation, vaccination), and (4) manure management practices and policy-level interventions. These strategies are evaluated not only for their environmental impact but also for their economic and practical viability in diverse livestock systems. By integrating technological innovations with sustainable agricultural practices, this review highlights pathways to reduce CH4 emissions while maintaining animal productivity. It aims to support decision-makers, researchers, and livestock producers in the global effort to transition toward climate-smart, low-emission livestock farming. Full article
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27 pages, 1374 KiB  
Review
Increasing Life Expectancy with Plant Polyphenols: Lessons from the Mediterranean and Japanese Diets
by Marco Fiore, Anton B. Tonchev, Ruzha Z. Pancheva, Tetsumori Yamashima, Sabrina Venditti, Giampiero Ferraguti and Sergio Terracina
Molecules 2025, 30(13), 2888; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30132888 - 7 Jul 2025
Viewed by 947
Abstract
Plant polyphenols have emerged as potent bioactive molecules that can modulate key cellular pathways associated with aging and chronic disorders. The Mediterranean diet and the traditional Japanese style of life are rich in polyphenol-containing foods and beverages, and epidemiological evidence links these dietary [...] Read more.
Plant polyphenols have emerged as potent bioactive molecules that can modulate key cellular pathways associated with aging and chronic disorders. The Mediterranean diet and the traditional Japanese style of life are rich in polyphenol-containing foods and beverages, and epidemiological evidence links these dietary patterns to increased longevity and reduced morbidity. This narrative review examines the chemical description of plant polyphenols, their mechanisms of action, including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and hormetic effects, and how supplementation or a diet rich in these compounds may provide further life extension. We discuss the major classes of polyphenols present in the Mediterranean dietary pattern (e.g., resveratrol and hydroxytyrosol) and in the Japanese diet (e.g., epigallocatechin gallate and soy isoflavones), comparing their biological behaviors and cooperative effects on metabolic, cardiovascular, and neurodegenerative conditions. We also examine a few preclinical and clinical studies that explain the beneficial impact of these chemicals on aging-associated biomarkers. Furthermore, both dietary habits are characterized by low consumption of processed foods and sugary carbonated drinks and reduced utilization of deep-frying with linoleic acid-rich oils, a practice that reduces the formation of harmful lipid peroxidation products, notably 4-hydroxynonenal, known to be implicated in accelerating the aging process. The Mediterranean dietary pattern is also characterized by a low/moderate daily consumption of wine, mainly red wine. This work debates emerging evidence addressing issues of bioavailability, dosage optimization, and formulation technologies for polyphenol supplementation, also comparing differences and similarities with the vegan and vegetarian diets. We also explore how these chemicals could modulate epigenetic modifications that affect gene expression patterns pertinent to health and aging. In conclusion, we aim to show a consolidated framework for the comprehension of how plant polyphenols could be utilized in nutritional strategies for potentiating life expectancy while stimulating further research on nutraceutical development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Bioactive Phenolic and Polyphenolic Compounds, 3rd Edition)
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16 pages, 895 KiB  
Article
EAT–Lancet Recommendations and Their Viability in Chile (2014–2023): A Decade-Long Cost Comparison Between a Healthy and Sustainable Basket and the Basic Food Basket
by Daniel Egaña Rojas, Patricia Gálvez Espinoza, Lorena Rodríguez-Osiac and Francisco Cerecera Cabalín
Nutrients 2025, 17(12), 1953; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17121953 - 8 Jun 2025
Viewed by 890
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Addressing the global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change requires a shift toward healthy and sustainable diets. This study examines the feasibility and cost implications of implementing a Healthy and Sustainable Basic Food Basket in Chile that aligns with the EAT– [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Addressing the global syndemic of obesity, undernutrition, and climate change requires a shift toward healthy and sustainable diets. This study examines the feasibility and cost implications of implementing a Healthy and Sustainable Basic Food Basket in Chile that aligns with the EAT–Lancet diet recommendations, through its comparison with the current Basic Food Basket used for the poverty line definition. Methods: The Healthy and Sustainable Basic Food Basket was constructed based on the EAT–Lancet dietary model and was uniquely adapted to reflect the observed consumption patterns of Chile’s lowest income quintile, allowing for a more realistic affordability assessment for vulnerable populations. Food prices from the National Institute of Statistics were analyzed over a 10-year period (2014–2023). Results: This study found that the Healthy and Sustainable Basic Food Basket provides 2001 kcal per day with a balanced macronutrient distribution. However, its average cost was 13.9% higher than the Basic Food Basket, posing a significant economic barrier for low-income populations. The cost gap varied seasonally, peaking in October (21.1% higher) and narrowing in December (4.6% higher). Long-term trends showed increasing costs for both baskets, with the Healthy and Sustainable Basic Food Basket reaching its highest price in 2023, further limiting affordability. Conclusions: These findings highlight the limitations of current poverty measurement frameworks in Chile, which prioritize caloric sufficiency over nutritional quality and sustainability. This suggests a need for policy revisions to incorporate the cost of healthy and sustainable diets into poverty assessments and social protection programs. Key policy recommendations include promoting healthier diets and improved food nutrition, supporting low-carbon foods, regulating local food production and supply systems, and encouraging seasonal, local consumption. This study underscores the need for structural interventions to ensure equitable access to sustainable diets, addressing both public health and environmental concerns. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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20 pages, 5346 KiB  
Article
Long-Term Moderate Increase in Medium-Chain Fatty Acids Intake Enhances Muscle Metabolism and Function in Mice
by Ziwei Zhang, Cong Wu, Shuo Wang, Yishan Tong, Jiapeng Huang, Chuwen Xue, Tiehan Cao and Katsuhiko Suzuki
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(9), 4126; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26094126 - 26 Apr 2025
Viewed by 837
Abstract
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) refer to a mixture of fatty acids typically composed of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The unique transport and rapid metabolism of MCFAs provide more clinical benefits than other substrates, such as long-chain fatty acids. Although many studies have [...] Read more.
Medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) refer to a mixture of fatty acids typically composed of 6 to 12 carbon atoms. The unique transport and rapid metabolism of MCFAs provide more clinical benefits than other substrates, such as long-chain fatty acids. Although many studies have shown that MCFAs may improve exercise capacity and muscle strength, applications have mainly been limited to low doses. This study explores the effects of high-dose MCFA intake on muscle strength and exercise endurance. Mice were fed high-fat diets containing 30, 35, and 40% (w/w) MCFAs for 12 weeks, and measurements of grip strength and submaximal endurance exercise capacity were conducted to evaluate muscle function. Results showed that compared to the 30% MCFAs group, the absolute grip strength in the 35 and 40% MCFAs groups significantly increased; in terms of endurance performance, the 35% MCFAs group showed a significant increase compared to the 40% MCFAs group. These results were mainly achieved by promoting muscle regeneration and differentiation and inhibiting the expression of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. This study demonstrates that moderately increasing MCFA intake can improve the effects of obesity-induced muscle atrophy. However, excessive intake may reduce the impact of improvement. Full article
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15 pages, 698 KiB  
Article
Evaluating Natural Climate Solutions in Long-Term Climate Strategies: Opportunities for Enhanced Mitigation Across the European Union
by Giulio Di Lallo, Chiara De Notaris and Maria Vincenza Chiriacò
Land 2025, 14(4), 825; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14040825 - 10 Apr 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 516
Abstract
Effective national strategies must be carefully planned in advance to position the land sector as a pivotal contributor to achieving the 2050 climate neutrality target set by the European Union (EU) under the Paris Agreement. Governments define their pathways to achieve the climate [...] Read more.
Effective national strategies must be carefully planned in advance to position the land sector as a pivotal contributor to achieving the 2050 climate neutrality target set by the European Union (EU) under the Paris Agreement. Governments define their pathways to achieve the climate goals through the long-term low emission development strategies (LTSs), which describe policies and measures for a just and socially fair transition to low greenhouse gas. This paper explores the natural climate solutions foreseen by the available twenty-five LTSs in the EU to assess each country’s use and potential of land mitigation. Subsequently, it evaluates if better planning is possible to increase carbon storage and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. We found that most of the analyzed twenty-five EU countries envisage a wide set of natural climate solutions, demonstrating an understand of importance of land policies and measures to meet their climate targets. Sustainable forest management, agroforestry, and healthy and sustainable diets emerge as solutions mostly reported and with the largest mitigation potential across the EU, albeit with large variability among countries. However, some countries could further harness the potential for mitigation in the land sector. This study highlights how some countries could improve their LTSs, accounting for their specific land mitigation potential. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Land–Climate Interactions)
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15 pages, 1327 KiB  
Article
Effect of Vachellia tortilis Leaf Meal and Sunflower Oil Inclusion in Supplementary Diets of Lambs on In Vitro Short-Chain Fatty Acid and Gas Production and In Vivo Growth Performance
by Mahlogonolo Daniel Serumula, Bulelani Nangamso Pepeta, Mehluli Moyo, Terence Nkwanwir Suinyuy and Ignatius Verla Nsahlai
Animals 2025, 15(6), 863; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani15060863 - 17 Mar 2025
Viewed by 393
Abstract
This study examined the effect of dietary Vachellia tortilis leaf meal and sunflower oil inclusion in supplementary diets on in vitro short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and gas production and the in vivo growth performance of lambs. Four concentrate dietary treatments comprising control (CL), [...] Read more.
This study examined the effect of dietary Vachellia tortilis leaf meal and sunflower oil inclusion in supplementary diets on in vitro short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) and gas production and the in vivo growth performance of lambs. Four concentrate dietary treatments comprising control (CL), Vachellia tortilis leaf meal (VT), sunflower oil (SFO), and Vachellia tortilis leaf meal sunflower oil (VSFO) were formulated. Eight Merino lambs were blocked into two live weight blocks where animals within each block were randomly assigned to dietary treatments, making two animals per treatment. Lambs were offered a concentrate diet of 480 g/day per head, with urea-treated hay fed as a basal diet. Dietary effects were evaluated for in vitro short-chain fatty acid and gas production and 28-day growth performance of lambs over three study periods. The inclusion of VT and SFO showed no statistically significant effect on total SCFAs, acetate to propionate (A:P) ratio, methane (CH4), and carbon dioxide (CO2) production (p > 0.05), which might be attributable to low experimental units. The hourly A:P ratio and CH4 yield were the highest (p < 0.05) at 16 h of incubation. The inclusion of VT showed no statistically significant effect on growth performance and gas production due to the small sample size. Therefore, VT can be explored as a supplementary protein source in lamb diets given the impression of not showing any causative adverse effects on growth performance and in vitro gas production, although further research with larger sample sizes is needed to confirm these findings. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal System and Management)
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16 pages, 1263 KiB  
Review
Nutritional Habits in Crohn’s Disease Onset and Management
by Konstantinos Papadimitriou, Georgia-Eirini Deligiannidou, Gavriela Voulgaridou, Constantinos Giaginis and Sousana K. Papadopoulou
Nutrients 2025, 17(3), 559; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu17030559 - 31 Jan 2025
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1805
Abstract
Crohn’s disease (CD)’s activation factors are still unclear. However, they are reported to involve an interaction between genetic susceptibility and unhealthy lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2), and probably unbalanced nutritional habits. Therefore, the [...] Read more.
Crohn’s disease (CD)’s activation factors are still unclear. However, they are reported to involve an interaction between genetic susceptibility and unhealthy lifestyle factors like smoking, alcohol consumption, low physical activity, low BMI (<18.5 kg/m2), and probably unbalanced nutritional habits. Therefore, the aim of the present review is to demonstrate the possible effects of different nutritional habits, before the occurrence of the disease, as crucial factors for the inception of CD activation. The structure of the present narrative review was conducted following the instructions of the “Review Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics Checklist”. It is well established that the consumption of specific foods and drinks, such as spicy and fatty foods, raw vegetables and fruits, dairy products, carbonated beverages, and coffee or tea, can provoke the exacerbation of CD symptoms. On the other hand, Mediterranean-oriented diets seem to provide an inverse association with the incidence of CD. Moreover, patients seem to have the knowledge to select foods that contribute to the remission of their symptoms. However, it is not clearly reported whether the onset of CD activation is due to lifelong unbalanced nutritional habits and their subsequent effect on gut microbiota secretion, which seems to be the gold standard for CD’s investigation. Therefore, more future studies should record, examine, and compare the nutritional habits between patients with CD (immediately after the disease’s diagnosis) and healthy populations in a lifelong manner, in order to reveal the possible influence of foods on CD onset. Full article
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19 pages, 3957 KiB  
Article
Linking Cultivation Conditions to the Fatty Acid Profile and Nutritional Value of Chlorella sorokiniana Lipids
by Georgia Papapanagiotou, Aggelos Charisis, Christina Samara, Eleni P. Kalogianni and Christos Chatzidoukas
Processes 2024, 12(12), 2770; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr12122770 - 5 Dec 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1099
Abstract
Microalgae are a promising alternative source of PUFAs, with Chlorella being one of the few microalgae widely available in the nutraceuticals market authorized for human consumption. This study explores the fatty acid (FA) profiles of nine C. sorokiniana biomass feedstocks produced under different [...] Read more.
Microalgae are a promising alternative source of PUFAs, with Chlorella being one of the few microalgae widely available in the nutraceuticals market authorized for human consumption. This study explores the fatty acid (FA) profiles of nine C. sorokiniana biomass feedstocks produced under different combinations of light intensity and nitrogen and inorganic carbon loadings, derived via a Taguchi L9 (33−1) orthogonal array design. Additionally, the nutritional and medical value of Chlorella lipids using several nutritional indices is assessed. PUFAs were maximized under low light intensity and high nitrogen loading; however, these conditions favored the overaccumulation of omega-6 FAs. For omega-3 FA maximization, high light intensity must be applied, suggesting that high illumination induces the desaturation of linoleic acid to alpha-linolenic acid (ALA) in C. sorokiniana cells. Additionally, nitrogen-depleted conditions significantly downgraded its quality due to the overaccumulation of saturated FAs. Despite lacking EPA and DHA, C. sorokiniana lipids are an excellent source of ALA, surpassing concentrations met in plant-based oils. Thus, Chlorella lipids can be included in humans’ diet, satisfying daily ALA requirements; however, accurately labeling the FA profile of Chlorella products, prior to any nutritional claims, is indispensable, considering the sizeable variations in their profile under the impact of cultivation conditions. Full article
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16 pages, 1418 KiB  
Article
Upcycling Milk Industry Byproducts into Tenebrio molitor Larvae: Investigation on Fat, Protein, and Sugar Composition
by Annalaura Brai, Cassia Neri, Franca Tarchi, Federica Poggialini, Chiara Vagaggini, Riccardo Frosinini, Sauro Simoni, Valeria Francardi and Elena Dreassi
Foods 2024, 13(21), 3450; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13213450 - 29 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1800
Abstract
Edible insects represent a growing sector of the food industry and have a low carbon footprint. Noteworthy, insects can upcycle different leftovers and byproducts into high-quality nutrients. Herein, the larvae of the edible insect Tenebrio molitor (TML) were fed using local milk industry [...] Read more.
Edible insects represent a growing sector of the food industry and have a low carbon footprint. Noteworthy, insects can upcycle different leftovers and byproducts into high-quality nutrients. Herein, the larvae of the edible insect Tenebrio molitor (TML) were fed using local milk industry byproducts. Mozzarella whey and whey permeate obtained in cheese production were used to formulate three alternative diets. Both byproducts are rich in sugars, in particular the disaccharide lactose and the monosaccharides glucose and galactose. Two of the three diets did not interfere with biometric data and vitality, while the use of whey permeate alone significantly reduced development. At the end of the trial, the proximate composition of TML was strongly affected, with an increased protein content of up to +7% and a favorable fat composition. The analysis of secondary metabolites revealed the accumulation of different compounds, in particular monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs), amino acids, and the disaccharide trehalose, essential for the correct larval development and pupation. In conclusion, the present study demonstrates that milk industry byproducts can be upcycled as feed for TML, maintaining an optimal nutrient composition and favorably increasing the protein content. Full article
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16 pages, 31480 KiB  
Article
Decompensated MASH-Cirrhosis Model by Acute and Toxic Effects of Phenobarbital
by Nico Kraus, Frank Erhard Uschner, Magnus Moeslein, Robert Schierwagen, Wenyi Gu, Maximilian Joseph Brol, Eike Fürst, Inga Grünewald, Sophie Lotersztajn, Pierre-Emmanuel Rautou, Marta Duran-Güell, Roger Flores Costa, Joan Clària, Jonel Trebicka and Sabine Klein
Cells 2024, 13(20), 1707; https://doi.org/10.3390/cells13201707 - 16 Oct 2024
Viewed by 2485
Abstract
Metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), is a prominent cause for liver cirrhosis. MASH-cirrhosis is responsible for liver complications and there is no specific treatment. To develop new therapeutic approaches, animal models are needed. The aim of this study was to develop a fast animal [...] Read more.
Metabolic dysfunction-associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), is a prominent cause for liver cirrhosis. MASH-cirrhosis is responsible for liver complications and there is no specific treatment. To develop new therapeutic approaches, animal models are needed. The aim of this study was to develop a fast animal model of MASH-cirrhosis in rats reflecting the human disease. Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) injections in combination with a high-fat Western diet (WD) were used to induce MASH-cirrhosis. To accelerate liver injury, animals received phenobarbital (PB) in their drinking water using two different regimens. Rats developed advanced MASH-cirrhosis characterized by portal hypertension, blood biochemistry, hepatic ballooning, steatosis, inflammation and fibrosis. Importantly, rats receiving low-dose PB for the long term (LT) showed ascites after 6 weeks, whereas rats with high-dose short-term (ST) PB developed ascites after 8 weeks. ST- and LT-treated rats showed increased portal pressure (PP) and decreased mean arterial pressure (MAP). Of note, hepatocyte ballooning was only observed in the LT group. The LT administration of low-dose PB with CCl4 intoxication and WD represents a fast and reproducible rat model mimicking decompensated MASH-cirrhosis in humans. Thus, CCl4 + WD with LT low-dose phenobarbital treatment might be the preferred rat animal model for drug development in MASH-cirrhosis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Animal Models of Human Disease 2.0)
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18 pages, 4739 KiB  
Article
High-Fat Feeding Alters Circulating Triglyceride Composition: Roles of FFA Desaturation and ω-3 Fatty Acid Availability
by Tong Shen, Youngtaek Oh, Shinwu Jeong, Suengmok Cho, Oliver Fiehn and Jang H. Youn
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2024, 25(16), 8810; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms25168810 - 13 Aug 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1853
Abstract
Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plasma triglycerides (TGs) are a key factor for assessing the risk of diabetes or CVD. However, previous lipidomics studies have demonstrated that not all TG molecules behave the same way. [...] Read more.
Hypertriglyceridemia is a risk factor for type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Plasma triglycerides (TGs) are a key factor for assessing the risk of diabetes or CVD. However, previous lipidomics studies have demonstrated that not all TG molecules behave the same way. Individual TGs with different fatty acid compositions are regulated differentially under various conditions. In addition, distinct groups of TGs were identified to be associated with increased diabetes risk (TGs with lower carbon number [C#] and double-bond number [DB#]), or with decreased risk (TGs with higher C# and DB#). In this study, we examined the effects of high-fat feeding in rats on plasma lipid profiles with special attention to TG profiles. Wistar rats were maintained on either a low-fat (control) or high-fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks. Plasma samples were obtained before and 2.5 h after a meal (n = 10 each) and subjected to lipidomics analyses. High-fat feeding significantly impacted circulating lipid profiles, with the most significant effects observed on TG profile. The effects of an HFD on individual TG species depended on DB# in their fatty acid chains; an HFD increased TGs with low DB#, associated with increased diabetes risk, but decreased TGs with high DB#, associated with decreased risk. These changes in TGs with an HFD were associated with decreased indices of hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD) activity, assessed from hepatic fatty acid profiles. Decreased SCD activity would reduce the conversion of saturated to monounsaturated fatty acids, contributing to the increases in saturated TGs or TGs with low DB#. In addition, an HFD selectively depleted ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), contributing to the decreases in TGs with high DB#. Thus, an HFD had profound impacts on circulating TG profiles. Some of these changes were at least partly explained by decreased hepatic SCD activity and depleted ω-3 PUFA. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Nutrition and Lipid Metabolism)
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16 pages, 1073 KiB  
Article
Evaluation and Development of Analytical Procedures to Assess Buffering Capacity of Carbonate Ruminant Feed Buffers
by Patrick Quille, Tommy Higgins, Enda W. Neville, Katy Regan and Shane O’Connell
Animals 2024, 14(16), 2333; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani14162333 - 13 Aug 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1977
Abstract
The inclusion of rumen buffers in ruminant feeds has gained widespread adoption for the prevention of rumen acidosis, thereby avoiding the negative production and health consequences of low rumen pH and resulting in improved feed efficiency. Benchmarking and quality controlling the performance of [...] Read more.
The inclusion of rumen buffers in ruminant feeds has gained widespread adoption for the prevention of rumen acidosis, thereby avoiding the negative production and health consequences of low rumen pH and resulting in improved feed efficiency. Benchmarking and quality controlling the performance of rumen buffer materials is of significant interest to feed mills and end-user producers. The aim of this study was to evaluate, develop and optimise a laboratory protocol to consistently and robustly evaluate rumen buffering materials in order to predict their in vivo efficacy. Three different methods were evaluated for determining the buffering potential of carbonate buffer materials: (a) 2 and 8 h static pH, (b) 8 h fixed HCl acid load addition and (c) 3 h acidotic diet simulation using acetic acid. Buffer material, threshold pH, test duration and interactions between all three variables were significant (p < 0.001) in evaluating the performance of the buffer materials. The acidotic diet simulation was found to provide a different ranking of materials to the 8 h fixed HCl acid load methodology. The results highlight the importance of method selection and test parameters for accurately evaluating the potential efficacy of rumen buffer materials. Full article
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20 pages, 568 KiB  
Article
Low Carbon Sustainable Diet Choices—An Analysis of the Driving Factors behind Plant-Based Egg Purchasing Behavior
by Ping Li, I-Kai Lin and Han-Shen Chen
Nutrients 2024, 16(16), 2604; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16162604 - 7 Aug 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2594
Abstract
In the face of escalating climate change, environmental pollution, and global crises, plant-based eggs are a viable solution for environmental conservation and health promotion. This study uses an integrated framework combining value-belief-norm (VBN) theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore [...] Read more.
In the face of escalating climate change, environmental pollution, and global crises, plant-based eggs are a viable solution for environmental conservation and health promotion. This study uses an integrated framework combining value-belief-norm (VBN) theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) to explore the factors influencing Taiwanese consumers’ inclination towards plant-based eggs. Through convenience sampling, 417 questionnaires were issued and 387 valid responses were received, indicating a 92.8% valid response rate. The analysis indicates that consumers’ biospheric and altruistic values significantly enhance their awareness of outcomes, which, coupled with their sense of responsibility, strengthens personal norms. From the TPB perspective, perceived behavioral control is identified as a critical driver of the intention to purchase plant-based eggs, with attitudes and subjective norms playing significant roles. Subjective norms positively impact personal norms, thereby influencing consumers’ behavioral intentions. The findings confirm the integrated model’s theoretical and practical validity, and offer valuable insights for businesses. By developing adept marketing strategies that consider market dynamics, this study enhances the effectiveness and value of marketing efforts by boosting consumers’ engagement with plant-based eggs. These insights contribute to advancing environmental sustainability goals. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Nutrition and Public Health)
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14 pages, 914 KiB  
Article
Folate and Vitamin B12 Levels in Chilean Women with PCOS and Their Association with Metabolic Outcomes
by Matías Carrasco-Cabezas, Taís Silveira Assmann, Paz Martínez, Leslie Cerpa, Susan Calfunao, Bárbara Echiburú, Manuel Maliqueo, Nicolás Crisosto and Francisca Salas-Pérez
Nutrients 2024, 16(12), 1937; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16121937 - 19 Jun 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3338
Abstract
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Many women with PCOS have been found to have an unbalanced diet and deficiencies in essential nutrients. This study aimed to assess the levels of folate and vitamin [...] Read more.
Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder that affects women of reproductive age. Many women with PCOS have been found to have an unbalanced diet and deficiencies in essential nutrients. This study aimed to assess the levels of folate and vitamin B12 (B12) and their relationship with metabolic factors in women with PCOS. Anthropometric, clinical, and genetic analyses were conducted to evaluate markers related to one-carbon metabolism in women with PCOS and in a control group. The PCOS group had a higher BMI and HOMA-IR (1.7 vs. 3.1; p < 0.0001). HDL cholesterol levels were 23% lower and triglyceride levels were 74% higher in women with PCOS. Although there were no significant differences in folate and B12 levels between the PCOS and control groups, over 60% of women with PCOS had low B12 levels (<300 pg/mL) and high homocysteine levels. In addition, the MTHFR A1298C and C677T polymorphisms were not associated with PCOS. Moreover, erythrocyte folate levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose, triglycerides, and free androgen index, and negatively correlated with SHBG and LH levels. These results suggest that B vitamins may be associated with the metabolic phenotype in PCOS. This study emphasizes the potential link between folate, vitamin B12, and metabolic and hormonal outcomes in women with PCOS. Full article
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