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27 pages, 3179 KiB

Open AccessEditor’s ChoiceReview

An Overview of Diagnosis Methods of Stator Winding Inter-Turn Short Faults in Permanent-Magnet Synchronous Motors for Electric Vehicles

by Yutao Jiang, Baojian Ji, Jin Zhang, Jianhu Yan and Wenlong Li

World Electr. Veh. J. 2024, 15(4), 165; https://doi.org/10.3390/wevj15040165 - 15 Apr 2024

Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3954

Abstract

This article provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art techniques for detecting and diagnosing stator winding inter-turn short faults (ITSFs) in permanent-magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) for electric vehicles (EVs). The review focuses on the following three main categories of diagnostic approaches: motor model-based, signal processing-based, and artificial intelligence (AI)-based fault detection and diagnosis methods. Motor model-based methods utilize motor state estimation and motor parameter estimation as the primary strategies for ITSF diagnosis. Signal processing-based techniques extract fault signatures from motor measured data across time, frequency, or time-frequency domains. In contrast, AI-based methods automatically extract higher-order fault signatures from large volumes of preprocessed data, thereby enhancing the effectiveness of fault diagnosis. The strengths and limitations of each approach are thoroughly examined, providing valuable insights into the advancements in ITSF detection and diagnosis techniques for PMSMs in EV applications. The emphasis is placed on the application of signal processing methods and deep learning techniques in the diagnosis of ITSF in PMSMs in EV applications. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Vehicle Control and Drive Systems for Electric Vehicles)

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16 pages, 1241 KiB

Open AccessArticle

Interturn Short Fault Diagnosis Using Magnitude and Phase of Currents in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines

by Hyeyun Jeong, Hojin Lee, Seongyun Kim and Sang Woo Kim

Sensors 2022, 22(12), 4597; https://doi.org/10.3390/s22124597 - 17 Jun 2022

Cited by 3 | Viewed by 2076

Abstract

With the increased demand for permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSMs) in various industrial fields, interturn short fault (ITSF) diagnosis of PMSMs is under the limelight. In particular, to prevent accidents caused by PMSM malfunctions, it is difficult and greatly necessary to diagnose slight ITSF, which is a stage before the ITSF becomes severe. In this paper, we propose a novel fault indicator based on the magnitude and phase of the current. The proposed fault indicator was developed using analysis of positive-sequence current (PSC) and negative-sequence current (NSC), which means the degree of the asymmetry of the three-phase currents by ITSF. According to the analysis, as ITSF increases, the phase difference between PSC and NSC decreases and the magnitude of NSC increases. Therefore, the novel fault indicator is suggested as a product of the cosine value of the phase indicator and the magnitude indicator. The magnitude indicator is the magnitude of NSC, and the phase indicator means the phase difference between the PSC and the NSC. The suggested fault indicator diagnoses the degree of ITSF as well as slight ITSFs under various conditions by only measured three-phase currents. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed method under various torque and speeds. Full article

(This article belongs to the Section Fault Diagnosis & Sensors)

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27 pages, 3412 KiB

Open AccessReview

A Comprehensive Review of Winding Short Circuit Fault and Irreversible Demagnetization Fault Detection in PM Type Machines

by Zia Ullah and Jin Hur

Energies 2018, 11(12), 3309; https://doi.org/10.3390/en11123309 - 27 Nov 2018

Cited by 64 | Viewed by 7757

Abstract

Contemporary research has shown impetus in the diagnostics of permanent magnet (PM) type machines. The manufacturers are now more interested in building diagnostics features in the control algorithms of machines to make them more salable and reliable. A compact structure, exclusive high-power density, high torque density, and efficiency make the PM machine an attractive option to use in industrial applications. The impact of a harsh operational environment most often leads to faults in PM machines. The diagnosis and nipping of such faults at an early stage have appeared as the prime concern of manufacturers and end users. This paper reviews the recent advances in fault diagnosis techniques of the two most frequently occurring faults, namely inter-turn short fault (ITSF) and irreversible demagnetization fault (IDF). ITSF is associated with a short circuit in stator winding turns in the same phase of the machine, while IDF is associated with the weakening strength of the PM in the rotor. A detailed literature review of different categories of fault indexes and their strengths and weaknesses is presented. The research trends in the fault diagnosis and the shortcomings of available literature are discussed. Moreover, potential research directions and techniques applicable for possible solutions are also extensively suggested. Full article

(This article belongs to the Special Issue Analysis for Electrical Machines Monitoring)

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