Search Results (16)

Rigged Hilbert spaces (RHSs) are the right mathematical context that include many tools used in quantum physics, or even in some chaotic classical systems. It is particularly interesting that in RHS, discrete and continuous bases, as well as an abstract basis and the basis of special functions and representations of Lie algebras of symmetries are used by continuous operators. This is not possible in Hilbert spaces. In the present paper, we study a model showing all these features, based on the one-dimensional Pöschl–Teller Hamiltonian. Also, RHS supports representations of all kinds of ladder operators as continuous mappings. We give an interesting example based on one-dimensional Hamiltonians with an infinite chain of SUSY partners, in which the factorization of Hamiltonians by continuous operators on RHS plays a crucial role. Full article

This article explores matter collineations (MCs) of static plane-symmetric spacetimes, considering the stress–energy tensor in its contravariant and mixed forms. We solve the MC equations in two cases: when the energy–momentum tensor is nondegenerate and degenerate. For the case of a degenerate energy–momentum tensor, we employ a direct integration technique to solve the MC equations, which leads to an infinite-dimensional Lie algebra. On the other hand, when considering the nondegenerate energy–momentum tensor, the contravariant form results in a finite-dimensional Lie algebra with dimensions of either 4 or 10. However, in the case of the mixed form of the energy–momentum tensor, the dimension of the Lie algebra is infinite. Moreover, the obtained MCs are compared with those already found for covariant stress–energy. Full article

The centroid of Lie algebra is a basic concept and a necessary tool for studying the structure of Lie algebraic structure. The extended Heisenberg algebra is an important class of solvable Lie algebras. In any Lie algebra, the anti symmetry of Lie operations is an important property of Lie algebra. This article investigates the centroids and structures of $2n+2$ dimensional extended Heisenberg algebras, where all invertible elements form a group and all elements form a ring. Then, its main research results are extended to infinite dimensional extended Heisenberg algebras. Full article

We characterize the dimension of Lie algebras of white noise operators containing the quantum white noise derivatives of the conservation operator. We establish isomorphisms to filiform Lie algebras, Engel-type algebras, and solvable Lie algebras with Heisenberg nilradical and Abelian nilradical. A new class of solvable Lie algebras is proposed, those having an Engel-type algebra as nilradical. This arises in white noise analysis as a $2n+3$-dimensional Lie algebra containing the identity operator, annihilation operators, creation operators (Heisenberg algebra), number operator, and Gross Laplacian. Full article

This review is devoted to the universal algebraic and geometric properties of the non-relativistic quantum current algebra symmetry and to their representations subject to applications in describing geometrical and analytical properties of quantum and classical integrable Hamiltonian systems of theoretical and mathematical physics. The Fock space, the non-relativistic quantum current algebra symmetry and its cyclic representations on separable Hilbert spaces are reviewed and described in detail. The unitary current algebra family of operators and generating functional equations are described. A generating functional method to constructing irreducible current algebra representations is reviewed, and the ergodicity of the corresponding representation Hilbert space measure is mentioned. The algebraic properties of the so called coherent states are also reviewed, generated by cyclic representations of the Heisenberg algebra on Hilbert spaces. Unbelievable and impressive applications of coherent states to the theory of nonlinear dynamical systems on Hilbert spaces are described, along with their linearization and integrability. Moreover, we present a further development of these results within the modern Lie-algebraic approach to nonlinear dynamical systems on Poissonian functional manifolds, which proved to be both unexpected and important for the classification of integrable Hamiltonian flows on Hilbert spaces. The quantum current Lie algebra symmetry properties and their functional representations, interpreted as a universal algebraic structure of symmetries of completely integrable nonlinear dynamical systems of theoretical and mathematical physics on functional manifolds, are analyzed in detail. Based on the current algebra symmetry structure and their functional representations, an effective integrability criterion is formulated for a wide class of completely integrable Hamiltonian systems on functional manifolds. The related algebraic structure of the Poissonian operators and an effective algorithm of their analytical construction are described. The current algebra representations in separable Hilbert spaces and the factorized structure of quantum integrable many-particle Hamiltonian systems are reviewed. The related current algebra-based Hamiltonian reconstruction of the many-particle oscillatory and Calogero–Moser–Sutherland quantum models are reviewed and discussed in detail. The related quasi-classical quantum current algebra density representations and the collective variable approach in equilibrium statistical physics are reviewed. In addition, the classical Wigner type current algebra representation and its application to non-equilibrium classical statistical mechanics are described, and the construction of the Lie–Poisson structure on the phase space of the infinite hierarchy of distribution functions is presented. The related Boltzmann–Bogolubov type kinetic equation for the generating functional of many-particle distribution functions is constructed, and the invariant reduction scheme, compatible with imposed correlation functions constraints, is suggested and analyzed in detail. We also review current algebra functional representations and their geometric structure subject to the analytical description of quasi-stationary hydrodynamic flows and their magneto-hydrodynamic generalizations. A unified geometric description of the ideal idiabatic liquid dynamics is presented, and its Hamiltonian structure is analyzed. A special chapter of the review is devoted to recent results on the description of modified current Lie algebra symmetries on torus and their Lie-algebraic structures, related to integrable so-called heavenly type spatially many-dimensional dynamical systems on functional manifolds. Full article

In this paper, exact solutions with a linear velocity field are sought for the gas dynamics equations in the case of the special state equation and the state equation of a monatomic gas. These state equations extend the transformation group admitted by the system to 12 and 14 parameters, respectively. Invariant submodels of rank one are constructed from two three-dimensional subalgebras of the corresponding Lie algebras, and exact solutions with a linear velocity field with inhomogeneous deformation are obtained. On the one hand of the special state equation, the submodel describes an isochoric vortex motion of particles, isobaric along each world line and restricted by a moving plane. The motions of particles occur along parabolas and along rays in parallel planes. The spherical volume of particles turns into an ellipsoid at finite moments of time, and as time tends to infinity, the particles end up on an infinite strip of finite width. On the other hand of the state equation of a monatomic gas, the submodel describes vortex compaction to the origin and the subsequent expansion of gas particles in half-spaces. The motion of any allocated volume of gas retains a spherical shape. It is shown that for any positive moment of time, it is possible to choose the radius of a spherical volume such that the characteristic conoid beginning from its center never reaches particles outside this volume. As a result of the generalization of the solutions with a linear velocity field, exact solutions of a wider class are obtained without conditions of invariance of density and pressure with respect to the selected three-dimensional subalgebras. Full article

In our investigation on quantum gravity, we introduce an infinite dimensional complex Lie algebra ${\mathfrak{g}}_{\mathsf{u}}$ that extends ${\mathbf{e}}_{\mathbf{9}}$. It is defined through a symmetric Cartan matrix of a rank 12 Borcherds algebra. We turn ${\mathfrak{g}}_{\mathsf{u}}$ into a Lie superalgebra ${\mathfrak{sg}}_{\mathsf{u}}$ with no superpartners, in order to comply with the Pauli exclusion principle. There is a natural action of the Poincaré group on ${\mathfrak{sg}}_{\mathsf{u}}$, which is an automorphism in the massive sector. We introduce a mechanism for scattering that includes decays as particular resonant scattering. Finally, we complete the model by merging the local ${\mathfrak{sg}}_{\mathsf{u}}$ into a vertex-type algebra. Full article

A class of spatially one-dimensional completely integrable Chaplygin hydrodynamic systems was studied within framework of Lie-algebraic approach. The Chaplygin hydrodynamic systems were considered as differential systems on the torus. It has been shown that the geometric structure of the systems under analysis has strong relationship with diffeomorphism group orbits on them. It has allowed to find a new infinite hierarchy of integrable Chaplygin like hydrodynamic systems. Full article

We show that Lie groups and their respective algebras, special functions and rigged Hilbert spaces are complementary concepts that coexist together in a common framework and that they are aspects of the same mathematical reality. Special functions serve as bases for infinite dimensional Hilbert spaces supporting linear unitary irreducible representations of a given Lie group. These representations are explicitly given by operators on the Hilbert space $\mathcal{H}$ and the generators of the Lie algebra are represented by unbounded self-adjoint operators. The action of these operators on elements of continuous bases is often considered. These continuous bases do not make sense as vectors in the Hilbert space; instead, they are functionals on the dual space, ${\mathsf{\Phi }}^{\times }$ , of a rigged Hilbert space, $\mathsf{\Phi }\subset \mathcal{H}\subset {\mathsf{\Phi }}^{\times }$ . In fact, rigged Hilbert spaces are the structures in which both, discrete orthonormal and continuous bases may coexist. We define the space of test vectors $\mathsf{\Phi }$ and a topology on it at our convenience, depending on the studied group. The generators of the Lie algebra can often be continuous operators on $\mathsf{\Phi }$ with its own topology, so that they admit continuous extensions to the dual ${\mathsf{\Phi }}^{\times }$ and, therefore, act on the elements of the continuous basis. We investigate this formalism for various examples of interest in quantum mechanics. In particular, we consider $SO\left(2\right)$ and functions on the unit circle, $SU\left(2\right)$ and associated Laguerre functions, Weyl–Heisenberg group and Hermite functions, $SO(3,2)$ and spherical harmonics, $su(1,1)$ and Laguerre functions, $su(2,2)$ and algebraic Jacobi functions and, finally, $su(1,1)\oplus su(1,1)$ and Zernike functions on a circle. Full article

A matrix spectral problem is researched with an arbitrary parameter. Through zero curvature equations, two hierarchies are constructed of isospectral and nonisospectral generalized derivative nonlinear schrödinger equations. The resulting hierarchies include the Kaup-Newell equation, the Chen-Lee-Liu equation, the Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation, the modified Korteweg-de Vries equation, the Sharma-Tasso-Olever equation and a new equation as special reductions. The integro-differential operator related to the isospectral and nonisospectral hierarchies is shown to be not only a hereditary but also a strong symmetry of the whole isospectral hierarchy. For the isospectral hierarchy, the corresponding $\tau$ -symmetries are generated from the nonisospectral hierarchy and form an infinite-dimensional symmetry algebra with the K-symmetries. Full article

In non-relativistic quantum mechanics, the dynamics of closed quantum systems is described by Hamiltonians which are self-adjoint in appropriately chosen Hilbert spaces. For PT-symmetric quantum systems, the Hamiltonians are, in general, no longer self-adjoint in standard Hilbert spaces, rather they are self-adjoint in Krein spaces—Hilbert spaces endowed with indefinite metric structures. Moreover, the spectra of PT-symmetric Hamiltonians are symmetric with regard to the real axis in the spectral plane. Apart from Hamiltonians with purely real spectra, this includes also Hamiltonians whose spectra may contain sectors of pairwise complex-conjugate eigenvalues. Considering families of parameter-dependent Hamiltonians, one can arrange parameter-induced passages from sectors of purely real spectra to sectors of complex-conjugate spectral branches. Corresponding passages can be regarded as PT-phase transitions from sectors of exact PT-symmetry to sectors of spontaneously broken PT-symmetry. Approaching a PT-phase transition point, the eigenvectors of the Hamiltonian tend toward their isotropic limit—an, in general, infinite-dimensional (Krein-space) generalization of the light-cone limit in Minkowski space. At a phase transition, the Hamiltonian is no longer diagonalizable, but similar to an arrangement of nontrivial Jordan-blocks. The interplay of these structures is briefly reviewed with special emphasis on the related Lie-algebraic and Lie-group aspects. With the help of Cartan-decompositions, associated hyperbolic structures and Lie-triple-systems are discussed for finite-dimensional setups as well as for their infinite-dimensional generalizations (Hilbert-Schmidt (HS) Lie groups, HS Lie algebras, HS Grassmannians). The interconnection of Krein-space structures and PT-phase transitions is demonstrated on two exactly solvable models: PT-symmetric Bose-Hubbard models and PT-symmetric plaquette arrangements. Full article

A simplified Keller–Segel model is studied by means of Lie symmetry based approaches. It is shown that a (1 + 2)-dimensional Keller–Segel type system, together with the correctly-specified boundary and/or initial conditions, is invariant with respect to infinite-dimensional Lie algebras. A Lie symmetry classification of the Cauchy problem depending on the initial profile form is presented. The Lie symmetries obtained are used for reduction of the Cauchy problem to that of (1 + 1)-dimensional. Exact solutions of some (1 + 1)-dimensional problems are constructed. In particular, we have proved that the Cauchy problem for the (1 + 1)-dimensional simplified Keller–Segel system can be linearized and solved in an explicit form. Moreover, additional biologically motivated restrictions were established in order to obtain a unique solution. The Lie symmetry classification of the (1 + 2)-dimensional Neumann problem for the simplified Keller–Segel system is derived. Because Lie symmetry of boundary-value problems depends essentially on geometry of the domain, which the problem is formulated for, all realistic (from applicability point of view) domains were examined. Reduction of the the Neumann problem on a strip is derived using the symmetries obtained. As a result, an exact solution of a nonlinear two-dimensional Neumann problem on a finite interval was found. Full article

We study densely defined unbounded operators acting between different Hilbert spaces. For these, we introduce a notion of symmetric (closable) pairs of operators. The purpose of our paper is to give applications to selected themes at the cross road of operator commutation relations and stochastic calculus. We study a family of representations of the canonical commutation relations (CCR)-algebra (an infinite number of degrees of freedom), which we call admissible. The family of admissible representations includes the Fock-vacuum representation. We show that, to every admissible representation, there is an associated Gaussian stochastic calculus, and we point out that the case of the Fock-vacuum CCR-representation in a natural way yields the operators of Malliavin calculus. We thus get the operators of Malliavin’s calculus of variation from a more algebraic approach than is common. We further obtain explicit and natural formulas, and rules, for the operators of stochastic calculus. Our approach makes use of a notion of symmetric (closable) pairs of operators. The Fock-vacuum representation yields a maximal symmetric pair. This duality viewpoint has the further advantage that issues with unbounded operators and dense domains can be resolved much easier than what is possible with alternative tools. With the use of CCR representation theory, we also obtain, as a byproduct, a number of new results in multi-variable operator theory which we feel are of independent interest. Full article

Let \(\mathbf{H}\) be the quaternion algebra. Let \(\mathfrak{g}\) be a complex Lie algebra and let \(U(\mathfrak{g})\) be the enveloping algebra of \(\mathfrak{g}\). The quaternification \(\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}}=\)\(\,(\,\mathbf{H}\otimes U(\mathfrak{g}),\,[\quad,\quad]_{\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}}}\,)\) of \(\mathfrak{g}\) is defined by the bracket \( \big[\,\mathbf{z}\otimes X\,,\,\mathbf{w}\otimes Y\,\big]_{\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}}}\,=\)\(\,(\mathbf{z}\cdot \mathbf{w})\otimes\,(XY)\,- \)\(\, (\mathbf{w}\cdot\mathbf{z})\otimes (YX)\,,\nonumber \) for \(\mathbf{z},\,\mathbf{w}\in \mathbf{H}\) and {the basis vectors \(X\) and \(Y\) of \(U(\mathfrak{g})\).} Let \(S^3\mathbf{H}\) be the ( non-commutative) algebra of \(\mathbf{H}\)-valued smooth mappings over \(S^3\) and let \(S^3\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}}=S^3\mathbf{H}\otimes U(\mathfrak{g})\). The Lie algebra structure on \(S^3\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}}\) is induced naturally from that of \(\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}}\). We introduce a 2-cocycle on \(S^3\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}}\) by the aid of a tangential vector field on \(S^3\subset \mathbf{C}^2\) and have the corresponding central extension \(S^3\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}} \oplus(\mathbf{C}a)\). As a subalgebra of \(S^3\mathbf{H}\) we have the algebra of Laurent polynomial spinors \(\mathbf{C}[\phi^{\pm}]\) spanned by a complete orthogonal system of eigen spinors \(\{\phi^{\pm(m,l,k)}\}_{m,l,k}\) of the tangential Dirac operator on \(S^3\). Then \(\mathbf{C}[\phi^{\pm}]\otimes U(\mathfrak{g})\) is a Lie subalgebra of \(S^3\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}}\). We have the central extension \(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}(a)= (\,\mathbf{C}[\phi^{\pm}] \otimes U(\mathfrak{g}) \,) \oplus(\mathbf{C}a)\) as a Lie-subalgebra of \(S^3\mathfrak{g}^{\mathbf{H}} \oplus(\mathbf{C}a)\). Finally we have a Lie algebra \(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}\) which is obtained by adding to \(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}(a)\) a derivation \(d\) which acts on \(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}(a)\) by the Euler vector field \(d_0\). That is the \(\mathbf{C}\)-vector space \(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}=\left(\mathbf{C}[\phi^{\pm}]\otimes U(\mathfrak{g})\right)\oplus(\mathbf{C}a)\oplus (\mathbf{C}d)\) endowed with the bracket \( \bigl[\,\phi_1\otimes X_1+ \lambda_1 a + \mu_1d\,,\phi_2\otimes X_2 + \lambda_2 a + \mu_2d\,\,\bigr]_{\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}} \, =\)\( (\phi_1\phi_2)\otimes (X_1\,X_2) \, -\,(\phi_2\phi_1)\otimes (X_2X_1)+\mu_1d_0\phi_2\otimes X_2- \) \(\mu_2d_0\phi_1\otimes X_1 + \) \( (X_1\vert X_2)c(\phi_1,\phi_2)a\,. \) When \(\mathfrak{g}\) is a simple Lie algebra with its Cartan subalgebra \(\mathfrak{h}\) we shall investigate the weight space decomposition of \(\widehat{\mathfrak{g}}\) with respect to the subalgebra \(\widehat{\mathfrak{h}}= (\phi^{+(0,0,1)}\otimes \mathfrak{h} )\oplus(\mathbf{C}a) \oplus(\mathbf{C}d)\). Full article

This research is a natural continuation of the recent paper “Exact solutions of the simplified Keller–Segel model” (Commun Nonlinear Sci Numer Simulat 2013, 18, 2960–2971). It is shown that a (1+2)-dimensional Keller–Segel type system is invariant with respect infinite-dimensional Lie algebra. All possible maximal algebras of invariance of the Neumann boundary value problems based on the Keller–Segel system in question were found. Lie symmetry operators are used for constructing exact solutions of some boundary value problems. Moreover, it is proved that the boundary value problem for the (1+1)-dimensional Keller–Segel system with specific boundary conditions can be linearized and solved in an explicit form. Full article