Search Results (889)

Green trade is increasingly central to reconciling trade growth with climate goals and to driving industrial upgrading in major trading economies. The essential of green trade promotion depends not only on trade scale but also on the technological sophistication and trade diversification of green products. Environmental regulation is a primary policy instrument guiding firms toward greener production and trade. This study investigates whether strengthening environmental regulation can promote green trade from the perspectives of scale, technological structure, and diversification. To this end, we first construct a comprehensive green product list and then calculate firm-level and provincial-level green trade indicators using detailed product-level customs transaction data from 2000 to 2020. These trade indicators are further matched with enterprise operating and financial data to build an integrated panel dataset, upon which fixed-effects regression models are employed to quantify the effects of environmental regulation on green trade. Our empirical results show that enhanced environmental regulation can promote the expansion of green export scale, with the effects amplifying as product technology levels advance. Regarding diversification, the promoting effect of environmental regulation on green imports surpasses that on exports. Furthermore, this study highlights that the combined effect of various types of environmental regulations can better promote the comprehensive development of green trade. Strengthened environmental regulation can enlarge the green export scale of private-owned, foreign-invested, and small-scale enterprises. These findings provide policy implications for combining differentiated environmental regulations with green trade incentives to promote green trade development. Full article

This study develops an Industry 5.0- and IoT-enabled roadmap for green transformation in manufacturing, with a particular focus on Turkish industry. The study combines a structured literature review, bibliometric keyword mapping based on Web of Science records, and interview-informed framework refinement drawing on the sustainability departments of five large-scale manufacturing firms operating in Türkiye. Rather than treating green transformation as a single initiative, the roadmap organizes it into five interrelated modules: emission reduction, clean and reliable energy, circular-economy mobilization, energy- and resource-efficient construction and renovation, and zero-pollution waste management. The main contribution is a five-level qualitative maturity model that shows how firms can move from compliance- and governance-based foundations to integrated, data-driven, and predictive sustainability practices. The framework clarifies which factors are foundational, enabling, or advanced at each level and is intended to be used as a practitioner checklist and strategic assessment tool rather than as a fixed quantitative scoring model. The interview insights were used to refine the sequencing of actions, identify implementation bottlenecks, and adapt the framework to the realities of Turkish manufacturing. By linking human-centric Industry 5.0 principles with operational sustainability priorities, this study offers both conceptual novelty and practical guidance for firms and policymakers seeking to align industrial upgrading with long-term environmental competitiveness. Full article

This study employs panel data for 275 Chinese cities from 2011 to 2021. Water use efficiency is measured as an aggregate city-level indicator via stochastic frontier analysis, while the level of digital economy development is quantified using principal component analysis. We then employ the system generalized method of moments to investigate the causal relationship between the digital economy and urban water use efficiency, and further identify industrial structure upgrading as the mediating role through which the digital economy affects water efficiency. The main findings are as follows: (1) The digital economy has a significant positive impact on urban water use efficiency. (2) Regional heterogeneity analysis shows that the digital economy presents a stronger positive effect on water use efficiency in eastern regions than in central and western regions. (3) Exploratory mechanism analysis indicates that industrial structure upgrading serves as the mediating role through which the digital economy improves urban water use efficiency. Based on the empirical findings, this paper draws targeted policy implications. Full article

Whether industrial artificial intelligence (industrial AI) contributes to environmental sustainability remains an open empirical and theoretical question. While digital and intelligent technologies are widely promoted as drivers of green transformation, their net impact on carbon emissions is ambiguous due to potentially offsetting efficiency gains and rebound effects. This study examines how industrial AI influences urban carbon emissions using panel data for 260 Chinese cities from 2005 to 2019. We construct a novel city-level industrial AI development index by integrating information on data infrastructure, AI-related talent supply and intelligent manufacturing services using the entropy weight method. Employing two-way fixed-effects models, instrumental-variable estimations, lag structures, and multiple robustness checks, we identify the causal impact of industrial AI on carbon emissions. The results indicate that industrial AI significantly reduces urban carbon emissions. Mechanism analyses suggest that this effect operates primarily through improvements in energy efficiency and green technological innovation, while being partially offset by scale expansion. Furthermore, a higher share of secondary industry mitigates the emission-reducing effect of industrial AI. Heterogeneity analysis further indicates stronger emission-reduction effects in eastern regions, large cities, and areas with higher human capital and stronger environmental regulation. The findings suggest that intelligent industrial upgrading can simultaneously enhance productivity and support climate mitigation, but this effect is highly context-dependent, offering policy insights for achieving sustainable industrial modernization and carbon neutrality in emerging economies. Full article

Anhui Province is a crucial industrial province in China, and its carbon emission reduction work is of overarching importance as a model for the upgrading of traditional industrial industries in other regions of China. The exploratory practice in Anhui Province offers other regions exemplary models and methodologies to emulate, facilitating the transition of conventional sectors in the country towards a low-carbon and environmentally sustainable paradigm. This paper examines the decoupling state of industrial economic growth from resources and the environment by quantifying carbon emissions across 14 major industrial sectors in Anhui Province from 2007 to 2021. The intensity and structure of these emissions are analyzed using the Tapio decoupling model and the LMDI model, which connect resources and the environment. It is concluded that the inhibitory effect of energy structure and energy intensity on industrial carbon emissions is intensifying, while the carbon–economy decoupling index for 14 major industrial sectors is on a downward trend, and the traditional high-energy-consuming industries, particularly iron, steel, and coal, upon which Anhui Province depends, have been decoupled from industrial economic growth due to enhancements in energy structure. This paper ultimately presents a series of specific recommendations for enhancing future carbon emission reduction across a range of diverse industrial sectors. Full article

The dual circulation strategy represents China’s new-era national development paradigm aimed at achieving sustainable economic growth while promoting global value chain (GVC) upgrading. This study develops an integrated analytical framework that combines a production–demand-based theoretical model with firm-level empirical analysis to examine how domestic and international circulation jointly influence value chain upgrading. Using multiple datasets, including the World Input–Output Database (WIOD), the China Industrial Enterprise Database, and the China Customs Database, the study provides empirical evidence on the mechanisms underlying GVC upgrading. The results show that within the domestic circulation framework, firms positioned further upstream in the value chain experience significantly slower upgrading, reflecting structural constraints such as limited domestic circulation depth and weaker feedback effects. The findings further indicate that dual circulation plays a critical role in overcoming these constraints. Improvements in domestic technological capabilities enhance firms’ competitiveness in global markets, facilitating their transition into higher value-added segments of GVCs. Domestic and international circulation thus operate in a mutually reinforcing manner. Overall, the study highlights the importance of strengthening domestic circulation while deepening international engagement to achieve sustainable and coordinated value chain upgrading. Full article

The global energy transition and the implementation of carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) strategies require energy-efficient and scalable CO₂ separation technologies. Mixed-matrix membranes (MMMs), combining polymer matrices with functional inorganic or hybrid nanofillers, have emerged as advanced separation platforms capable of surpassing the conventional permeability–selectivity trade-off observed in neat polymer membranes. This review critically evaluates recent developments in modern hybrid membranes for CO₂ separation from synthetic and industrial gas mixtures, including CO₂/N₂ (flue gas), CO₂/CH₄ (natural gas and biogas upgrading), and syngas systems. Particular emphasis is placed on MMMs incorporating covalent organic frameworks (COFs), metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), graphene oxide (GO), MXenes, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), g-C₃N₄, layered double hydroxides (LDH), zeolites, metal oxides, and magnetic nanoparticles. Reported performance ranges include CO₂ permeability (P_CO2) typically between 100 and 800 Barrer, CO₂/N₂ selectivity up to 319, and CO₂/CH₄ selectivity up to 249, depending on filler chemistry, loading, and interfacial compatibility. The mechanisms governing gas transport—molecular sieving, selective adsorption, facilitated transport, and diffusion-pathway engineering—are systematically discussed. Key challenges addressed include filler dispersion, polymer–filler interfacial defects, physical aging, moisture sensitivity, oxidation (particularly in MXenes), and scalability toward industrial membrane modules. Future perspectives focus on sub-nanometer pore engineering, surface functionalization to enhance CO₂ affinity, controlled alignment of 2D nanosheets to promote directional transport, multifunctional core–shell and hollow structures, and the integration of computational modeling and machine learning for accelerated material design. Modern hybrid MMMs are identified as strategically important materials enabling high-efficiency CO₂ separation processes aligned with decarbonization and energy transition objectives. Full article

China’s Environmental Protection Tax (EPT), introduced in 2018, provides a useful setting for examining whether pollution-oriented regulation can also deliver carbon-mitigation benefits and whether such benefits depend on prior low-carbon policy exposure. Using panel data for 285 Chinese prefecture-level cities from 2002 to 2022, this study first estimates a difference-in-differences model exploiting cross-provincial variation in the post-2018 EPT shock and then applies a triple-difference framework to examine whether prior exposure to the Low-Carbon City (LCC) and Carbon Emissions Trading (CET) pilots was associated with stronger EPT effects. The results show that, on average, the EPT reduced PM2.5 concentration, carbon emissions, and carbon intensity by approximately 3.7%, 9.6%, and 10.8%, respectively, although the evidence is stronger for the two carbon-related outcomes than for PM2.5. The clearest and most stable heterogeneous evidence appears for carbon intensity, especially for the LCC-only group; the Dual group shows the largest point estimate, but its external validity is limited. Further analysis suggests that post-EPT changes in industrial structure upgrading and green invention patent grants were more visible in cities with prior low-carbon policy exposure. Overall, the findings indicate that prior low-carbon policy exposure was associated primarily with a stronger EPT effect on carbon intensity. Full article

As a transformative techno-economic paradigm shift in the digital economy, digital technology innovation (DTI) has profoundly reshaped urban socio-economic systems. Using panel data of 264 Chinese cities from 2005 to 2020, this research empirically examined DTI’s impact on urban economic resilience (UER) and its underlying mechanisms. Results show that DTI significantly boosts UER, with heterogeneous effects related to city size, emerging industry development, R&D investment, and public attention. Mechanism analysis revealed that DTI enhances UER indirectly by promoting the development of new-type infrastructure, advancing industrial structure upgrading, and fostering the agglomeration of scientific and technological talents. Spatial analysis showed significantly positive direct effects yet negative indirect spillover effects driven by the siphoning of digital resources. These findings offer practical implications for strengthening UER and achieving high-quality economic development. Full article

Against the backdrop of China’s “dual carbon” goals, investigating whether market-based environmental regulations can effectively induce technological upgrading is critical for achieving a sustainable low-carbon transition. This study adopts a staggered difference-in-differences (DID) approach within a two-way fixed-effects framework, supplemented by propensity score matching (PSM-DID), to identify the causal impact of the carbon emission trading (CET) pilot policy. The research utilizes a comprehensive panel dataset of A-share listed companies in heavy-polluting industries from 2010 to 2024, incorporating IPC-matched green patent application data to provide a granular assessment of corporate innovation performance. The empirical findings reveal a structural divergence: while the CET policy promotes green innovation in state-owned enterprises (SOEs), it exhibits a potential “crowding-out” effect on private enterprises, a relationship further explained by the mechanisms of carbon information disclosure and financing constraints. These results suggest that the “Porter Effect” in emerging markets is highly conditional on institutional resource endowments, implying that policymakers must complement market incentives with differentiated financial support and enhanced transparency standards to foster a more equitable innovation ecosystem. Full article

Power battery enterprises are a key link in the new energy vehicle (NEV) industry chain. However, studies analyzing the investment layout of power battery enterprises from a micro perspective are relatively scarce. This study takes Contemporary Amperex Technology Co. Limited (CATL) as a case and employs various spatial analysis methods and an optimal parameter-based geographical detector (OPGD) to analyze the spatiotemporal evolution and driving mechanisms of its investment layout from 2020 to 2024. The results indicate that CATL’s investment center has shifted from Jiangxi to Hubei, and the spatial expansion axis has changed from a northwest–southeast to a southwest–northeast direction. The investment layout has evolved from a “one core with two secondary cores” structure to a “provincial dual core, multi-core outside the province” structure and, ultimately, to a nationwide networked pattern. By 2024, CATL’s investment network covered the southeastern coast, the Yangtze River Delta (YRD), the Pearl River Delta (PRD), central China, and southwestern regions. County-level spatial autocorrelation analysis shows that the investment agglomeration effect has continuously strengthened (with the global Moran’s I increasing from 0.006 to 0.025). High–high agglomeration areas gradually expanded from the southeastern coast to Xiamen and several provinces in central and western China, while high–low agglomeration areas, as early signals of investment diffusion, initially expanded and then contracted. The driving mechanism analysis reveals that fiscal support (q = 0.668), industrial structure upgrading (q = 0.585), tax burden (q = 0.543), and economic development (q = 0.536) are the primary factors driving investment layout, with significant synergistic effects between these factors. The synergy between industrial structure upgrading and clean energy supply stands out as particularly prominent. These findings contribute to optimizing the spatial layout of the NEV industry and promoting regional economic development. Full article

Whether and how digital financial inclusion (DFI) is associated with ecological efficiency (EE) is a critical issue for the sustainable development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt (YREB). Based on panel data from 2011 to 2023, this study measures EE using the PCA-Super SBM model, and employs panel fixed-effects models and mediation models to systematically examine the association, mechanisms, and regional patterns of DFI with EE in the YREB. The findings are as follows: (1) DFI and EE exhibit notable spatiotemporal co-evolution characteristics, with the DFI index increasing nearly 14-fold and the EE level rising by approximately 21.5% over the study period. (2) DFI shows a statistically significant positive association with EE improvement; this finding remains robust after various robustness checks. (3) The association between DFI and EE is partially mediated through four pathways: capital allocation optimization, green technological innovation, industrial structure upgrading, and environmental regulation strengthening, among which green technological innovation is the most prominent mediating pathway. (4) Numerically, the association strength varies across functional zones, being higher in the ecological barrier zone (EBZ) and the coordinated development zone (CDZ) than in the high-quality development zone (HQDZ); however, differences in coefficients across zones are not statistically significant and should be interpreted cautiously. Based on these findings, this study proposes policy recommendations including establishing a DFI-EE linkage platform, implementing differentiated functional-zone strategies, and strengthening cross-basin collaborative governance, thereby providing a reference for the green transformation of the YREB. Full article

Atmospheric pollutants and CO₂ share common origins in fossil fuel combustion, raising the question of whether fiscal incentives targeting air quality alone can indirectly reduce carbon emissions. This study examines this question by evaluating China’s air quality ecological compensation policy, a provincial-level horizontal fiscal transfer mechanism under which cities are rewarded or penalized according to changes in ambient air quality indicators, without incorporating any explicit carbon-related assessment criteria. Using panel data from 268 prefecture-level cities over 2007–2023 and a multi-period difference-in-differences design, we find that the policy significantly reduces the composite pollution carbon index (β = −0.213, p < 0.01), with the effect confirmed by an alternative weighted-average specification (β = −0.153, p < 0.01) and robust to propensity score matching, one-period lagged regression, exclusion of provincial-level municipalities, and exclusion of the COVID-19 period. A two-step mechanism analysis, adopted to avoid post-treatment bias from “bad controls,” reveals that the policy promotes industrial structure upgrading (β = 0.253, p < 0.01), enhances green technological innovation capacity (β = 0.047, p < 0.10), and reduces energy consumption intensity (β = −0.012, p < 0.01). Heterogeneity analysis based on quartile subsamples shows that the synergistic benefits concentrate in cities with stronger fiscal capacity (β = −0.349, p < 0.01 versus insignificant for low-support cities), higher economic development, and greater urbanization (β = −1.558, p < 0.01 for highly urbanized cities), while the policy effect is statistically insignificant in the least-advantaged subgroups across these three dimensions. In contrast, the green coverage dimension reveals an opposite pattern: the effect is strongest in cities with lower green coverage (β = −0.378, p < 0.05) and insignificant in high-coverage cities, indicating diminishing marginal returns where environmental baselines are already favorable. These findings highlight the need for differentiated compensation standards, including tiered compensation coefficients and targeted fiscal support for resource-constrained regions, to ensure equitable governance outcomes. Full article

High-technology supply chains are increasingly concentrated in advanced economies, limiting the industrial upgrading potential of emerging regions. At the same time, growing sustainability pressures require the integration of circular economy principles into production systems. However, existing research rarely integrates supply chain localization, circular value creation, and regional capability within a unified framework. This study addresses the following research question: how can circular supply chain design be structurally integrated into high-technology localization strategies to support sustainable industrial development in emerging economies? To answer this question, the study develops an integrative conceptual framework through the synthesis of localization theory, circular supply chain design, and capability accumulation literature. The framework is structured around three interdependent structural dimensions (SDs): (1) core technological supply chain processes, (2) circular value creation mechanisms, and (3) regional capability accumulation pathways. The framework embeds circular mechanisms—such as modularity, repairability, remanufacturing, and lifecycle management—within the supply chain architecture, enabling the transition from linear acquisition models to lifecycle-oriented systems. It provides an analytical basis for understanding circular localization and offers practical insights for policymakers and firms seeking to develop sustainable high-technology supply chains in emerging economies. This contribution advances the integration of circular economy and localization strategies and supports sustainable industrial transformation. Full article

Green finance and environmental governance are integral to ecological civilization construction. This study explores whether green finance advances regional environmental governance by promoting industrial structure upgrading, using balanced panel data from 31 Chinese provinces (2008–2023) and a fixed-effects model. Key empirical findings show that green finance significantly reduces regional environmental pollution, with a core coefficient of −0.8703 (p < 0.01) in the benchmark regression including individual and time effects. Industrial structure upgrading plays a mediating role, with an indirect effect of −0.0333 (accounting for 3.98% of the total effect). Heterogeneity analysis reveals that the governance effect is more pronounced in central and western regions (coefficients: −25.3420, −40.0136 *), and in regions with higher marketization and fiercer bank competition. Additionally, fiscal subsidies and government environmental concerns synergize with green finance, with interaction term coefficients of −0.134 (p < 0.05) and −0.112 (p < 0.05), respectively. The research enriches the theoretical framework of green finance and environmental governance and provides targeted policy implications for regional sustainable development. Full article