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Keywords = historical ranches

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19 pages, 17326 KiB  
Article
The Impact of Grassland Fires on the Archaeological Record—A Case Study Along the Eastern Escarpment of the Southern High Plains of Texas
by Stance Hurst, Doug Cunningham, Eileen Johnson and Glenn Fernandez-Cespedes
Land 2025, 14(7), 1364; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14071364 - 28 Jun 2025
Viewed by 334
Abstract
Fires are an essential aspect of the grassland ecosystem across the Great Plains of North America. Wildfires can also transform surrounding rocks to appear like hearths or hearthstones used by prehistoric people. A grassland fire that swept through part of a historic ranch [...] Read more.
Fires are an essential aspect of the grassland ecosystem across the Great Plains of North America. Wildfires can also transform surrounding rocks to appear like hearths or hearthstones used by prehistoric people. A grassland fire that swept through part of a historic ranch located along the eastern escarpment of the Southern High Plains of Texas has created surface features that mimicked the appearance of hearths. Fourteen wildfire features resembling hearths have been documented, and thermally modified rocks from the surface of three of these features were analyzed to investigate the impact of natural fires on the landscape. The results demonstrate that wildfires can create features resembling hearths when an adjacent shrub is burned. An excavation and detailed analysis, however, suggest that (1) the tops of thermally modified rocks from a wildfire will often have a relatively darker Munsell color value in comparison to their bottom halves, and (2) wildfire features will likely have a thinner cross-section of ash and larger pieces of charcoal produced from the incomplete combustion of the nearby shrub and deadfall. The broader implications are useful for understanding site formation processes within temperate grassland settings in other places. Full article
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39 pages, 14792 KiB  
Article
A Broader View of Conservation: Mapping Nature and Culture of Working Lands in the Texas Hill Country
by Joanna Weathersby and Jason P. Julian
Land 2025, 14(5), 991; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14050991 - 3 May 2025
Viewed by 1271
Abstract
Working lands are (agri)cultural landscapes with natural value that provide tangible and intangible benefits to people. The development and loss of working landscapes and other rural lands have been increasing, especially in regions experiencing rapid urban growth. To address these issues and conservation [...] Read more.
Working lands are (agri)cultural landscapes with natural value that provide tangible and intangible benefits to people. The development and loss of working landscapes and other rural lands have been increasing, especially in regions experiencing rapid urban growth. To address these issues and conservation needs, we conducted a multi-scale study that involved (1) an in-depth case study of a working ranch focused on conservation, and (2) a geospatial inventory of ecosystem services and cultural values across a Central Texas county that is still dominated by working landscapes yet is experiencing increasing urbanization. The purpose of these two complementary scales was to add a broader view of working landscape values by mapping the multiple benefits they provide and assessing where provisioning, regulating, and cultural benefits overlap. The ultimate objective of our study was to identify target zones for conservation planning. Based on categorical and spatial variation in the mapped benefits inventory, we identified four conservation target zones: Headwaters, Historic Towns, Geologic Significance, and Tourism Corridor. Finally, we framed these conservation target zones within the context of land use decisions and tradeoff analyses. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Landscape Ecology)
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18 pages, 4426 KiB  
Article
Impacts of Diet on Reproductive Performance of Captive American Alligators (Alligator mississippiensis)
by Ted Joanen, Ashley P. Mikolajczyk, Mark Staton, Josh Kaplan, William E. Holmes and Mark E. Zappi
Animals 2023, 13(24), 3797; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani13243797 - 8 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2000
Abstract
Historically, there has been little success with the captive breeding of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) for both commercial and conservative purposes. This study, conducted at Golden Ranch in Gheens, LA, between 2016 and 2022, utilized a newly formulated commercial feed and [...] Read more.
Historically, there has been little success with the captive breeding of American alligators (Alligator mississippiensis) for both commercial and conservative purposes. This study, conducted at Golden Ranch in Gheens, LA, between 2016 and 2022, utilized a newly formulated commercial feed and practical dietary supplementation (crawfish waste products) to enhance egg production, fertility, and hatch rates. The primary focus of this study was to compare the outcome of this captive breeding program at Golden Ranch with a program conducted at Rockefeller Refuge (RR) between 1979 and 1984. Notable success was achieved in terms of reproductive performance in comparison to the captive breeding program conducted at Rockefeller Refuge. In this study, 16.1 hatchlings were produced per nest on Golden Ranch from captive breeders. Additionally, when wild nests from Golden Ranch were incubated in the same controlled environmental chambers, they produced an average of 16.3 hatchlings per nest. This comparison emphasizes the similarity in egg production between captive-bred A. mississippiensis and their wild counterparts. The findings of this study suggest that a closed farming system for A. mississippiensis can be established by employing captive breeders derived from artificially incubated wild eggs. Furthermore, American alligators raised in controlled environmental chambers during their initial three years of life demonstrated adaptability to captive conditions and tolerated stocking rates associated with farming conditions and served as breeding stock. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Ecology and Conservation of Crocodiles)
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21 pages, 4584 KiB  
Article
Sustainability of Colonist Land Uses in the Amazon: A Demo-Livelihoods Perspective
by Alisson F. Barbieri
Sustainability 2023, 15(19), 14116; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151914116 - 23 Sep 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1485
Abstract
Amazon, the largest global tropical forest, is central to counterbalance the effects of climate change. However, the extant literature has not fully explained the effects of demographic changes on land use and livelihoods sustainability that reconciles production and conservation. Using a case study [...] Read more.
Amazon, the largest global tropical forest, is central to counterbalance the effects of climate change. However, the extant literature has not fully explained the effects of demographic changes on land use and livelihoods sustainability that reconciles production and conservation. Using a case study of 28 years in the Brazilian Amazon, this article provided novel empirical evidences on the co-evolution of household demographic dynamics (composition and life cycles), land use and livelihoods as depicted by the demo-livelihoods theoretical framework. Methods of analysis involve the combination of exploratory (descriptive, cluster and correlation) and a multivariate hazard model. The results validated the demo-livelihoods theory and showed that livelihoods adaptation over time involves diversification combining perennials and cattle ranching, land consolidation and off-farm strategies (remittances, wage labor, cash transfers). These strategies are conditioned by demographic dynamics. Households are less likely to diversify livelihoods with annual crops due to unsustainable environmental conditions and costs associated with land intensification and market accessibility. While diversification historically occur at the expense of primary forest, household ageing may create a momentum to limit deforestation and allows the future incorporation of plot-based natural capital as a source of diversified, sustainable land uses and livelihoods for carbon emissions and bioeconomy markets. Full article
(This article belongs to the Collection Sustainable Livestock Production and Management)
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10 pages, 247 KiB  
Communication
Charting Sustainable Land Management Futures by Looking to the Past: The Case of Bears Ears National Monument
by Greta L. Asay, Hannah Z. Hendricks, Elizabeth Long-Meek and Michael R. Cope
Land 2023, 12(1), 56; https://doi.org/10.3390/land12010056 - 25 Dec 2022
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2635
Abstract
This review offers an examination of the historical and sociocultural context that should have informed the creation and management of the Bears Ears National Monument (BENM) in rural Southeastern Utah, USA—an area surrounded by ranching communities and sovereign Native American tribal lands. Because [...] Read more.
This review offers an examination of the historical and sociocultural context that should have informed the creation and management of the Bears Ears National Monument (BENM) in rural Southeastern Utah, USA—an area surrounded by ranching communities and sovereign Native American tribal lands. Because of elements such as cultural significance, ancestral ties, natural resources, and recreational value, the land of Bears Ears has different cultural meanings for various groups. The BENM is indeed a complex issue that can and should be viewed from multiple perspectives. Throughout its history, the BENM has been a topic of debate and controversy amongst numerous groups, from Native American tribes to local ranchers to the federal government. Before, during, and after Bears Ears was designated as a national monument, disputes and discourse surrounding the issue have been mainly focused on land use, management, politics, and governance. We present a review of the historical background leading to claims of ancestral ties to place. We summarize the major events that led to the Bears Ears National Monument designation, reduction, and restoration. We provide a brief discussion of the current academic literature and directions for future research. Full article
13 pages, 4918 KiB  
Article
Aerial Photogrammetry in the American West: Documenting the Construction of Cattle Water Tanks by Texas Cowboys
by Stance Hurst, Eileen Johnson, Doug Cunningham and Glenn Fernandez-Cespedes
Heritage 2021, 4(3), 1899-1911; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage4030107 - 18 Aug 2021
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2802
Abstract
Aerial photogrammetry is increasingly being used to discover, document, and interpret the cultural heritage of landscapes. Information on the constructed cultural heritage left behind by the first cattle ranchers in the American West is being lost as the land is transformed and modified, [...] Read more.
Aerial photogrammetry is increasingly being used to discover, document, and interpret the cultural heritage of landscapes. Information on the constructed cultural heritage left behind by the first cattle ranchers in the American West is being lost as the land is transformed and modified, and stewardship of the land changes across generations. An unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) has been used in this research to record and interpret two surface water cattle tanks constructed by Texas cowboys in the mid-1880s. Similar size rocks have been used and placed in a similar pattern across the walls of both tanks. This similarity suggests both tanks were constructed at the same time. This research also demonstrates that UAV photogrammetry can be used to rapidly record and analyze the constructed cultural heritage of American West cowboys. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Digital Applications in Archaeology and Cultural Heritage)
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16 pages, 1465 KiB  
Article
Past and Recent Effects of Livestock Activity on the Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Native Guanaco Populations of Arid Patagonia
by Andrés Mesas, Ricardo Baldi, Benito A. González, Virginia Burgi, Alexandra Chávez, Warren E. Johnson and Juan C. Marín
Animals 2021, 11(5), 1218; https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11051218 - 23 Apr 2021
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3568
Abstract
Extensive livestock production and urbanization entail modifications of natural landscapes, including installation of fences, development of agriculture, urbanization of natural areas, and construction of roads and infrastructure that, together, impact native fauna. Here, we evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of endemic guanacos [...] Read more.
Extensive livestock production and urbanization entail modifications of natural landscapes, including installation of fences, development of agriculture, urbanization of natural areas, and construction of roads and infrastructure that, together, impact native fauna. Here, we evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of endemic guanacos (Lama guanicoe) of the Monte and Patagonian Steppe of central Argentina, which have been reduced and displaced by sheep ranching and other impacts of human activities. Analyses of genetic variation of microsatellite loci and d-loop revealed high levels of genetic variation and latitudinal segregation of mitochondrial haplotypes. There were indications of at least two historical populations in the Monte and the Patagonian Steppe based on shared haplotypes and shared demographic history among localities. Currently, guanacos are structured into three groups that were probably reconnected relatively recently, possibly facilitated by a reduction of sheep and livestock in recent decades and a recovery of the guanaco populations. These results provide evidence of the genetic effects of livestock activity and urbanization on wild herbivore populations, which were possibly exacerbated by an arid environment with limited productive areas. The results highlight the importance of enacting conservation management plans to ensure the persistence of ancestral and ecologically functional populations of guanacos. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Animal Genetics and Genomics)
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27 pages, 5740 KiB  
Article
Reconstructing Three Decades of Land Use and Land Cover Changes in Brazilian Biomes with Landsat Archive and Earth Engine
by Carlos M. Souza, Julia Z. Shimbo, Marcos R. Rosa, Leandro L. Parente, Ane A. Alencar, Bernardo F. T. Rudorff, Heinrich Hasenack, Marcelo Matsumoto, Laerte G. Ferreira, Pedro W. M. Souza-Filho, Sergio W. de Oliveira, Washington F. Rocha, Antônio V. Fonseca, Camila B. Marques, Cesar G. Diniz, Diego Costa, Dyeden Monteiro, Eduardo R. Rosa, Eduardo Vélez-Martin, Eliseu J. Weber, Felipe E. B. Lenti, Fernando F. Paternost, Frans G. C. Pareyn, João V. Siqueira, José L. Viera, Luiz C. Ferreira Neto, Marciano M. Saraiva, Marcio H. Sales, Moises P. G. Salgado, Rodrigo Vasconcelos, Soltan Galano, Vinicius V. Mesquita and Tasso Azevedoadd Show full author list remove Hide full author list
Remote Sens. 2020, 12(17), 2735; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs12172735 - 25 Aug 2020
Cited by 978 | Viewed by 61530
Abstract
Brazil has a monitoring system to track annual forest conversion in the Amazon and most recently to monitor the Cerrado biome. However, there is still a gap of annual land use and land cover (LULC) information in all Brazilian biomes in the country. [...] Read more.
Brazil has a monitoring system to track annual forest conversion in the Amazon and most recently to monitor the Cerrado biome. However, there is still a gap of annual land use and land cover (LULC) information in all Brazilian biomes in the country. Existing countrywide efforts to map land use and land cover lack regularly updates and high spatial resolution time-series data to better understand historical land use and land cover dynamics, and the subsequent impacts in the country biomes. In this study, we described a novel approach and the results achieved by a multi-disciplinary network called MapBiomas to reconstruct annual land use and land cover information between 1985 and 2017 for Brazil, based on random forest applied to Landsat archive using Google Earth Engine. We mapped five major classes: forest, non-forest natural formation, farming, non-vegetated areas, and water. These classes were broken into two sub-classification levels leading to the most comprehensive and detailed mapping for the country at a 30 m pixel resolution. The average overall accuracy of the land use and land cover time-series, based on a stratified random sample of 75,000 pixel locations, was 89% ranging from 73 to 95% in the biomes. The 33 years of LULC change data series revealed that Brazil lost 71 Mha of natural vegetation, mostly to cattle ranching and agriculture activities. Pasture expanded by 46% from 1985 to 2017, and agriculture by 172%, mostly replacing old pasture fields. We also identified that 86 Mha of the converted native vegetation was undergoing some level of regrowth. Several applications of the MapBiomas dataset are underway, suggesting that reconstructing historical land use and land cover change maps is useful for advancing the science and to guide social, economic and environmental policy decision-making processes in Brazil. Full article
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24 pages, 6290 KiB  
Article
Preliminary Assessment of Microbial Community Structure of Wind-Tidal Flats in the Laguna Madre, Texas, USA
by I.-Shuo Huang, Lee J. Pinnell, Jeffrey W. Turner, Hussain Abdulla, Lauren Boyd, Eric W. Linton and Paul V. Zimba
Biology 2020, 9(8), 183; https://doi.org/10.3390/biology9080183 - 22 Jul 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5437
Abstract
Aside from two samples collected nearly 50 years ago, little is known about the microbial composition of wind tidal flats in the hypersaline Laguna Madre, Texas. These mats account for ~42% of the lagoon’s area. These microbial communities were sampled at four locations [...] Read more.
Aside from two samples collected nearly 50 years ago, little is known about the microbial composition of wind tidal flats in the hypersaline Laguna Madre, Texas. These mats account for ~42% of the lagoon’s area. These microbial communities were sampled at four locations that historically had mats in the Laguna Madre, including Laguna Madre Field Station (LMFS), Nighthawk Bay (NH), and two locations in Kenedy Ranch (KRN and KRS). Amplicon sequencing of 16S genes determined the presence of 51 prokaryotic phyla dominated by Bacteroidota, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Desulfobacteria, Firmicutes, Halobacteria, and Proteobacteria. The microbial community structure of NH and KR is significantly different to LMFS, in which Bacteroidota and Proteobacteria were most abundant. Twenty-three cyanobacterial taxa were identified via genomic analysis, whereas 45 cyanobacterial taxa were identified using morphological analysis, containing large filamentous forms on the surface, and smaller, motile filamentous and coccoid forms in subsurface mat layers. Sample sites were dominated by species in Oscillatoriaceae (i.e., Lyngbya) and Coleofasciculaceae (i.e., Coleofasciculus). Most cyanobacterial sequences (~35%) could not be assigned to any established taxa at the family/genus level, given the limited knowledge of hypersaline cyanobacteria. A total of 73 cyanobacterial bioactive metabolites were identified using ultra performance liquid chromatography-Orbitrap MS analysis from these commu nities. Laguna Madre seems unique compared to other sabkhas in terms of its microbiology. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ecology)
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16 pages, 6946 KiB  
Article
PalmitoAR: The Last Battle of the U.S. Civil War Reenacted Using Augmented Reality
by Kwanghee Jung, Vinh T. Nguyen, Seung-Chul Yoo, Seungman Kim, Sohyun Park and Melissa Currie
ISPRS Int. J. Geo-Inf. 2020, 9(2), 75; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9020075 - 29 Jan 2020
Cited by 15 | Viewed by 5309
Abstract
Various efforts are used to preserve American history including relying on formal education, distributing information (text, video or visual aids) on social channels, displaying artifacts in historical centers or more recently, virtual reality applications posted on a shared medium. However, many of the [...] Read more.
Various efforts are used to preserve American history including relying on formal education, distributing information (text, video or visual aids) on social channels, displaying artifacts in historical centers or more recently, virtual reality applications posted on a shared medium. However, many of the newly developed applications are designed specifically for dedicated hardware rather than for a broad audience, thus creating a barrier for disseminating cultural values. In this paper, we propose a web-based Augmented Reality (AR) application, namely PalmitoAR, which provides an intuitive way of observing one of the most significant historical Civil War battlefields, Palmito Ranch Battlefield located in Cameron County, Texas. The proposed AR application is designed to resurrect a series of events through (i) a printed map of Palmito Ranch with embedded markers that enables viewers to experience the battle without being present at the site, (ii) a mobile device with a WebGL supported browser that allows 3D contents to be rendered, and (iii) an AR library (A-Frame.io) that enables enthusiasts to recreate similar work. Our methodology strongly relies on the benefits of a simple, robust algorithm for AR marker recognition to position 3D models in a specific context and time. As a result, the proposed AR application is complementary to existing work and provides a seamless experience for a wide range of viewers. We evaluated and improved the application with the help of twenty-six users to gather perspectives on the specific benefits of employing AR in learning about battlefields and reenactment. The technology acceptance model was adapted to access an individual’s acceptance of information technology. Full article
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10 pages, 1713 KiB  
Case Report
Analysis of the Resilience of Common-Pool Resources during Globalization: The Case of Jeju Common Ranches in Korea
by Kyungmin Kim, Juhee Kim, Kijong Cho, Jeong-Gyu Kim and Seunghun Hyun
Sustainability 2018, 10(12), 4346; https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124346 - 22 Nov 2018
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2647
Abstract
A common-pool resource (CPR) is a type of good consisting of a natural or human-made resource system. Jeju common ranches are historical CPRs located in Jeju Province where mid-mountainous grassland has been shared for livestock farming by the members of adjacent villages since [...] Read more.
A common-pool resource (CPR) is a type of good consisting of a natural or human-made resource system. Jeju common ranches are historical CPRs located in Jeju Province where mid-mountainous grassland has been shared for livestock farming by the members of adjacent villages since the 10th century. Because of the recent globalization movement, the number of ranches has decreased from 126 in the 1940s to only 53 in 2015; while the majority of the ranches did not survive the transformation, others have remained active by adopting various solutions. In this study, we analyzed the administrative characteristics of the CPRs to explain their current status (i.e., extinction or continuance as a common property) using logistic regression analysis. From this analysis, four statistically meaningful variables were extracted using a forward stepwise selection method; these include the type of ranch management, ratio of land area to population, number of internal committees in the village, and number of local government grants. These variables correlate well with previously recognized ‘community resilience dimensions’ and can be used to explain the fate of the Jeju common ranches during the study period. This study elucidates what community dimensions should be fortified to promote the resilience of Jeju common ranches in order to effectively cope with the on-going effects of globalization. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Globalization and Sustainable Urban-Regional Development)
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22 pages, 552 KiB  
Article
Sustaining Sanak Island, Alaska: A Cultural Land Trust
by Katherine L. Reedy-Maschner and Herbert D. G. Maschner
Sustainability 2013, 5(10), 4406-4427; https://doi.org/10.3390/su5104406 - 17 Oct 2013
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 11311
Abstract
Sanak Island is the easternmost of the Aleutian Islands and was inhabited by the Aleut (Unangan) peoples for nearly 7000 years. The past few centuries of Sanak Island life for its Aleut residents can be summarized from ethnohistoric documents and extensive interviews with [...] Read more.
Sanak Island is the easternmost of the Aleutian Islands and was inhabited by the Aleut (Unangan) peoples for nearly 7000 years. The past few centuries of Sanak Island life for its Aleut residents can be summarized from ethnohistoric documents and extensive interviews with former residents as shifting local-global economic patterns beginning with the sea otter fur trade, followed by cod and salmon fishing, fox farming, and cattle ranching through waves of Russian, American, and Scandinavian authority and/or influence. As the industries changed and the island absorbed new peoples with new goals, Aleut identity and practices also changed as part of these shifting economic and social environments. Sanak Island was abandoned in the 1970s and although uninhabited today, Sanak Island is managed as an important land trust for the island’s descendants that serves local peoples as a marine-scape rich in resources for Aleut subsistence harvesting and as a local heritage site where people draw on the diverse historical influences and legacies. Further, this move from an industrial heritage to contemporary local subsistence economies facilitated by a commercial fishing industry is a unique reversal of development in the region with broad implications for community sustainability among indigenous communities. We find that by being place-focused, rather than place-based, community sustainability can be maintained even in the context of relocation and the loss of traditional villages. This will likely become more common as indigenous peoples adapt to globalization and the forces of global change. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Islands—A Pacific Perspective)
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21 pages, 2659 KiB  
Article
The Utilization of Historical Data and Geospatial Technology Advances at the Jornada Experimental Range to Support Western America Ranching Culture
by Albert Rango, Kris Havstad and Rick Estell
Remote Sens. 2011, 3(9), 2089-2109; https://doi.org/10.3390/rs3092089 - 20 Sep 2011
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 8526
Abstract
By the early 1900s, concerns were expressed by ranchers, academicians, and federal scientists that widespread overgrazing and invasion of native grassland by woody shrubs were having severe negative impacts upon normal grazing practices in Western America. Ranchers wanted to reverse these trends and [...] Read more.
By the early 1900s, concerns were expressed by ranchers, academicians, and federal scientists that widespread overgrazing and invasion of native grassland by woody shrubs were having severe negative impacts upon normal grazing practices in Western America. Ranchers wanted to reverse these trends and continue their way of life and were willing to work with scientists to achieve these goals. One response to this desire was establishment of the USDA Jornada Experimental Range (783 km2) in south central New Mexico by a Presidential Executive Order in 1912 for conducting rangeland investigations. This cooperative effort involved experiments to understand principles of proper management and the processes causing the woody shrub invasion as well as to identify treatments to eradicate shrubs. By the late 1940s, it was apparent that combining the historical ground-based data accumulated at Jornada Experimental Range with rapidly expanding post World War II technologies would yield a better understanding of the driving processes in these arid and semiarid ecosystems which could then lead to improved rangeland management practices. One specific technology was the use of aerial photography to interpret landscape resource conditions. The assembly and utilization of long-term historical aerial photography data sets has occurred over the last half century. More recently, Global Positioning System (GPS) techniques have been used in a myriad of scientific endeavors including efforts to accurately locate historical and contemporary treatment plots and to track research animals including livestock and wildlife. As an incredible amount of both spatial and temporal data became available, Geographic Information Systems have been exploited to display various layers of data over the same locations. Subsequent analyses of these data layers have begun to yield new insights. The most recent technological development has been the deployment of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) that afford the opportunity to obtain high (5 cm) resolution data now required for rangeland monitoring. The Jornada team is now a leader in civil UAV applications in the USA. The scientific advances at the Jornada in fields such as remote sensing can be traced to the original Western America ranching culture that established the Jornada in 1912 and which persists as an important influence in shaping research directions today. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Remote Sensing in Natural and Cultural Heritage)
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