Search Results (2,490)

The ecological efficiency of grain production has attracted growing scholarly interest in recent decades. Agricultural insurance alleviates operational risks embedded in grain cultivation, which further promotes improvements in ecological efficiency. Using provincial panel data covering 31 provincial-level administrative regions of China over the period 2001–2021, this study adopts the super-efficiency SBM model to quantify and analyze agricultural insurance development as well as the ecological efficiency of grain production nationwide. The empirical results yield three core conclusions: (1) The advancement of agricultural insurance significantly raises grain production ecological efficiency. (2) Carbon emission intensity exerts a significantly negative impact on ecological efficiency, demonstrating that carbon abatement policies are effective in boosting the green performance of grain production. (3) Carbon emission intensity exerts a statistically significant positive moderating effect. Specifically, the efficiency-improving effect of agricultural insurance on grain production eco-efficiency is more pronounced in regions with high carbon emission intensity. Based on the empirical findings, differentiated premium subsidy schemes for agricultural insurance should be formulated to promote grain production ecological performance. Policymakers are advised to introduce targeted ecological protection policies tailored to regional heterogeneous characteristics, and to advance coordinated linkage between agricultural insurance instruments and carbon reduction regulations. Full article

Background/Objectives: Human biomonitoring of mycotoxins is important for assessing exposure and its associated health risks. Modern analytical chemistry aims to enhance sustainability, practicality, and modernization of analytical methods. Therefore, developing sensitive, selective, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly methods is highly desirable. This study aimed at evaluating liquid chromatographic methods reported for the determination of mycotoxins in human urine, identifying their strengths, limitations, and future development needs and providing guidance for selecting the most appropriate methods. Methods: Twelve liquid chromatographic methods for mycotoxin determination in urine were selected. The methods were evaluated in terms of environmental sustainability, practical applicability, and innovation. Five complementary metrics, namely the Analytical GREEnness Metric, Modified Green Analytical Procedure Index, Click Analytical Chemistry Index, Blue Applicability Grade Index, and Innovative Method Orange Gradient Index, were utilized. Results: Most of the evaluated methods exhibited acceptable levels of eco-friendliness and moderate to good practical applicability, but limited innovation. Within the scope of the selected multi-criteria assessment framework, method 5 achieved the highest overall score owing to its multianalyte capability, efficient sample preparation, reduced sample and solvent consumption, and favorable sustainability, practicality, and innovation characteristics. Conclusions: The findings highlight the need for more practical and technologically advanced analytical methods that align with the principles of green and modern analytical chemistry principles, thereby supporting more sustainable and efficient biomonitoring of mycotoxins. Full article

The transition to a circular economy (CE) is central to achieving SDG 12, yet institutional transformation varies significantly across countries. This study conducts a comparative institutional analysis of CE transitions in China and Russia to quantify Russia’s institutional lag and assess the maturity of both systems in the context of SDG indicator 12.5.1 (Circular Material Use Rate—CMUR). Drawing on neo-institutional theory, multi-level governance, and institutional trap theory, we develop an original methodology that computes institutional lag through three key milestones, an integrated maturity index across eight institutional components, and CMUR estimates based on official statistics, legislative acts (1998–2025), and industry reports. Our results show that Russia’s average institutional lag relative to China is 15.3 years: Russia’s 2024 municipal solid waste recycling rate (13.9%) matched China’s 2009–2010 level, while China achieved Russia’s 25% target for 2030 in 2018. The integrated maturity index is 8.25 for China versus 5.25 for Russia, with the largest gaps in industrial symbiosis, R&D and human capital, and international integration. Russia’s CMUR stands at 5–7%, compared to 25–30% in China. We also demonstrate that Russia’s high recycling growth is driven by a low-base effect and is not evidence of institutional efficiency; the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of Russian recycling volume (33.0%) significantly exceeds China’s (13.1%), but this reflects the much lower starting point rather than systemic maturity. We conclude that without systemic institutional reforms—including eco-industrial parks, green finance, and competence centres—Russia will remain at an early CE stage, failing to substantially contribute to SDG 12 by 2030. Full article

Climate change has been identified by the World Health Organization (WHO) as “the single greatest health threat to humanity”. To investigate this subject, we conducted a narrative review of the literature about sustainability in the OR, with the aim of exploring the existing knowledge and identifying prevailing challenges in the field. A combined automated and manual database search of the literature was performed using Medline (PubMed), Scopus, Ovid, and the Cochrane Library, covering publications available up to and including 21 May 2025. The significance of environmental sustainability is recognized across all healthcare systems. To fulfil the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals, the healthcare sector must undergo a transformation towards more eco-friendly practices, which will also affect clinical decision-making. Net-zero is an internationally agreed goal for avoiding worsening global heating in the second half of the 21st century, as it aims to balance the quantities of greenhouse gases released into and removed from the atmosphere, achieving carbon neutrality. Nevertheless, the operating room (OR) is among the most significant contributors to environmental pollution, with the major carbon hotspots determined by the use of energy, procurement and disposal of consumables and the waste of water. In response to this challenge, leading medical societies, surgical teams, government bodies, and industry stakeholders endorse Green Surgery (GS) by taking steps to address healthcare sustainability and its impact on climate change. Therefore, a movement toward “greening” healthcare, or improving the environmental footprint of healthcare has been built. Full article

The discharge of azo-dye-containing wastewater from textile and related industries represents a major environmental challenge because of the persistence, toxicity, and poor bio-degradability of synthetic dyes. Congo red dye (CR), one of the most widely used azo dyes, poses serious ecological and public health risks when released into aquatic ecosystems. Although numerous biological adsorbents have been investigated for dye removal, the development of sustainable fungal-based nanocomposites with high adsorption efficiency, optimized operational conditions, and verified environmental safety remains limited. Therefore, the present work describes the development and evaluation of a novel Aspergillus terreus–silver oxide nanoparticle (Ag₂O NPs) myco-nanocomposite as a promising eco-friendly biosorbent for CR dye removal from aqueous solutions and real wastewater. Aspergillus terreus (GenBank accession PX920301) isolated from dye-contaminated wastewater, the adsorption efficiencies of dried mycelia, and the myco-nanocomposite were compared. Myco-nanocomposite was characterized using ultraviolet visible spectroscopic analysis (UV/Vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). A. terreus–Ag₂O NPs myco-nanocomposite exhibited the highest ad-sorption efficiency 92.73%, adsorption capacity (qe) 118.7 mg/g and lowest CR dye residual by 3.81 mg/L, while A. terreus non-autoclaved dried mycelia recorded 78.28% CR removal, adsorption capacity (qe) 100.2 mg/g and CR dye residual by 11.39 mg/L. Adsorption parameters were optimized using a four-factor Box–Behnken experimental design, producing a highly significant quadratic model (R² = 0.986). The highest optimized conditions were obtained at run 17 in which 100 mg L⁻¹ CR dye, pH 8, 0.05 g adsorbent dosage, and 48 h contact time, with removal efficiency of 96.88%, followed by run 14 using 50 mg L⁻¹ CR dye, pH 6, 0.05 g adsorbent dosage, and 48 h contact time, with removal efficiency of 95.79%. Phytotoxicity and microbial toxicity assays demonstrated that the treated wastewater was environmentally safer than untreated CR dye, exhibiting no inhibitory effects on representative bacteria, yeast, and filamentous fungi while improving wheat seedling growth. Furthermore, application of the myco-nanocomposite to real industrial wastewater achieved 94.92% decolorization. This study provides a sustainable myco-nanocomposite of A. terreus–Ag₂O NPs which represents a promising green technology for the remediation of dye-contaminated industrial effluents and supports the development of environmentally sustainable wastewater management strategies and applicability of reusing treated wastewater. Full article

Spring viremia of carp virus (SVCV) poses a major threat to aquaculture industry, triggering severe economic losses and substantial damage to fish health. Effective antiviral therapeutic approaches are currently insufficient in aquaculture, highlighting an urgent demand for viable intervention strategies. This study assessed the antiviral and immunomodulatory potential of Houttuynia cordata against SVCV in common carp. Combined cellular and in vivo fish experiments demonstrated that Houttuynia cordata markedly suppresses SVCV replication, reduces viral titer, and enhances disease resistance of carp. The extract appears to suppress RARα-A, upregulate IFN-1/CXCL11, and recruit T lymphocytes via CXCL11, thereby enhancing innate and adaptive immunity against SVCV. Experimental results indicate that Houttuynia cordata alleviates hemorrhagic symptoms induced by SVCV infection. Dietary supplementation with this herb realizes dual functions of viral suppression and immune regulation for carp aquaculture. The findings provide a practical prevention and control strategy against SVCV infection and offer novel insights for research on green antiviral agents. Furthermore, this study verifies the potential value of Houttuynia cordata in improving biological safety and facilitating sustainable development of aquaculture, laying a solid foundation for the development of eco-friendly antiviral preparations. Full article

Historic landscape forests within cultural heritage sites represent a distinct category of urban green space that provides critical ecosystem services under strict conservation constraints. This study applied i-Tree Eco v6.0 to quantify the ecosystem services of the historic landscape forest of Jinju Fortress (Jinjuseong; Historic Site No. 118), South Korea, with focus on species-level contributions. A total of 822 trees representing 30 species were inventoried across 1.272 ha of tree cover. Zelkova serrata was the dominant species (importance value = 57.8) and contributed disproportionately to all ecosystem service categories, accounting for 40.7% of air pollutant removal, 61.3% of carbon storage, 58.2% of carbon sequestration and oxygen production, and 55.4% of avoided runoff. The forest removed 123.1 kg yr⁻¹ of air pollutant Korean Won (KRW 8.834 million yr⁻¹), stored 200.7 t (KRW 138 million), sequestered 8.834 t/yr (KRW 6.09 million/yr), produced 23.56 t/yr⁻¹ of oxygen, avoided 10,413.7 L yr⁻¹ of runoff and had a structural replacement value of KRW 1.63 billion. Beyond providing a species-level baseline for evidence-based management, this study introduces the concept of Heritage Ecosystem Service Efficiency (HESE) and the Species Ecosystem Service Dominance Index (SESDI), offering transferable frameworks for evaluating and managing ecosystem service performance in conservation-constrained heritage forests. Full article

Brands increasingly rely on digital peer communication to promote environmentally friendly products. Whether electronic word-of-mouth (EWOM) actually shifts green purchase intention (GPI), though, is far from settled. Some studies have found no reliable word-of-mouth effect; others have examined green trust and anticipated guilt separately, leaving the joint operation of these parallel mediators poorly specified. This is especially true in Bali, Indonesia, where environmental pressures, heavy social media use, and Tri Hita Karana values coexist. Working under the stimulus–organism–response (SOR) framework, this study tests a dual-mediation model that routes EWOM to GPI through anticipated guilt and green trust among eco-conscious social media users. Survey responses from 393 participants were analysed with partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). EWOM related positively to GPI, directly and through both mediators. Anticipated guilt and green trust each partially mediated the effect, so the mediation was partial rather than full. The EWOM-to-guilt path was the stronger of the two. The EWOM-to-trust path was weaker, yet both mediators connected to GPI at similar strength. This study contributes a dual-pathway SOR specification by incorporating anticipated guilt into digital peer communication within a tourism-heavy cultural setting. Interpreted with caution, the pattern indicates that credible EWOM aimed at greener, more responsible consumption may operate through two mechanisms simultaneously, validating trust and prompting moral anticipation among digitally exposed, eco-conscious consumers. However, this interpretation still needs experimental and longitudinal testing before these relationships can be treated as causal. Full article

This study investigated species-specific physiological and redox responses of two coral symbiotic dinoflagellates, Cladocopium sp. and Durusdinium sp., to green-synthesized nano-selenium (SeNP) gradients, with implications for eco-friendly marine antifouling. Growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT), lipid peroxidation (MDA), and osmo-protectants were assessed to elucidate mechanisms. Both species exhibited a biphasic (hormetic) response, with stimulation at low concentrations and inhibition at high levels. At 50–100 mg L⁻¹, Cladocopium sp. showed enhanced growth, pigments, antioxidant activity, and osmotic regulation, with reduced oxidative stress, indicating improved redox homeostasis. In contrast, ≥150 mg L⁻¹ disrupted redox balance and suppressed growth. Durusdinium sp. displayed slower growth but maintained stable pigments, consistent antioxidant activity, and low MDA, reflecting a tolerance-oriented strategy. Overall, SeNPs synergistically regulate antioxidant systems and osmotic homeostasis to balance the intracellular redox status of symbiotic dinoflagellates, indicating their potential as antioxidant agents to improve the growth performance of symbiotic dinoflagellates in coral nursery cultivation. Full article

Biopolymers have emerged as effective stabilizing and capping agents in the green synthesis of metal nanoparticles due to their biocompatible, hydrophilic, and eco-friendly nature. Among these, bacterial polysaccharides, particularly exopolysaccharides (EPSs), offer distinct advantages over plant, algal, and fungal derived polymers, owing to their unique chemical structure rich in negatively charged functional groups that facilitate interactions with metal ions and enhance nanoparticles’ stability. Despite their properties, the practical application of AgNPs is often limited by aggregation, colloidal instability, and uncontrolled ion release. To address these challenges, in the present study, EPS-stabilized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were synthesized using a green approach. The synthesized biogenic AgNPs were immobilized with natural zeolite, a porous inorganic material, to improve stability and regulate functionality. The resulting catalytic material was partially characterized using structurally using spectrophotometry (UV-Vis), scanning electron microscope - energy dispersive X-ray analysis (SEM-EDAX), dynamic light scattering (DLS), and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Furthermore, the synthesized green catalyst was evaluated for its photocatalytic degradation against synthetic dyes (methylene blue). In addition, its antibacterial potential was also assessed through determination of inhibitory concentration (IC₉₀) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC₉₉), highlighting its potential as a multifunctional biomaterial for environmental and biomedical applications. Full article

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly transforming firms’ innovation processes and creating new opportunities for sustainable development; however, empirical evidence on how firm-level AI capability influences eco-innovation under different digital environments remains limited. Drawing on the Natural Resource-Based View and Dynamic Capability Theory, this study examines the effect of AI capability on firm-level eco-innovation and investigates whether national digital economy development strengthens this relationship. The analysis uses an unbalanced panel of 5564 listed firms from 15 Asian economies over the period 2017–2024. Firm fixed-effects models are employed as the primary estimation approach, while moderation analysis is complemented by System GMM, propensity score matching, and Heckman two-step estimation to address potential endogeneity and sample-selection concerns. AI capability is measured using a disclosure-based index derived from textual analysis of firms’ annual and sustainability reports. The results indicate that AI capability is positively associated with eco-innovation and that this relationship is significantly stronger in countries with more advanced digital economies. These findings suggest that supportive digital ecosystems enhance firms’ ability to convert AI capability into sustainable innovation outcomes. The study contributes to the literature by demonstrating that national digital economy development serves as an important contextual condition shaping the effectiveness of firm-level AI capability in promoting eco-innovation. Full article

Methods for extracting bioactive compounds are widely studied, as the global trend moves toward more efficient and eco-friendly methods. This study aimed to optimize and compare the extraction of phenolic compounds from the residual biomass of andiroba (Carapa guianensis) using the conventional method with methanol as the solvent, and a green chemistry method via ultrasound using ethanol as the solvent. The optimization of the extraction variables (time, mass/volume ratio, and ethanol concentration) was performed using a Central Composite Rotatable Design (CCRD 2³) combined with the desirability function. The established optimal conditions were an extraction time of 26.78 min, a mass/volume ratio of 86.46 mg/mL, and an ethanol concentration of 32.5%. The conventional method achieved a higher yield of total phenolic compounds (TPC) (109.05 mg GAE/mL) and total flavonoid compounds (TFC) (38.18 mg GAE/mL) compared to the ultrasound-assisted method (UAE) (82.64 and 26.27 mg GAE/mL, respectively). LC-MS analysis revealed a diversity of extracted bioactive molecules. Both methodologies yielded extracts with good in vitro antioxidant activity (DPPH and ABTS). In the antimicrobial assay, the extracts demonstrated an unprecedented bacteriostatic effect for this residue, inhibiting the growth of the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus at concentrations ranging from 43.83% to 52.67%, with no activity against Gram-negative bacteria. The optimization demonstrated that the industrial residue of andiroba still contains a significant concentration of bioactive compounds. These findings confirm the bioeconomic potential of this by-product for the formulation of high-value-added bio-inputs, with promising applications in the development of smart packaging or bioactive food coatings. Full article

Panax notoginseng stems and leaves are abundant agricultural residues generated during root harvest, rich in flavonoids yet remain largely underutilized as a valuable phytochemical source. This study optimized a green steaming-sodium bicarbonate aqueous extraction process via orthogonal design. Optimal conditions (steaming 1 h, 1.0% food-grade NaHCO₃, boiling extraction 2 h, 1:20 g/mL) achieved a solid yield of 13.50 ± 0.41%, significantly higher than conventional water extraction (7.98 ± 0.41%, p < 0.05), demonstrating enhanced recovery of bioactive compounds. The extract exhibited 91.95 ± 0.08% xanthine oxidase inhibition (IC₅₀ = 5.0 mg/mL) with reversible mixed-type inhibition (K_i = 4.99 mg/mL). UHPLC-MS/MS identified 3392 metabolites, predominantly flavonoids, alkaloids, and organic acids with potential XO inhibitory activity. Network pharmacology and molecular docking revealed multi-target interactions involving ADRA2A, ADA, GAA, PNP, and PTGS2 enriched in purine metabolism and AGE-RAGE signaling pathways, with quercetin 3-Gentiobioside exhibiting the strongest binding affinity and favorable ligand-target interactions (ΔG = −12.91 kcal/mol). This eco-friendly strategy employs only pure water and food-grade additives, efficiently concentrating xanthine oxidase inhibitors and offering a clean-label, sustainable approach for high-value utilization of P. notoginseng agricultural residues. These findings provide a pharmacological basis for developing functional foods targeting hyperuricemia and associated metabolic disorders. Full article

A green variant of the mini-QuEChERS procedure was developed for the extraction of boscalid and pyraclostrobin from strawberries, these pesticides being commonly used for spraying strawberry plants. To enhance the greenness and overall environmental sustainability of the extraction method, the selection of green extraction solvent, testing of custom-made clean-up sorbents and miniaturization of the extraction procedure were studied. N-amyl acetate as a green reagent was selected as the extraction solvent. Carbonaceous sorbents made from furniture manufacture waste were prepared by pyrolyzation and proposed as a green alternative to traditionally used graphitized carbon black in the dispersive solid phase extraction clean-up step of the mini-QuEChERS procedure. The green mini-QuEChERS procedure was combined with GC-MS analysis and the method was validated. The limit of detection and quantification were 0.58 μg/kg and 1.75 μg/kg for boscalid and 4.60 μg/kg and 13.8 μg/kg for pyraclostrobin, respectively. The extraction recoveries ranged from 75% to 92%. Repeatability, expressed as the relative standard deviation was 13% and 6% for boscalid and pyraclostrobin at 25 μg/kg, 6% and 4% for boscalid and pyraclostrobin at 125 μg/kg, and 9% and 11% for boscalid and pyraclostrobin at 250 μg/kg. Within-laboratory reproducibility ranged from 4% to 12% at the three concentration levels. The analytical greenness of the method was evaluated by AGREE (0.56), Analytical EcoScale Assessment (87 points, excellent green analysis) and Complex MoGAPI (80 points). The developed and validated method was used for determination of boscalid and pyraclostrobin residues in local strawberries samples. Full article

Metal oxide nanoparticles have been the subject of intense research interest because of their remarkable physicochemical properties, such as their high surface area, particle size tunability, outstanding chemical stability, optical activity, catalytic efficiency, and antimicrobial behavior. These properties make them very useful in environmental, biomedical, energy, sensing, agricultural and industrial applications. The chosen synthesis method is important in controlling the morphology, crystallinity, surface charge, band gap and overall performance of metal oxide nanoparticles. They have been prepared using various physical, chemical and biological means, such as sol–gel, co-precipitation, hydro/solvothermal, microwave-assisted, sonochemical, combustion and green synthesis. Of these, green synthesis is gaining more interest as it employs plant extracts, microorganisms, and other biological materials as reducing agents, stabilizing and capping agents that make the process more eco-friendly and cost-effective. Recent advancements in the synthesis and application of metal oxide nanoparticles are discussed. There is an emphasis on the major synthesis routes, the main factors that influence the formation of nanoparticles, the characterization techniques used, and the structure–property relationships uncovered. A special focus is given to the influence of synthesis parameters, such as the type of precursor and the pH, temperature, reaction time, solvents and capping agents, on the properties of nanoparticles. In addition, the uses of metal oxide nanoparticles in photocatalysis, wastewater treatment, antimicrobial activity, drug delivery, biosensing, energy storage, gas sensing, and agriculture are also included. Finally, present challenges, toxicity issues, the problems of large-scale production, and future research directions are discussed to support the practical and sustainable uses of metal oxide nanoparticles. Full article