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Keywords = evaporative lithography

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12 pages, 4156 KiB  
Article
Harnessing Nanoporous Hexagonal Structures to Control the Coffee Ring Effect and Enhance Particle Patterning
by Yu Ju Han, Myung Seo Kim, Seong Min Yoon, Seo Na Yoon, Woo Young Kim, Seok Kim and Young Tae Cho
Molecules 2025, 30(15), 3146; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30153146 - 27 Jul 2025
Viewed by 249
Abstract
The coffee-ring effect, while harnessed in diverse fields such as biosensing and printing, poses challenges for achieving uniform particle deposition. Controlling this phenomenon is thus essential for precision patterning. This study proposes a novel method to regulate coffee-ring formation by tuning surface wettability [...] Read more.
The coffee-ring effect, while harnessed in diverse fields such as biosensing and printing, poses challenges for achieving uniform particle deposition. Controlling this phenomenon is thus essential for precision patterning. This study proposes a novel method to regulate coffee-ring formation by tuning surface wettability via integrated nanoporous and hexagonal microstructures. Four distinct surface types were fabricated using UV nanoimprint lithography: planar, porous planar, hexagonal wall, and porous hexagonal wall. The evaporation behavior of colloidal droplets and subsequent particle aggregation were analyzed through contact angle measurements and confocal microscopy. Results demonstrated that nanoscale porosity significantly increased surface wettability and accelerated evaporation, while the hexagonal pattern enhanced droplet stability and suppressed contact line movement. The porous hexagonal surface, in particular, enabled the formation of connected dual-ring patterns with higher particle accumulation near the contact edge. This synergistic design facilitated both stable evaporation and improved localization of particles. The findings provide a quantitative basis for applying patterned porous surfaces in evaporation-driven platforms, with implications for enhanced sensitivity and reproducibility in surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) and other biosensing applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Novel Porous Materials for Environmental Applications)
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11 pages, 2921 KiB  
Article
Optical Coating Deposition on Submicron-Patterned Surfaces
by Lina Grineviciute, Simas Melnikas, Julianija Nikitina, Mantas Drazdys, Algirdas Selskis and Darija Astrauskytė
Coatings 2025, 15(4), 372; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings15040372 - 22 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 656
Abstract
Periodically modulated optical coatings, fabricated by depositing conformal films on modulated substrates, offer unique capabilities for spectral and spatial filtering of light. However, conventional deposition methods often do not achieve required replication and conformality on submicron-size structured surfaces. In this paper, we compare [...] Read more.
Periodically modulated optical coatings, fabricated by depositing conformal films on modulated substrates, offer unique capabilities for spectral and spatial filtering of light. However, conventional deposition methods often do not achieve required replication and conformality on submicron-size structured surfaces. In this paper, we compare various thin film deposition techniques, including electron beam evaporation, atomic layer deposition, and ion beam sputtering, to evaluate their ability to control multilayer coating growth on periodically modulated substrates. Our study demonstrates that both single-layer and multilayer coatings produced by ion beam sputtering effectively replicate the initial geometry of structured surfaces, thereby enhancing optical performance. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Optical Coatings: From Materials to Applications)
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12 pages, 2488 KiB  
Article
A Polycarbonate-Assisted Transfer Method for van der Waals Contacts to Magnetic Two-Dimensional Materials
by Kunlin Yang, Guorui Zhao, Yibin Zhao, Jie Xiao, Le Wang, Jiaqi Liu, Wenqing Song, Qing Lan, Tuoyu Zhao, Hai Huang, Jia-Wei Mei and Wu Shi
Micromachines 2024, 15(11), 1401; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15111401 - 20 Nov 2024
Viewed by 2165
Abstract
Magnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention for their potential to revolutionize 2D spintronics due to their unique magnetic properties. However, their air-sensitivity and highly insulating nature of the magnetic semiconductors present substantial challenges for device fabrication with effective contacts. In this [...] Read more.
Magnetic two-dimensional (2D) materials have garnered significant attention for their potential to revolutionize 2D spintronics due to their unique magnetic properties. However, their air-sensitivity and highly insulating nature of the magnetic semiconductors present substantial challenges for device fabrication with effective contacts. In this study, we introduce a polycarbonate (PC)-assisted transfer method that effectively forms van der Waals (vdW) contacts with 2D materials, streamlining the fabrication process without the need for additional lithography. This method is particularly advantageous for air-sensitive magnetic materials, as demonstrated in Fe3GeTe2. It also ensures excellent interface contact quality and preserves the intrinsic magnetic properties in magnetic semiconductors like CrSBr. Remarkably, this method achieves a contact resistance four orders of magnitude lower than that achieved with traditional thermally evaporated electrodes in thin-layer CrSBr devices and enables the observation of sharp magnetic transitions similar to those observed with graphene vdW contacts. Compatible with standard dry-transfer processes and scalable to large wafer sizes, our approach provides a straightforward and effective solution for developing complex magnetic heterojunction devices and expanding the applications of magnetic 2D materials. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D-Materials Based Fabrication and Devices)
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36 pages, 3550 KiB  
Review
Advanced Laser Techniques for the Development of Nature-Inspired Biomimetic Surfaces Applied in the Medical Field
by Anita Ioana Visan and Gianina Florentina Popescu-Pelin
Coatings 2024, 14(10), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/coatings14101290 - 9 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2876
Abstract
This review focuses on the innovative use of laser techniques in developing and functionalizing biomimetic surfaces, emphasizing their potential applications in the medical and biological fields. Drawing inspiration from the remarkable properties of various natural systems, such as the water-repellent lotus leaf, the [...] Read more.
This review focuses on the innovative use of laser techniques in developing and functionalizing biomimetic surfaces, emphasizing their potential applications in the medical and biological fields. Drawing inspiration from the remarkable properties of various natural systems, such as the water-repellent lotus leaf, the adhesive gecko foot, the strong yet lightweight spider silk, and the unique optical structures of insect wings, we explore the potential for replicating these features through advanced laser surface modifications. Depending on the nature and architecture of the surface, particular techniques have been designed and developed. We present an in-depth analysis of various methodologies, including laser ablation/evaporation techniques, such as Pulsed Laser Deposition and Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation, and approaches for laser surface structuring, including two-photon lithography, direct laser interference patterning, laser-induced periodic surface structures, direct laser writing, laser-induced forward transfer, and femtosecond laser ablation of metals in organic solvents. Additionally, specific applications are highlighted with the aim of synthesizing this knowledge and outlining future directions for research that further explore the intersection of laser techniques and biomimetic surfaces, paving the way for advancements in biomedical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Biomimetic Approaches in Coatings Synthesis)
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19 pages, 7344 KiB  
Review
Patterning of Organic Semiconductors Leads to Functional Integration: From Unit Device to Integrated Electronics
by Wangmyung Choi, Yeo Eun Kim and Hocheon Yoo
Polymers 2024, 16(18), 2613; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym16182613 - 15 Sep 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2649
Abstract
The use of organic semiconductors in electronic devices, including transistors, sensors, and memories, unlocks innovative possibilities such as streamlined fabrication processes, enhanced mechanical flexibility, and potential new applications. Nevertheless, the increasing technical demand for patterning organic semiconductors requires greater integration and functional implementation. [...] Read more.
The use of organic semiconductors in electronic devices, including transistors, sensors, and memories, unlocks innovative possibilities such as streamlined fabrication processes, enhanced mechanical flexibility, and potential new applications. Nevertheless, the increasing technical demand for patterning organic semiconductors requires greater integration and functional implementation. This paper overviews recent efforts to pattern organic semiconductors compatible with electronic devices. The review categorizes the contributions of organic semiconductor patterning approaches, such as surface-grafting polymers, capillary force lithography, wettability, evaporation, and diffusion in organic semiconductor-based transistors and sensors, offering a timely perspective on unconventional approaches to enable the patterning of organic semiconductors with a strong focus on the advantages of organic semiconductor utilization. In addition, this review explores the opportunities and challenges of organic semiconductor-based integration, emphasizing the issues related to patterning and interconnection. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polymer-Based Smart Materials: Preparation and Applications)
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3 pages, 385 KiB  
Abstract
Magnetic Field Sensors for Non-Invasive Current Monitoring in Wire-Bond-Less Power Modules
by Perla Malagò, Stefano Lumetti, Dominik Holzmann, Michael Ortner and Ali Roshanghias
Proceedings 2024, 97(1), 100; https://doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024097100 - 27 Mar 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1054
Abstract
A non-invasive implementation of a planar magnetoresistive sensor on top of copper interconnected power modules is proposed. This solution allows for the real-time monitoring of the electrical current flowing across the power modules. Anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors made of Permalloy were designed through [...] Read more.
A non-invasive implementation of a planar magnetoresistive sensor on top of copper interconnected power modules is proposed. This solution allows for the real-time monitoring of the electrical current flowing across the power modules. Anisotropic magnetoresistive (AMR) sensors made of Permalloy were designed through finite-difference and finite-element simulations in the so-called barber-pole configuration and microfabricated via patterning by laser lithography and thin film deposition by electron-beam evaporation. Finally, the sensor performance was tested by measuring the magnetic field generated by the electrical current in a specific range of interest. Full article
(This article belongs to the Proceedings of XXXV EUROSENSORS Conference)
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14 pages, 2847 KiB  
Article
Growth of Wide-Bandgap Monolayer Molybdenum Disulfide for a Highly Sensitive Micro-Displacement Sensor
by Shaopeng Wang, Jiahai Huang, Yizhang Wu and Huimin Hao
Nanomaterials 2024, 14(3), 275; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano14030275 - 27 Jan 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1757
Abstract
Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric semiconductor materials are garnering significant attention in applications such as intelligent sensing and energy harvesting due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Among these, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a 2D wide-bandgap semiconductor, exhibits piezoelectricity in odd-layered structures due [...] Read more.
Two-dimensional (2D) piezoelectric semiconductor materials are garnering significant attention in applications such as intelligent sensing and energy harvesting due to their exceptional physical and chemical properties. Among these, molybdenum disulfide (MoS2), a 2D wide-bandgap semiconductor, exhibits piezoelectricity in odd-layered structures due to the absence of an inversion symmetry center. In this study, we present a straightforward chemical vapor deposition (CVD) technique to synthesize monolayer MoS2 on a Si/SiO2 substrate, achieving a lateral size of approximately 50 µm. Second-harmonic generation (SHG) characterization confirms the non-centrosymmetric crystal structure of the wide-bandgap MoS2, indicative of its piezoelectric properties. We successfully transferred the triangular MoS2 to a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flexible substrate using a wet-transfer method and developed a wide-bandgap MoS2-based micro-displacement sensor employing maskless lithography and hot evaporation techniques. Our testing revealed a piezoelectric response current of 5.12 nA in the sensor under a strain of 0.003% along the armchair direction of the monolayer MoS2. Furthermore, the sensor exhibited a near-linear relationship between the piezoelectric response current and the strain within a displacement range of 40–100 µm, with a calculated response sensitivity of 1.154 µA/%. This research introduces a novel micro-displacement sensor, offering potential for advanced surface texture sensing in various applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Wide-Bandgap Semiconductor Nanomaterials)
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18 pages, 34084 KiB  
Communication
Inert-Atmosphere Microfabrication Technology for 2D Materials and Heterostructures
by Aliaksandr Duleba, Mikhail Pugachev, Mark Blumenau, Sergey Martanov, Mark Naumov, Aleksey Shupletsov and Aleksandr Kuntsevich
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 94; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010094 - 31 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2610
Abstract
Most 2D materials are unstable under ambient conditions. Assembly of van der Waals heterostructures in the inert atmosphere of the glove box with ex situ lithography partially solves the problem of device fabrication out of unstable materials. In our paper, we demonstrate an [...] Read more.
Most 2D materials are unstable under ambient conditions. Assembly of van der Waals heterostructures in the inert atmosphere of the glove box with ex situ lithography partially solves the problem of device fabrication out of unstable materials. In our paper, we demonstrate an approach to the next-generation inert-atmosphere (nitrogen, <20 ppm oxygen content) fabrication setup, including optical contact mask lithography with a 2 μm resolution, metal evaporation, lift-off and placement of the sample to the cryostat for electric measurements in the same inert atmosphere environment. We consider basic construction principles, budget considerations, and showcase the fabrication and subsequent degradation of black-phosphorous-based structures within weeks. The proposed solutions are surprisingly compact and inexpensive, making them feasible for implementation in numerous 2D materials laboratories. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue 2D Materials: Devices and Functionalities)
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9 pages, 1788 KiB  
Communication
Design and Fabrication of Highly Selective Polarizers Using Metallic–Dielectric Gratings
by Jingyuan Zhu, Yi Ning, Liang Liu, Siyu Dong, Yifang Chen, Zhanshan Wang and Xinbin Cheng
Photonics 2023, 10(1), 52; https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics10010052 - 3 Jan 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2406
Abstract
Polarization imaging has been proven as an important technique for obtaining multi-dimensional information in complex environments. As the prevalent polarizers, metal gratings are widely used especially for focal-plane detection due to their flexibility and easy integration. However, high-performance polarization gratings with high transmittance [...] Read more.
Polarization imaging has been proven as an important technique for obtaining multi-dimensional information in complex environments. As the prevalent polarizers, metal gratings are widely used especially for focal-plane detection due to their flexibility and easy integration. However, high-performance polarization gratings with high transmittance and large extinction ratios typically need a large aspect ratio in design, resulting in more difficulties in fabrication with limited practical performances. In this study, we designed and fabricated a high-performance polarizer using metallic–dielectric gratings (MDGs). Through a single CMOS-compatible procedure that included electron-beam lithography (EBL) and a collimated thermal evaporation deposition process, we achieved a high TM transmittance (~90%) and a high extinction ratio (~100:1) in the experiment. We believe that our work provides an effective approach to high-performance polarization gratings, which could contribute to the development of on-chip integrated polarization imaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Recent Advances in Optical Thin Films)
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22 pages, 5673 KiB  
Article
Effects of Solvent Additive and Micro-Patterned Substrate on the Properties of Thin Films Based on P3HT:PC70BM Blends Deposited by MAPLE
by Marcela Socol, Nicoleta Preda, Carmen Breazu, Gabriela Petre, Anca Stanculescu, Ionel Stavarache, Gianina Popescu-Pelin, Andrei Stochioiu, Gabriel Socol, Sorina Iftimie, Christine Thanner and Oana Rasoga
Materials 2023, 16(1), 144; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16010144 - 23 Dec 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2082
Abstract
Lately, there is a growing interest in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells due to the organic materials’ properties and compatibility with various types of substrates. However, their efficiencies are low relative to the silicon ones; therefore, other ways (i.e., electrode micron/nanostructuring, synthesis of new [...] Read more.
Lately, there is a growing interest in organic photovoltaic (OPV) cells due to the organic materials’ properties and compatibility with various types of substrates. However, their efficiencies are low relative to the silicon ones; therefore, other ways (i.e., electrode micron/nanostructuring, synthesis of new organic materials, use of additives) to improve their performances are still being sought. In this context, we studied the behavior of the common organic bulk heterojunction (P3HT:PC70BM) deposited by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation (MAPLE) with/without 0.3% of 1,8-diiodooctane (DIO) additive on flat and micro-patterned ITO substrates. The obtained results showed that in the MAPLE process, a small quantity of additive can modify the morphology of the organic films and decrease their roughness. Besides the use of the additive, the micro-patterning of the electrode leads to a greater increase in the absorption of the studied photovoltaic structures. The inferred values of the filling factors for the measured cells in ambient conditions range from 19% for the photovoltaic structures with no additive and without substrate patterning to 27% for the counterpart structures with patterning and a small quantity of additive. Full article
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16 pages, 4238 KiB  
Article
Nanosphere Lithography-Based Fabrication of Spherical Nanostructures and Verification of Their Hexagonal Symmetries by Image Analysis
by Mária Domonkos and Alexander Kromka
Symmetry 2022, 14(12), 2642; https://doi.org/10.3390/sym14122642 - 14 Dec 2022
Cited by 14 | Viewed by 4139
Abstract
Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is a cost- and time-effective technique for the fabrication of well-ordered large-area arrays of nanostructures. This paper reviews technological challenges in NSL mask preparation, its modification, and quality control. Spin coating with various process parameters (substrate wettability, solution properties, spin [...] Read more.
Nanosphere lithography (NSL) is a cost- and time-effective technique for the fabrication of well-ordered large-area arrays of nanostructures. This paper reviews technological challenges in NSL mask preparation, its modification, and quality control. Spin coating with various process parameters (substrate wettability, solution properties, spin coating operating parameters) are discussed to create a uniform monolayer from monodisperse polystyrene (PS) nanospheres with a diameter of 0.2–1.5 μm. Scanning electron microscopy images show that the PS nanospheres are ordered into a hexagonal close-packed monolayer. Verification of sphere ordering and symmetry is obtained using our open-source software HEXI, which can recognize and detect circles, and distinguish between hexagonal ordering and defect configurations. The created template is used to obtain a wide variety of tailor-made periodic structures by applying additional treatments, such as plasma etching (isotropic and anisotropic), deposition, evaporation, and lift-off. The prepared highly ordered nanopatterned arrays (from circular, triangular, pillar-shaped structures) are applicable in many different fields (plasmonics, photonics, sensorics, biomimetic surfaces, life science, etc.). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Symmetry in Physics of Plasma Technologies II)
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25 pages, 4980 KiB  
Article
Effect of Aluminum Nanostructured Electrode on the Properties of Bulk Heterojunction Based Heterostructures for Electronics
by Oana Rasoga, Carmen Breazu, Marcela Socol, Ana-Maria Solonaru, Loredana Vacareanu, Gabriela Petre, Nicoleta Preda, Florin Stanculescu, Gabriel Socol, Mihaela Girtan and Anca Stanculescu
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(23), 4230; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12234230 - 28 Nov 2022
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2035
Abstract
The properties of organic heterostructures with mixed layers made of arylenevinylene-based polymer donor and non-fullerene perylene diimide acceptor, deposited using Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation on flat Al and nano-patterned Al electrodes, were investigated. The Al layer electrode deposited on the 2D array [...] Read more.
The properties of organic heterostructures with mixed layers made of arylenevinylene-based polymer donor and non-fullerene perylene diimide acceptor, deposited using Matrix Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation on flat Al and nano-patterned Al electrodes, were investigated. The Al layer electrode deposited on the 2D array of cylindrical nanostructures with a periodicity of 1.1 µm, developed in a polymeric layer using UV-Nanoimprint Lithography, is characterized by an inflorescence-like morphology. The effect of the nanostructuring on the optical and electrical properties was studied by comparison with those of the heterostructures based on a mixed layer with fullerene derivative acceptor. The low roughness of the mixed layer deposited on flat Al was associated with high reflectance. The nano-patterning, which was preserved in the mixed layer, determining the light trapping by multiple scattering, correlated with the high roughness and led to lower reflectance. A decrease was also revealed in photoluminescence emission both at UV and Vis excitation of the mixed layer, with the non-fullerene acceptor deposited on nano-patterned Al. An injector contact behavior was highlighted for all Al/mixed layer/ITO heterostructures by I-V characteristics in dark. The current increased, independently of acceptor (fullerene or non-fullerene), in the heterostructures with nano-patterned Al electrodes for shorter conjugation length polymer donors. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Thin Films Based on Nanocomposites (2nd Edition))
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12 pages, 3541 KiB  
Article
Design of a Lab-On-Chip for Cancer Cell Detection through Impedance and Photoelectrochemical Response Analysis
by Yu-Ping Hsiao, Arvind Mukundan, Wei-Chung Chen, Ming-Tsang Wu, Shang-Chin Hsieh and Hsiang-Chen Wang
Biosensors 2022, 12(6), 405; https://doi.org/10.3390/bios12060405 - 13 Jun 2022
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 5749
Abstract
In this study, a biochip was fabricated using a light-absorbing layer of a silicon solar element combined with serrated, interdigitated electrodes and used to identify four different types of cancer cells: CE81T esophageal cancer, OE21 esophageal cancer, A549 lung adenocarcinoma, and TSGH-8301 bladder [...] Read more.
In this study, a biochip was fabricated using a light-absorbing layer of a silicon solar element combined with serrated, interdigitated electrodes and used to identify four different types of cancer cells: CE81T esophageal cancer, OE21 esophageal cancer, A549 lung adenocarcinoma, and TSGH-8301 bladder cancer cells. A string of pearls was formed from dielectrophoretic aggregated cancer cells because of the serrated interdigitated electrodes. Thus, cancer cells were identified in different parts, and electron–hole pairs were separated by photo-excited carriers through the light-absorbing layer of the solar element. The concentration catalysis mechanism of GSH and GSSG was used to conduct photocurrent response and identification, which provides the fast, label-free measurement of cancer cells. The total time taken for this analysis was 13 min. Changes in the impedance value and photocurrent response of each cancer cell were linearly related to the number of cells, and the slope of the admittance value was used to distinguish the location of the cancerous lesion, the slope of the photocurrent response, and the severity of the cancerous lesion. The results show that the number of cancerous cells was directly proportional to the admittance value and the photocurrent response for all four different types of cancer cells. Additionally, different types of cancer cells could easily be differentiated using the slope value of the photocurrent response and the admittance value. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advanced Optical Sensing Techniques for Applications in Biomedicine)
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9 pages, 1632 KiB  
Article
Competition of Magnetic Anisotropies in Permalloy Antidot Lattices
by Jose M. Porro, Aritz Villar, Carolina Redondo, Natalia A. Río-López, Andoni Lasheras, Daniel Salazar, Rafael Morales and Eduardo Fernández-Martín
Magnetochemistry 2022, 8(5), 55; https://doi.org/10.3390/magnetochemistry8050055 - 10 May 2022
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 3440
Abstract
Antidot lattices made of magnetic thin films are good candidates to be employed in future magnetic recording media. In this manuscript we present a study on the effect of shape and field-induced magnetic anisotropies on the magnetization reversal of 10 nm and 50 [...] Read more.
Antidot lattices made of magnetic thin films are good candidates to be employed in future magnetic recording media. In this manuscript we present a study on the effect of shape and field-induced magnetic anisotropies on the magnetization reversal of 10 nm and 50 nm thick permalloy antidot lattices. Rounded antidot square lattices were fabricated using a combination of electron beam evaporation and laser interference lithography, covering surfaces of a few cm2. We demonstrate that a magnetic anisotropy induced in the samples, as a consequence of an applied magnetic field during growth, competes with the shape anisotropy that dominates the response of the patterned thin films, and that the effect of the field-induced magnetic anisotropy scales with the thickness of the antidot thin films. Finally, we have quantified the anisotropy constant attributable to the uniaxial field-induced magnetic anisotropy in our antidot lattices. These findings are supported by micromagnetic simulations performed using MuMax3. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Micromagnetics and Magnetization Processes in Nanomagnetism)
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14 pages, 3696 KiB  
Article
Self-Powered Organometal Halide Perovskite Photodetector with Embedded Silver Nanowires
by Almaz R. Beisenbayev, Zhandos T. Sadirkhanov, Yerassyl Yerlanuly, Marat I. Kaikanov and Askhat N. Jumabekov
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(7), 1034; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12071034 - 22 Mar 2022
Cited by 10 | Viewed by 3507
Abstract
Metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) configuration of perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) suggests easy and low-cost manufacturing. However, the basic structures of MSM PPDs include vertical and lateral configurations, which require the use of expensive materials such as transparent conductive oxides or/and sophisticated fabrication techniques such as lithography. [...] Read more.
Metal–semiconductor–metal (MSM) configuration of perovskite photodetectors (PPDs) suggests easy and low-cost manufacturing. However, the basic structures of MSM PPDs include vertical and lateral configurations, which require the use of expensive materials such as transparent conductive oxides or/and sophisticated fabrication techniques such as lithography. Integrating metallic nanowire-based electrodes into the perovskite photo-absorber layer to form one-half of the MSM PPD structure could potentially resolve the key issues of both configurations. Here, a manufacturing of solution-processed and self-powered MSM PPDs with embedded silver nanowire electrodes is demonstrated. The embedding of silver nanowire electrode into the perovskite layer is achieved by treating the silver nanowire/perovskite double layer with a methylamine gas vapor. The evaporated gold layer is used as the second electrode to form MSM PPDs. The prepared MSM PPDs show a photoresponsivity of 4 × 10−5 AW−1 in the UV region and 2 × 10−5 AW−1 in the visible region. On average, the devices exhibit a photocurrent of 1.1 × 10−6 A under white light (75 mW cm−2) illumination with an ON/OFF ratio of 83.4. The results presented in this work open up a new method for development and fabrication of simple, solution-processable MSM self-powered PPDs. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Synthesis and Applications of Nanowires)
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