Search Results (3,645)

The olive oil industry generates large amounts of by-products, particularly olive pomace and olive mill wastewater, which represent valuable sources of polyphenolic compounds with well-recognized antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and health-promoting properties. Within the framework of the circular economy, the valorization of these olive-derived residues has emerged as a promising strategy for converting low-value waste into high-added-value ingredients for food, pharmaceutical, and cosmetic applications. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in sustainable extraction and sample preparation approaches for the recovery of olive polyphenols, including ultrasound-, microwave-, enzyme-, and membrane-assisted technologies, as well as the use of green solvents and environmentally friendly extraction systems. Furthermore, the review discusses advanced analytical strategies for the identification and quantification of olive-derived polyphenols, covering chromatographic, spectrometric, electrophoretic, and miniaturized analytical platforms. Special attention is given to biopolymer-based encapsulation systems developed to enhance stability, controlled release, bioaccessibility, and bioavailability of these bioactive compounds. Finally, current challenges and future perspectives regarding the integration of green extraction technologies, analytical methodologies, and advanced delivery systems are highlighted to promote the sustainable exploitation of olive by-products within a circular economy framework. Full article

Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB), a microbial polyester belonging to the polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) family, has emerged as one of the most promising biodegradable alternatives to conventional petroleum-derived plastics. Its inherent marine biodegradability (typically mineralizing within months depending on material geometry and ambient temperature), biocompatibility, and ability to be synthesised from renewable and waste-derived feedstocks position PHB as a key candidate for supporting the transition towards a circular bioeconomy. Despite these advantages, widespread commercial adoption remains limited by high production costs, processing challenges, and performance constraints relative to established commodity plastics and competing biopolymers. This review critically evaluates the current state of PHB development from the perspective of sustainable commercialisation. Key aspects discussed include microbial biosynthesis pathways, feedstock selection, upstream fermentation strategies, downstream recovery technologies, and technoeconomic considerations influencing industrial feasibility. The intrinsic thermal, mechanical, and degradation characteristics of PHB are examined alongside modification approaches such as copolymerisation, polymer blending, plasticisation, and composite reinforcement that have been developed to overcome certain inherent physical–mechanical properties, narrow processing windows, and limited functional performance. Furthermore, characterisation methodologies, environmental degradation behaviour, and emerging industrial applications are assessed within the context of market requirements and sustainability objectives. Particular emphasis is placed on identifying the interconnected technical and economic bottlenecks that continue to hinder large-scale deployment, including feedstock costs, fermentation scalability, downstream processing expenses, and material performance trade-offs. By integrating advances across the entire PHB value chain, this review highlights current opportunities, remaining challenges, and future priorities required to enable the sustainable and economically viable commercialisation of PHB-based materials. Full article

Exhaled breath analysis has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for disease diagnosis, leveraging gas sensors for their high sensitivity, portability, and real-time monitoring capabilities. Two-dimensional nanomaterials, such as graphene, transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs), MXenes, black phosphorus, and metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), exhibit exceptional gas-sensing properties due to their atomic-scale thickness, ultra-large specific surface area, and tunable electronic structures. These characteristics enable enhanced gas adsorption and room-temperature operation, making them ideal for detecting ppb-level biomarkers like acetone, ammonia, and nitric oxide in breath. However, sensors based on pristine 2D materials face challenges including slow response/recovery kinetics, poor stability, weak humidity resistance, and limited selectivity in complex breath environments. To address these limitations, functionalization strategies have been developed to engineer material properties. Key approaches include heteroatom doping to modulate electronic band structures, heterojunction construction to facilitate charge transfer and improve selectivity, and noble metal decoration for catalytic enhancement of gas adsorption. Additionally, light irradiation has been employed to regulate the carrier concentration on the surface of sensitive materials. These strategies significantly boost sensor performance, achieving ppb-level detection limits, robust humidity resistance, and rapid response. Future directions involve integrating functionalized 2D materials into wearable, multiplexed sensor arrays for simultaneous biomarker detection, coupled with machine learning for real-time diagnostic platforms. Full article

Distributed energy systems are increasingly important for strengthening critical infrastructure resilience under conditions of technological, climatic, geopolitical, and cyber disruption. However, existing research on energy resilience is still dominated by technical approaches focused on reliability, renewable energy integration, microgrid control, and storage optimisation, while the role of distributed energy systems in the full crisis-management cycle remains insufficiently conceptualised. This article addresses this gap by combining a scoping review, lexicographic and semantic analysis using IRaMuTeQ version 0.7 alpha 2, and a conceptual-methodological framework for assessing distributed energy systems as instruments of crisis management. The main contribution of the study is the M_ZK-DES model, which integrates technological-infrastructural, decision-operational, legal-institutional, and socio-organisational dimensions with four crisis-management phases: prevention, preparedness, response, and recovery. The model distinguishes distributed energy systems, distributed energy resources, distributed generation, microgrids, prosumers, energy communities, and energy clusters and links them to measurable resilience indicators. These include SAIDI, SAIFI, energy not supplied, restoration time, share of critical load served, islanding capability, voltage and frequency stability, storage autonomy, procedural readiness, and local coordination capacity. The analysis shows that distributed energy systems may reduce vulnerability to cascading failures, support islanded operation, protect vulnerable consumers, improve emergency power continuity, and strengthen local energy autonomy. The proposed scoring and weighting logic enables future empirical validation, scenario testing, and comparative assessment across regions and crisis types, including extreme weather events, cyberattacks, and supply-chain disruptions. The article contributes to energy resilience and crisis-management studies by offering an integrated and operational framework for evaluating distributed energy systems as practical tools for critical infrastructure protection and continuity of essential public services. Full article

Cobalt has emerged as a strategic critical metal due to its essential role in rechargeable batteries, high-performance alloys, catalysts, and clean energy technologies. However, its supply chain remains heavily dependent on cobalt produced as a by-product of copper and nickel mining and is geographically concentrated, particularly in the Democratic Republic of Congo. This review provides a comprehensive assessment of cobalt geology, mineralogy, global reserves, market trends, primary extraction routes, and emerging secondary recovery strategies. Unlike previous reviews that address these topics separately, this work integrates geological occurrence, mineralogical characteristics, extraction technologies, and resource circularity within a unified framework aimed at evaluating future cobalt supply resilience. The main cobalt-bearing deposit types of sediment-hosted Cu–Co deposits, Ni–Co laterites, and magmatic Ni–Cu–Co sulphide deposits are compared in terms of their mineralogical characteristics and processing requirements. Hydrometallurgy is identified as the dominant industrial route, typically combining high-pressure acid leaching (HPAL) with downstream purification and recovery processes such as solvent extraction and electrowinning (SX–EW). Emphasis is placed on the relationship between ore mineralogy and process selection, as well as on the growing integration of secondary resources, including tailings, slags, and spent batteries, into existing cobalt production chains. Despite promising recovery rates at laboratory scale, challenges remain in impurity control, economic scalability, and integration into established refining infrastructure. This review demonstrates that secondary resources are evolving from supplementary feedstocks to strategically important contributors to cobalt supply. Future supply security will depend on feedstock diversification, more flexible refining systems, improved impurity management, and the implementation of sustainable circular-economy strategies. Full article

The rapid growth of electric mobility, renewable-energy storage, and portable electronics has sharply increased global lithium demand. Conventional lithium extraction methods, including hard-rock mining and brine evaporation, are land-intensive, slow, water-consumptive, and carbon-intensive. Adsorption has therefore received substantial attention for lithium recovery, due to its simple operation, cost-effectiveness, and facile scalability. In this regard, zeolite-based adsorbents have emerged as promising next-generation materials, mainly because of their crystalline frameworks, tunable pore architectures, ion-exchange functionality, and exceptional thermal and chemical stability. Existing reviews on adsorption-based lithium recovery have predominantly focused on polymeric materials, ion-exchange resins, and lithium-ion sieves (including lithium manganese oxide-based, titanium-based, and aluminum hydroxide-based adsorbents). To fill this gap, we present a dedicated and comprehensive review of zeolite-based adsorbents for sustainable lithium recovery from non-conventional lithium resources such as brines, geothermal fluids, seawaters, and battery-recycling leachates. By systematically and rigorously analyzing existing studies on this topic, we identify five guiding design principles: (i) zeolite framework charge density, (ii) zeolite framework topology and pore architecture (iii) morphology (size and shape), (iv) zeolite-based hybrid materials, and (v) operational design parameters (e.g., pH and temperature). Each design element is discussed in depth to clarify how lithium adsorption capacity and selectivity, transport behavior, and adsorption mechanisms can be controlled across diverse feedstocks. We further discuss the advantages, limitations, and future research needs for zeolite-based lithium capture. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first review centered on zeolite-based materials for lithium recovery. The knowledge and insights provided here aim to drive researchers into advancing zeolite-based adsorbents toward sustainable, next-generation lithium recovery technologies. Full article

Background: Marathon running triggers a robust systemic inflammatory response. Whether habitual dietary fat composition modulates pre-race cytokine concentrations or the magnitude and recovery of the exercise-induced inflammatory response remains unknown. Methods: Thirty-one recreational marathon runners (58.1% female; mean age 38.4 ± 10.2 years) completed the Diet History Questionnaire III to assess habitual dietary fat intake—including chain-length-specific SFA, MFA, PFA, trans fatty acids, and CLA—over the preceding three months. Circulating IFN-γ, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α were measured pre-race, immediately post-race, and 48 h post-race. Repeated measures ANOVA examined cytokine changes; multivariable regression models estimated fat–cytokine associations adjusted for 11 pre-specified covariates, with Benjamini–Hochberg FDR correction applied across all models. Results: IL-6 rose markedly post-race (p < 0.001, generalized η² = 0.615) before returning to pre-race levels by 48 h. IL-10 followed a similar trajectory (p < 0.001, generalized η² = 0.346). TNF-α showed a borderline non-significant trend (p = 0.056); IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-4 did not change significantly. MFA 20:1 was positively associated with IFN-γ concentrations at 48 h post-race (β = 13.66; 95% CI: 8.94, 18.38, p < 0.01, q = 0.04) and TNF-α (β = 9.14; 95% CI: 6.43, 11.86, p < 0.01, q = 0.02). Conclusions: Habitual intake of the long-chain monounsaturated fatty acid 20:1 was positively associated with IFN-γ and TNF-α at 48 h post-race. This pattern, emerging specifically at the 48 h post-race phase, suggests that the post-race period, once acute exercise-induced signaling has subsided, may be a window in which habitual dietary fat quality is most detectable in relation to circulating cytokines. Habitual fat quality may warrant consideration in future endurance recovery nutrition research. This exploratory finding calls for replication in larger cohorts. Full article

Post-disaster debris detection is important for rapid damage assessment, emergency response, and recovery planning. However, debris objects in aerial imagery are often fragmented, irregularly shaped, partially occluded, and visually confused with shadows, vegetation, roofs, vehicles, and damaged structures. This study proposes YOLO-SDD, a YOLO-based Shape-Guided Debris Detector built on YOLOv8 for localized debris identification in high-resolution post-disaster aerial imagery. YOLO-SDD combines a high-resolution P2 detection pathway with a shape-guided feature refinement module that uses box-supervised pseudo-mask and pseudo-boundary cues to refine P2-level features before final debris detection. A multi-event aerial imagery dataset was constructed from NOAA Emergency Response Imagery using images collected after hurricanes and a tornado in the United States. The model was evaluated using an image-level split, an event-level holdout test, component-level ablation studies, COCO-style scale-specific evaluation, and multi-seed stability analysis. On the image-level test set, YOLO-SDD achieved a precision of 0.959, recall of 0.933, mAP@50 of 0.970, and mAP@50:95 of 0.755, remaining competitive with larger YOLO-family models at lower computational complexity. In the event-level holdout test, YOLO-SDD achieved an AP@50 of 0.80 and an F1 score of 0.79, outperforming the YOLOv8s baseline and the selected large YOLO-family comparison model. The scale-specific evaluation showed improved AP@50 and recall for small and medium debris groups, while failure cases remained associated with shadows, vegetation, low contrast, and highly fragmented debris. The results indicate that shape-guided P2 refinement can improve localized debris screening under the tested conditions, although broader datasets, workflow integration, and human-in-the-loop validation are still needed before operational deployment. Full article

Background: Perioperative fluid therapy plays a critical role in the outcome of microvascular free-flap surgery. While both inadequate and excessive fluid administration may impair flap perfusion and systemic recovery, the impact of fluid balance and crystalloid volume—normalized to body weight and operative time—on postoperative complications remains underexplored. This study investigates the dose-dependent effects of intraoperative fluid and crystalloid administration on flap-related and systemic outcomes. Methods: This retrospective, single-centre cohort study included 495 adult patients who underwent microvascular free-flap transplantation between 2009 and 2020. Intraoperative fluid balance and crystalloid volumes were normalized to patient weight and operative duration (mL/kg/h) and stratified into pre-defined thresholds. The primary endpoint was the incidence of flap-related complications (partial/total flap loss, thrombosis, revision surgery). Secondary endpoints included flap loss, suture insufficiency, pneumonia, ICU length of stay (LOS-ICU), and in-hospital mortality. Results: Higher intraoperative fluid rates were significantly associated with higher complication rates. Flap-related complications occurred in 54.8% of patients receiving >10 mL/kg/h versus 37.1% in the ≤5 mL/kg/h group (p < 0.01) and reached 100% in patients receiving >20 mL/kg/h, although this category comprised only seven patients (p < 0.01). Suture insufficiency increased from 3.1% (≤5 mL/kg/h) to 57.1% (>20 mL/kg/h; p < 0.01). Pneumonia incidence rose from 8.8% (≤5 mL/kg/h) to 31.9% (>10 mL/kg/h; p < 0.01). A U-shaped trend was observed for flap loss, with the highest rate (24.6%) at >10 mL/kg/h. Crystalloid volume > 3000 mL was significantly associated with higher flap loss (20.2% vs. 0.2%; p < 0.01) and suture insufficiency (7.0% vs. 0.2%; p = 0.02). Red blood-cell (RBC) transfusions were associated with higher overall complication rates (45.6% vs. 34.2%; p < 0.01) and suture insufficiency (9.9% vs. 3.4%; p < 0.01). Gelatin-based colloids showed no negative impact. Operative time was the only strong independent predictor of total flap loss; each additional operative hour increased the odds of flap loss by 34% (p < 0.001). Intraoperative noradrenaline use and a history of neoadjuvant radiotherapy were not independently associated with flap-related complications or flap loss. Median LOS-ICU increased from 2 days to 10 days in patients receiving >20 mL/kg/h (p < 0.01). In-hospital mortality increased significantly with higher fluid volumes (0.3% for ≤ 10 mL/kg/h vs. 28.6% for > 20 mL/kg/h; p < 0.01). Conclusions: In 495 microvascular free-flap reconstructions, diagnosis, flap type, defect localization and operative time emerged as key determinants of postoperative outcomes, while defect type itself showed no predictive value. Intraoperative fluid overload—particularly crystalloid rates exceeding 10 mL/kg/h—is associated with a significantly higher risk of flap-related complications, pneumonia, prolonged ICU stay and mortality. These findings support the implementation of individualized or goal-directed fluid strategies in microvascular reconstructive surgery to optimize outcomes. Full article

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have improved clinical outcomes in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC), including oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). However, many patients eventually develop resistance to systemic therapy, highlighting the need for novel strategies that can restore or sustain antitumor immunity. Near-infrared photoimmunotherapy (PIT) has emerged as a tumor-selective locoregional treatment that not only induces targeted tumor cell death but also promotes antitumor immune activation through immunogenic cell death. This narrative review summarizes current evidence regarding PIT for recurrent oral cancer and explores the immunological rationale for sequential ICI–PIT–ICI therapy (ICI–PIT–ICI sequence). Within this framework, PIT-induced tumor antigen release and inflammatory activation may reinitiate elements of the cancer-immunity cycle, whereas continued PD-1 blockade may help sustain newly activated tumor-reactive T-cell responses. To illustrate this concept, we present two cases of recurrent oral cancer treated with the ICI–PIT–ICI sequence. Both patients achieved durable clinical and radiological complete responses following PIT and subsequent nivolumab continuation. Longitudinal analyses of peripheral immune surrogate markers demonstrated a biphasic temporal pattern characterized by transient increases in inflammatory markers, including neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, C-reactive protein, platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio, and systemic immune-inflammation index, followed by recovery trends in absolute lymphocyte count and lymphocyte-to-monocyte ratio during continued PD-1 blockade. These observations support the biological plausibility of PIT as an immune-modulating intervention with potential immune-reprogramming effects. Although hypothesis-generating, the ICI–PIT–ICI sequence may represent a promising strategy integrating locoregional tumor destruction with systemic immune modulation in recurrent oral cancer. Further prospective studies incorporating peripheral and tissue-based immune profiling are warranted. Full article

Postoperative wound healing complications present a major challenge in plastic and reconstructive surgery, prolonging recovery and impairing outcomes. Early risk identification is difficult due to complex interactions among clinical, laboratory, and molecular factors. This study developed and evaluated machine-learning (ML) models to predict wound healing outcomes and identify key complication predictors. Utilizing a dataset of 95 women and 76 variables (including hematological, biochemical, coagulation, and gene expression profiles), we evaluated several ML approaches, including Decision Tree, Extra Trees, Gaussian/Bernoulli Naive Bayes, Logistic Regression, and Support Vector Machine. Model performance was assessed via k-fold cross-validation, ROC analysis, and SHAP feature importance. Molecular markers (COL1A1, MMP9, MAPK1, MAPK8, IL10, and CCL2) emerged as the strongest predictors, whereas conventional clinical variables showed limited value. The models achieved high discriminative performance, with validation ROC–AUC values ranging from 0.903 to 0.913. Extra Trees and Gaussian Naive Bayes demonstrated the highest sensitivity for detecting complications (Recall = 0.820 ± 0.238 and 0.807 ± 0.246, respectively). These findings highlight the value of integrating molecular-genetic biomarkers with ML for personalized risk stratification and preventive care in reconstructive surgery. Full article

In 2019, the United Nations’ General Assembly established 2021 to 2030 as the Decade on Ecosystem Restoration, and ecological restoration should be adopted by the member nations. In 2015, Brazil had already committed to restoring (replanting) twelve million hectares of forests, and this commitment was reaffirmed in the National Plan for the Recovery of Native Vegetation in 2017 and relaunched at COP16 on diversity in 2024. Despite Brazil’s leadership in establishing the Tropical Forests Forever Fund (TFFF) in 2023, which was launched at COP30 in Belem in 2025, the expansion of the agricultural frontier remains the main driver of deforestation in the Amazon/Rain Forest and the Cerrado biomes. This article aims to examine the social and ecological consequences of the capitalist occupation and expansion of the agricultural frontier in the Cerrado. It will also study the counterpoint of the land struggles and initiatives of peasant organizations focused on conservation and restoration as possibilities and perspectives for the social and ecological restoration of the Cerrado landscapes. Based on an interdisciplinary approach, the specialized literature, and official agricultural data, the study shows that, in addition to degrading nature (deforestation, water and soil contamination, and desertification) and threatening the historical ways of life of countryside peoples, the frontier’s expansion blocks possibilities for restoration and hinders initiatives to protect the remaining nature of Brazil’s second-largest biome. On the other hand, resistance to expropriation and appropriation, and struggles for land and territory, have emerged as possibilities for socio-environmental restoration, beyond reforestation and the recovery of destroyed nature, by transforming landscapes, ways of life, and production, and by creating conditions for food sovereignty and sustainability in the countryside. Therefore, agroecological actions by agrarian movements and rural organizations in general, and those of the Movement of Landless Rural Workers (MST) in particular, have become emblematic in opposing agrarian extractivism and unsustainable monocrops imposed upon and disseminated throughout the Brazilian Cerrado. Full article

Background: Biomarkers are increasingly used in sport science and sports medicine to monitor training load, recovery, metabolic stress, nutritional status, and potential clinical risk in athletes. However, their interpretation is often limited by overreliance on isolated values, population reference ranges, and simplified thresholds. This narrative review aims to provide a contextual and metabolically informed framework for interpreting routine and emerging biomarkers in athletes. Methods: A critical narrative synthesis was conducted across key physiological domains relevant to athlete monitoring, including exercise intensity, metabolic flexibility, muscle damage, protein catabolism, hydration, hematological and iron status, micronutrient and bone–muscle health, inflammation, endocrine stress, sport-specific interpretation, and emerging metabolomics. The review integrated routine laboratory markers with pathway-level metabolomic interpretation and practical decision-making principles. Results: Routine markers such as lactate, creatine kinase, urea/blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine, electrolytes, ferritin, C-reactive protein, cortisol, testosterone, and vitamin D are useful only when interpreted in relation to individual baseline, sampling conditions, recent workload, nutrition, hydration, sleep, illness, sex-specific physiology, and performance. Metabolomics expands interpretation by identifying pathway-level signatures involving glycolysis, β-oxidation, amino acid turnover, purine degradation, ketone bodies, acylcarnitines, bile acids, oxylipins, kynurenine metabolites, and exercise-induced signaling molecules such as lactate, β-aminoisobutyric acid (BAIBA), and N-lactoyl-phenylalanine (Lac-Phe). However, omics-derived markers require careful standardization and validation before routine applied use. Conclusions: Biomarkers should refine, not replace, clinical reasoning and athlete monitoring. A BASE framework (Baseline, Analytical standardization, Sport-specific context, and Evidence of functional change) may support more precise and proportionate interpretation of both routine blood tests and emerging metabolomic tools in athletes. Full article

Orthopedic procedures trigger a complex inflammatory response that plays a central role in tissue repair and postoperative recovery. However, excessive or dysregulated inflammation may contribute to complications such as periprosthetic joint infection, thromboembolic events, delayed healing, or systemic organ dysfunction. Therefore, accurate perioperative monitoring of inflammatory activity has become increasingly important in orthopedic surgery. Evidence discussed in this review was identified through a literature search of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases covering publications from 2000 to 2026. This narrative review summarizes the current evidence regarding both traditional inflammatory biomarkers, including C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), procalcitonin (PCT), and D-dimers, as well as emerging biomarkers derived from complete blood count (CBC), such as the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR), monocyte-to-lymphocyte ratio (MLR), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR), systemic immune-inflammation index (SII), systemic inflammatory response index (SIRI), and aggregate index of systemic inflammation (AISI). Particular attention is devoted to the clinical utility of these biomarkers in orthopedic trauma, fracture healing, total joint arthroplasty, and the early detection of postoperative complications. Increasing evidence suggests that composite CBC-derived indices may provide a practical and cost-effective approach for perioperative risk stratification and prognosis assessment. Nevertheless, their interpretation remains challenging due to the lack of standardized cutoff values and the influence of multiple patient-related factors. Current evidence indicates that assessing biomarker kinetics and interpreting multiple inflammatory indices together may be more clinically valuable than isolated measurements. Future research should focus on standardization, validation in prospective studies, and integration of inflammatory biomarkers into personalized perioperative care pathways in orthopedic surgery. Full article

Hybrid nanofluids with enhanced thermal conductivity have emerged as promising candidates for efficient heat removal in advanced energy systems and next-generation thermal management technologies. In particular, the use of viscoelastic base fluids embedded with radiatively active nanoparticles enables improved thermal regulation in solar collectors, electronic cooling units, and high-temperature industrial processes. This study presents a comparative thermal investigation of mono- and hybrid nanofluids comprising the ferro-oxide (Fe₃O₄) and copper (Cu) metallic particles dispersed in ethylene glycol (C₂H₆O₂), under magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) viscoelastic flow over a stretched surface. Accurate modeling of heat and mass phenomena in such fluids arises from their growing application in advanced thermal systems, including cooling technologies, electronic devices, and renewable energy modules. Unlike conventional models, the current analysis incorporates the Cattaneo–Christov heat flux framework to capture non-Fourier thermal relaxation effects, alongside the influence of thermal radiation and solutal transport. The developed system is truncated into dimensionless form with the proper choice of appropriate quantities, whose solution methodology is based on the implementation of a Runge–Kutta scheme. Compiled observations suggest that the hybrid nanomaterial exhibits more pronounced thermal recovery, while mono nanofluid attributes lower impact. Moreover, increasing the viscoelastic and magnetic parameters leads to notable variations in temperature and concentration distributions. This work advances the current literature by simultaneously integrating viscoelastic rheology, dual nanoparticle suspensions, and non-classical heat conduction laws, providing new insights for optimizing thermal performance in engineering applications. Full article