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Keywords = educational e-book

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23 pages, 607 KiB  
Article
Empowering Pre-Service Teachers as Enthusiastic and Knowledgeable Reading Role Models Through Engagement in Children’s Literature
by Mel (Mellie) Green
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 704; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15060704 - 5 Jun 2025
Viewed by 404
Abstract
This article presents early insights from a small-scale action research project designed to promote positive reading dispositions and expand reading repertoires among pre-service teachers at a regional Australian university. Building on Professor Teresa Cremin and colleagues’ seminal Teachers as Readers research in the [...] Read more.
This article presents early insights from a small-scale action research project designed to promote positive reading dispositions and expand reading repertoires among pre-service teachers at a regional Australian university. Building on Professor Teresa Cremin and colleagues’ seminal Teachers as Readers research in the U.K., the study highlights the critical role of teacher educators in fostering pre-service teachers’ knowledge and enthusiasm. It explores how the use of high-quality children’s literature alongside a reading-for-enjoyment (RfE) pedagogical approach can shape pre-service teachers’ identities as future reading role models. Strategies such as shared read-alouds, book talk, and enjoyment-centred reading practices were employed to strengthen connections with children’s literature. The study also modelled how children’s literature could be used as mentor texts to support curriculum-aligned instruction and develop pedagogical confidence. Wenger’s Communities of Practice theory provides a framework to demonstrate how a children’s literature-based approach and RfE pedagogical practices contribute to the formation of positive reader identities. Amid concerns about improving literacy rates and teacher preparedness for reading instruction, this study illustrates the transformative potential of integrating children’s literature and RfE pedagogy into initial teacher education to cultivate future Reading Teachers capable of inspiring a love of reading and building communities of readers in their classrooms. Full article
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21 pages, 3837 KiB  
Article
Teaching Phonics and Vocabulary Through Children’s Literature in Early Childhood Initial Teacher Education: Trial of the Non-Scripted Intentional Teaching (N-SIT) Tool
by Stacey Campbell, Michelle M. Neumann and Lesley Friend
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 684; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15060684 - 30 May 2025
Viewed by 755
Abstract
Current policy recommendations for initial teacher education encourage teaching code-related literacy (phonics, phonological awareness, and phonemic awareness) over pedagogical knowledge, and engaging practice in learning to read. To enhance early childhood pre-service teacher (PST) practices, this mixed-methods pilot study investigated a tool to [...] Read more.
Current policy recommendations for initial teacher education encourage teaching code-related literacy (phonics, phonological awareness, and phonemic awareness) over pedagogical knowledge, and engaging practice in learning to read. To enhance early childhood pre-service teacher (PST) practices, this mixed-methods pilot study investigated a tool to support PSTs studying birth-to-eight years teaching, pedagogical practice, and knowledge to teach code-related literacy and supplementary vocabulary in conjunction with quality children’s literature. The Non-Scripted Intentional Teaching (N-SIT) tool was developed and then trialled with early childhood PSTs (n = 24) in Queensland, Australia. The participants planned phonics learning experiences using the N-SIT and picture books (e.g., Pig the Pug; Snail and the Whale). Survey data gathered participants’ code-related literacy knowledge before and after the N-SIT training. The data revealed most PSTs felt well-to-somewhat prepared to teach beginning reading and vocabulary and less-to-somewhat prepared to teach phonics. The data further revealed that all participants could define phonics but reported mixed conceptual understandings of phonological and phonemic awareness. The PSTs’ knowledge of phonological awareness, phonemic awareness, and planning for phonics-focused teaching through children’s literature improved post-N-SIT activity. Planned direct systematic phonics instruction strategies through the intentional shared reading of children’s literature and the potential benefits of the N-SIT tool in early childhood initial teacher education are discussed. Full article
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16 pages, 570 KiB  
Review
Do Academic Libraries Contribute to Students’ and Communities’ Wellbeing?: A Scoping Review
by Shivani Suresh, David Lim, Kanchana Ekanayake and Amit Arora
Healthcare 2025, 13(2), 179; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13020179 - 17 Jan 2025
Viewed by 3450
Abstract
Background/Objectives: Academic libraries offer a range of activities and initiatives for their students and community users. However, wellbeing, as a concept in academic libraries, is not very well defined and is poorly understood. The objective of this scoping review was to examine [...] Read more.
Background/Objectives: Academic libraries offer a range of activities and initiatives for their students and community users. However, wellbeing, as a concept in academic libraries, is not very well defined and is poorly understood. The objective of this scoping review was to examine the role of academic libraries in student and community wellbeing, identify the various kinds of activities and initiatives that they carry out to address their wellbeing, and uncover gaps that might require further research. Methods: An extensive search was conducted in the Library Information Sciences Association (LISA), Education Resources Information Centre (ERIC), Medline (OVID), Scopus, and Web of Science (WOS) databases. Grey literature was searched on a selection of library websites and digital repositories. Data were extracted from studies that met the inclusion criteria for the scoping review. Themes were identified by the authors and reported as a narrative summary. Results: Of the 5437 records identified, a total of 40 documents were included in this scoping review. The authors identified 11 different kinds of activities and initiatives carried out in academic libraries that promote student and community wellbeing, i.e., (1) animal-assisted activities; (2) facilitating dialogues about belonging and identity; (3) fun recreational activities; (4) study support; (5) physical activity promotion; (6) meditation, yoga, and mindfulness; (7) book clubs; (8) art exhibitions; (9) technology and digital support; (10) free food and tea; and (11) health awareness. These activities were found to promote the physical, emotional, and social wellbeing of student and community users. Conclusions: This review highlights the need for further systematic research on the long-term effects of wellbeing initiatives and activities on both student and community users, and how they might impact aspects of wellbeing for specific population groups such as senior citizens and LGBTQIA members. This scoping review demonstrates the potential of academic libraries in promoting health and wellbeing for their users. Full article
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24 pages, 3816 KiB  
Article
Sequence Analysis-Enhanced AI: Transforming Interactive E-Book Data into Educational Insights for Teachers
by Yaroslav Opanasenko, Emanuele Bardone, Margus Pedaste and Leo Aleksander Siiman
Educ. Sci. 2025, 15(1), 28; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15010028 - 31 Dec 2024
Viewed by 2149
Abstract
This study explores the potential of large language models as interfaces for conducting sequence analysis on log data from interactive E-Books. As studies show, qualitative methods are not sufficient to comprehensively study the process of interaction with interactive E-Books. The quantitative method of [...] Read more.
This study explores the potential of large language models as interfaces for conducting sequence analysis on log data from interactive E-Books. As studies show, qualitative methods are not sufficient to comprehensively study the process of interaction with interactive E-Books. The quantitative method of educational data mining (EDM) has been considered as one of the most promising approaches for studying learner interactions with E-Books. Recently, sequence analysis showed potential in identifying typical patterns of interaction from log data collected from the Estonian Interactive E-Book Platform Opiq, allowing one to see the types of sessions from students in different grades, clusters of students based on the amount of the content they studied, and the interaction type they preferred. The main goal of the present study is to understand how teachers can utilize insights from CustomGPT to enhance their understanding of students’ interaction strategies with digital learning environments (DLEs) such as Opiq, and what the potential areas for further development of such tools are. We specified the process for developing a chatbot for transferring teachers’ queries into sequence analysis results and gathered feedback from teachers, allowing us both to estimate current design solutions to make sequence analysis results available and to find potential vectors of its development. Participants provided explicit feedback on CustomGPT, appreciating its potential for group and individual analysis, while suggesting improvements in visualization clarity, legend design, descriptive explanations, and personalized tips to better meet their needs. Potential areas of development, such as integrating personalized learning statistics, enhancing visualizations and reports for individual progress and mitigating AI hallucinations by expanding training data, are described. Full article
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9 pages, 1313 KiB  
Article
The Effectiveness of Applying Artificial Intelligence in Sick Children’s Communication
by Hsin-Shu Huang and Bih-O Lee
Bioengineering 2024, 11(11), 1097; https://doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering11111097 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1744
Abstract
Pediatric nursing students are required to be taught how to overcome their own psychological stress during their internship in order to understand sick children’s emotional reactions, as well as to be able to interact and communicate with such children. This quasi-experimental study proves [...] Read more.
Pediatric nursing students are required to be taught how to overcome their own psychological stress during their internship in order to understand sick children’s emotional reactions, as well as to be able to interact and communicate with such children. This quasi-experimental study proves that the application of AI image health education e-books by the nursing teacher is more effective than traditional paper handout teaching materials in improving nursing students’ self-efficacy when using therapeutic games to deal with and reduce sick children’s fears of medical examinations and treatments (p < 0.05). AI-driven tools can enable the development of personalized e-learning materials that target specific areas for cognitive improvement. This targeted approach can enhance knowledge retention and skill development, resulting in better-prepared healthcare professionals. Full article
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22 pages, 9800 KiB  
Article
Arduino-Based Mobile Robotics for Fostering Computational Thinking Development: An Empirical Study with Elementary School Students Using Problem-Based Learning Across Europe
by Rolando Barradas, José Alberto Lencastre, Salviano Pinto Soares and António Valente
Robotics 2024, 13(11), 159; https://doi.org/10.3390/robotics13110159 - 29 Oct 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2747
Abstract
The present article explores the impact of educational robotics on fostering computational thinking and problem-solving skills in elementary school students through a problem-based learning approach. This study involved the creation of a framework which includes a robot and two eBooks designed for students [...] Read more.
The present article explores the impact of educational robotics on fostering computational thinking and problem-solving skills in elementary school students through a problem-based learning approach. This study involved the creation of a framework which includes a robot and two eBooks designed for students and teachers. The eBooks serve as a guide to the construction and programming of a small Arduino-based robot. Through integration with gamification elements, the model features a narrative with three characters to boost a student’s engagement and motivation. Through iteration of heuristic evaluations and practical tests, we refined the initial theoretical framework. An empirical study was conducted in two phases involving 350 students. The first empirical test involved a small group of 21 students, similar to end users, from five European schools. With a 100% completion rate for the tasks, 73.47% of these tasks were solved optimally. Later, we conducted a larger validation study which involved 329 students in a Portuguese school. This second phase of the study was conducted during the 2022–2023 and 2023–2024 school years with three study groups. The results led to a 91.13% success rate in problem-solving activities, and 56.99% of those students achieved optimal solutions. Advanced statistical techniques, including ANOVA, were applied to account for group differences and ensure the robustness of the findings. This study demonstrates that the proposed model which integrates educational robotics with problem-based learning effectively promotes computational thinking and problem-solving skills, which are essential for the 21st century. These findings support the inclusion of robotics into primary school curricula and provide a validated framework for educators. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances and Challenges in Educational Robotics, Volume III)
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25 pages, 7224 KiB  
Article
Universal Design for Learning (UDL) in Heritage Education: A Multimedia Approach to ‘Phra Aphai Mani’
by Kittichai Kasemsarn and Antika Sawadsri
Heritage 2024, 7(10), 5907-5931; https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage7100277 - 20 Oct 2024
Cited by 3 | Viewed by 1790
Abstract
Even though classic literature has cultural and educational value in heritage education, students often have trouble becoming interested because of the archaic language, a lack of good learning materials, the idea that the literature is not relevant, and complicated plots. This research aims [...] Read more.
Even though classic literature has cultural and educational value in heritage education, students often have trouble becoming interested because of the archaic language, a lack of good learning materials, the idea that the literature is not relevant, and complicated plots. This research aims to enhance heritage education by identifying barriers and drivers in youth engagement with classic Thai literature and exploring how Universal Design for Learning (UDL) principles could be applied to increase motivation in learning classic literature through multimedia. Ten interviews with experts, 100 on-site questionnaires filled out by students aged 15–25 years, and a multimedia e-book were used together in this mixed-methods study. As a case study, the researchers asked both experts and students to read the Thai classic poem “Phra Aphai Mani: Escaping from the Sea Witch” and make suggestions for how it could be better. The results show that there are barriers to heritage education, such as ‘the story is not connected to the present’ (mean = 4.52/5), ‘archaic vocabulary and language barriers’ (mean = 4.36/5), and ‘learning materials’ (mean = 4.25/5). Surprisingly, Thai students showed more positive attitudes towards literature courses than expected based on international trends. Key drivers for enhancing heritage education include ‘classic literature in modern, easy-to-read language’ (mean = 4.65/5), ‘including multimedia’ (mean = 4.58/5), ‘the plot/story adapted to the current era’ (mean = 4.50/5), and ‘new presenting technologies’ (mean = 4.49/5). Next, as an innovative way to improve heritage education, this study developed a free e-book titled “Phra Aphai Mani: Escaping from the Sea Witch”, which includes motion graphics and other multimedia elements. This research contributes to knowledge by demonstrating how UDL can be applied to classic literature within heritage education, enhancing understanding of student needs, and creating more effective, inclusive multimedia teaching methods for preserving and transmitting cultural heritage. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Progress in Heritage Education: Evolving Techniques and Methods)
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16 pages, 267 KiB  
Article
Teacher’s Use of English and Spanish Interactive Strategies during Wordless Shared Book Reading: Relations to Emergent Bilingual Children’s Responses
by Natalia M. Rojas, Gigliana Melzi and Adina Schick
Educ. Sci. 2024, 14(10), 1096; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14101096 - 8 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1108
Abstract
Little attention has been paid to describing the ways early childhood education (ECE) teachers implement interactive strategies and the use of Spanish and English, in real time, to support Spanish–English emergent bilingual children’s contributions to shared book reading interactions. Video recordings from 19 [...] Read more.
Little attention has been paid to describing the ways early childhood education (ECE) teachers implement interactive strategies and the use of Spanish and English, in real time, to support Spanish–English emergent bilingual children’s contributions to shared book reading interactions. Video recordings from 19 ECE classrooms during shared book reading were used to conduct sequential analysis to examine the different types of interactive strategies (e.g., questions, extensions) implemented by bilingual ECE teachers and emergent bilinguals’ responses to these strategies. This study found that teachers’ interactive strategies may reflect a degree of reciprocity, with teachers and children sensitively attuned to one another’s contributions in real time. Teachers’ questions in English and Spanish were related to emergent bilinguals’ responses across a wide range of language complexity. Similarly, teachers and emergent bilinguals tended to respond to one another in the language of the prior utterance, suggesting teachers and emergent bilinguals are attuned to the contributions of one another. By examining teacher–child dynamics, this study produced results that can address issues that may have direct, translatable implications for ECE practice and intervention efforts. Full article
16 pages, 612 KiB  
Review
Exploring Sustainability Instruction Methods in Engineering Thermodynamics Courses: Insights from Scholarship of Teaching and Learning
by Joan K. Tisdale and Angela R. Bielefeldt
Sustainability 2024, 16(19), 8637; https://doi.org/10.3390/su16198637 - 6 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1788
Abstract
It is important that engineers are educated to consider sustainability in their work. Thermodynamics is a fundamental course required in several engineering majors that has a natural connection to sustainability topics (e.g., energy and limits on efficiency). This work examined how sustainability was [...] Read more.
It is important that engineers are educated to consider sustainability in their work. Thermodynamics is a fundamental course required in several engineering majors that has a natural connection to sustainability topics (e.g., energy and limits on efficiency). This work examined how sustainability was included in university-level engineering thermodynamics courses, based on 18 peer-reviewed papers that described Scholarship of Teaching and Learning studies. This review found that environmental issues were included in 15 courses, social issues in 9 courses, and economic issues in 5. There were 11 papers that included topics related to one or more of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with 8 of the 17 SDGs represented by one or more papers. The learning outcomes from the courses provided many examples of cognitive outcomes at all six levels of Bloom’s taxonomy. In contrast, affective domain outcomes were generally not explicit. Methods of integrating sustainability topics included mathematical examples, labs, projects, service-learning, application-based learning, simulation tools, and book reviews. These examples should inspire instructors to foster sociotechnical mindsets toward engineering, which are a key to educating engineers who value sustainability and who will advocate for its importance in engineering. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in Engineering Education and Sustainable Development)
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12 pages, 263 KiB  
Article
Prayer and AI: Exploring the Impact on Orthodox Romanian Youth in a Confessional High School Context
by Liviu L. Vidican-Manci
Religions 2024, 15(2), 181; https://doi.org/10.3390/rel15020181 - 31 Jan 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2266
Abstract
The study’s main objective is to identify and analyze the attitude toward prayer of teenagers in a denominational school in Romania and the need to use AI-assisted tools. To find a satisfactory answer, we considered it necessary to identify how they pray, i.e., [...] Read more.
The study’s main objective is to identify and analyze the attitude toward prayer of teenagers in a denominational school in Romania and the need to use AI-assisted tools. To find a satisfactory answer, we considered it necessary to identify how they pray, i.e., freely or by calling on the prayer book, and whether they questioned whether artificial intelligence could be an agreeable support. The research also takes into account the documents of the Romanian Orthodox Church from which the attitude of the Hierarchy towards new technologies in general and artificial intelligence in particular emerges. How attentive is the Church to these realities, and how open is it to incorporate them? Does it have any good reason to consider tools like e-rosary in the Catholic world or Alexa Pray in the Anglican world in the near future? The introduction addresses Romania’s socio-political, educational, and theological context, and the discussion focuses on how the literature on digital religion and its subchapters is received in the Romanian theological landscape. The research method includes qualitative, questionnaire, and textual analysis; it is an interdisciplinary approach, namely practical theology and the study of digital religions. The questionnaire was administered to 216 respondents, respecting all research ethics requirements. The results reveal that young people prefer to pray freely, use the prayer book moderately, and have not gathered information regarding artificial intelligence that could help them. However, they are open to a future offers from the Romanian Orthodox Church, including AI-assisted tools. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Rethinking Digital Religion, AI and Culture)
14 pages, 701 KiB  
Article
Building Vocabulary Bridges: Exploring Pre-Service Primary School Teachers’ Dispositions on L2 Vocabulary Instruction for Emergent Bilinguals through Interactive Book Reading
by Eline Decraene, Silke Vanparys, Maribel Montero Perez and Hilde Van Keer
Educ. Sci. 2023, 13(12), 1220; https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci13121220 - 7 Dec 2023
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 2446
Abstract
A strong vocabulary is crucial for language acquisition and can profoundly influence academic and societal success. Interactive book reading (IBR) offers an effective approach for vocabulary instruction as it provides a dynamic and engaging word-learning context. However, as children progress from preschool to [...] Read more.
A strong vocabulary is crucial for language acquisition and can profoundly influence academic and societal success. Interactive book reading (IBR) offers an effective approach for vocabulary instruction as it provides a dynamic and engaging word-learning context. However, as children progress from preschool to primary grades, the emphasis on IBR declines, despite the persistent need for comprehensive literacy education, particularly for emergent bilinguals. This study aims to uncover the reasons underlying the diminishing use of IBR and focuses on the dispositions (i.e., knowledge and beliefs) of pre-service teachers regarding L2 vocabulary instruction during IBR with emergent bilinguals. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 36 pre-service teachers in Flanders. Thematic analysis revealed a foundational knowledge base for vocabulary instruction during IBR, with most beliefs aligning with scientific evidence. Nevertheless, some beliefs contradicted research findings, particularly concerning the deliberate use of IBR to achieve specific learning objectives, harnessing students’ home languages and fully realizing IBR’s potential for optimal vocabulary acquisition. Furthermore, preconditions at the class, school, educational policy and parental levels emerged as crucial factors for effectively implementing vocabulary instruction during IBR. These findings serve as pivotal starting points for further refining pre-service teacher education and developing in-service professional development in Flanders. Full article
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11 pages, 240 KiB  
Article
Effects of Artificial Intelligence on Surgical Patients’ Health Education
by Hsin-Shu Huang and Hsin-Yuan Fang
Healthcare 2023, 11(20), 2705; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11202705 - 10 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3498
Abstract
Today, the various abilities that nurses require to meet patients’ healthcare needs adequately are all affected by AI-enabled systems. This research used an experimental study design in which 60 subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental (AI image e-book guidance) group or [...] Read more.
Today, the various abilities that nurses require to meet patients’ healthcare needs adequately are all affected by AI-enabled systems. This research used an experimental study design in which 60 subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental (AI image e-book guidance) group or a control (text paper guidance) group after meeting the admission conditions and agreeing to participate in the study. It was proven that providing AI image e-book guidance before surgery significantly changed the behavior of patients and promoted relief of urinary catheter discomfort through self-efficacy to reduce urinary catheter pain after surgery (p < 0.001). It was found that providing AI image e-book guidance can shorten the time for health education and provide patients with repeated medical education and familiarity with health guidance, which can help to address the important clinical service demand issue and the shortage of nursing staff. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application Prospect of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare)
13 pages, 316 KiB  
Article
Sustainability in E-Learning: E-Books and Academic Procrastination among Secondary Students
by Ensaf Nasser Al Mulhim and Yara Ahmed Mohebeldin Zaky
Sustainability 2023, 15(20), 14668; https://doi.org/10.3390/su152014668 - 10 Oct 2023
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 4313
Abstract
This article investigates the extent of academic procrastination among secondary school students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who utilize sustainable digital learning materials, specifically e-books, compared to those who rely on printed books in a traditional face-to-face learning environment. A sample of [...] Read more.
This article investigates the extent of academic procrastination among secondary school students in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia who utilize sustainable digital learning materials, specifically e-books, compared to those who rely on printed books in a traditional face-to-face learning environment. A sample of 336 first-year secondary school students was randomly recruited and divided into two experimental groups based on their preference for either electronic or printed textbooks. An online survey was employed to assess academic procrastination. The findings indicate no statistically significant differences in the impact of textbook formats (electronic versus printed) on academic procrastination among secondary school students. This study emphasizes the importance of employing e-books instead of printed books as sustainable digital learning resources, thereby contributing to sustainable education and the preservation of natural resources. Furthermore, this research could serve as part of a broader series of studies investigating the effects of integrating sustainable digital resources into education on students’ psychological development, study habits, and educational outcomes. Full article
19 pages, 7935 KiB  
Article
Open Book Exams and Flexible Grading Systems: Post-COVID University Policies from a Student Perspective
by Dongsuk Kang
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 607; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13070607 - 21 Jul 2023
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2937
Abstract
Due to COVID-19, many universities have started offering real time video or recorded courses. This situation raises concerns about a decline in students’ learning outcomes and issues of unfairness regarding students’ exams and grade evaluations. Korean universities have introduced online open book testing [...] Read more.
Due to COVID-19, many universities have started offering real time video or recorded courses. This situation raises concerns about a decline in students’ learning outcomes and issues of unfairness regarding students’ exams and grade evaluations. Korean universities have introduced online open book testing in courses and a flexible pass grading system that allows students to select their final grades to improve fairness. This research investigates students’ thoughts and reasons for the test and the system through a questionnaire with 109 respondents and statistical methods such as nonparametric tests, multinomial regression and text-mining. Many students supported both the testing and the grading system, presenting balanced viewpoints by comparing their cons and pros. This finding suggests that these policies could be helpful in enhancing fairness in grade evaluation, relieving students of the learning burden and increasing their satisfaction. This study offers the implications that universities must develop standardized exam formats as well as various learning options in a rapidly changing situation with educational innovation (e.g., hyperscale and generative artificial intelligence). Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Educational Psychology)
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14 pages, 961 KiB  
Article
Information Available to Parents Seeking Education about Infant Play, Milestones, and Development from Popular Sources
by Julie M. Orlando, Andrea B. Cunha, Zainab Alghamdi and Michele A. Lobo
Behav. Sci. 2023, 13(5), 429; https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13050429 - 19 May 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3604
Abstract
Parents commonly seek information about infant development and play, yet it is unclear what information parents find when looking in popular sources. Play, Milestone, and Development Searches in Google identified 313 sources for content analysis by trained researchers using a standardized coding scheme. [...] Read more.
Parents commonly seek information about infant development and play, yet it is unclear what information parents find when looking in popular sources. Play, Milestone, and Development Searches in Google identified 313 sources for content analysis by trained researchers using a standardized coding scheme. Sources included websites, books, and apps created by professional organizations, commercial entities, individuals, the popular press, and government organizations/agencies. The results showed that for popular sources: (1) author information (i.e., qualifications, credentials, education/experience) is not consistently provided, nor is information about the developmental process, parents’ role in development, or determining an infant’s readiness to play; (2) milestones comprise a majority of the content overall; (3) search terminology impacts the information parents receive; (4) sources from the Milestone and Development Searches emphasized a passive approach of observing developmental milestones rather than suggesting activities to actively facilitate learning and milestone development. These findings highlight the need to discuss parents’ online information-gathering process and findings. They also highlight the need for innovative universal parent-education programs that focus on activities to facilitate early development. This type of education has potential to benefit all families, with particular benefits for families with children who have unidentified or untreated developmental delays. Full article
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