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Keywords = dust-suppression evaluation

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15 pages, 4502 KiB  
Article
Research on the Distribution and Escape Characteristics of Dust at the Blasting Pile in an Open-Pit Mining Area
by Yong Cao, Xiaoliang Jiao, Rong Liu, Haoran Wang, Yi He, Jie Chen, Xiang Lu and Huangqing Zhang
Geosciences 2025, 15(7), 238; https://doi.org/10.3390/geosciences15070238 - 20 Jun 2025
Viewed by 265
Abstract
In open-pit mines, substantial amounts of dust are generated at various stages. Due to the long duration, repeated mechanical disturbance, and large volume of material handled during the shoveling and loading of blasting piles, this stage is recognized as one of the primary [...] Read more.
In open-pit mines, substantial amounts of dust are generated at various stages. Due to the long duration, repeated mechanical disturbance, and large volume of material handled during the shoveling and loading of blasting piles, this stage is recognized as one of the primary contributors to overall dust emissions in open-pit mining operations. The objective of this study is to investigate the spatial dispersion characteristics of dust at blasting piles and evaluate the influence of wind direction on dust migration and escape behavior. This study uses a full-scale numerical model to analyze the airflow and dust migration characteristics at blasting piles under different wind directions. Simulation results show that dust particles of different sizes exhibit distinct dispersion patterns: large particles settle near the source, medium particles migrate a moderate distance, and fine particles (PM2.5 and PM10) travel further and are more likely to escape from the pit. The leeward slope and pit bottom are identified as critical zones of dust accumulation and escape. Under both dump-side and stope-side wind conditions, respirable dust (d < 5 μm) accounts for more than 50% of the escaped particles, posing potential health risks to workers. These findings establish a scientific basis for targeted dust suppression strategies, supporting safer and more sustainable mine site management. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Geomechanics)
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19 pages, 4528 KiB  
Article
Therapeutic and Pharmaceutical Potential of Scutellaria baicalensis-Derived Exosomes for Oily Skin Disorders
by Guybin Gong, Mihae Yun, Ohhyuk Kwon and Boyong Kim
Antioxidants 2025, 14(3), 364; https://doi.org/10.3390/antiox14030364 - 19 Mar 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 1236
Abstract
Background: Fine dust exposure worsens oily skin by disrupting lipid metabolism and triggering oxidative inflammation. Scutellaria baicalensis extract-induced exosomes (SBEIEs) have shown anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid-regulating properties, making them potential therapeutic agents. Methods: Exosomes from fibroblasts treated [...] Read more.
Background: Fine dust exposure worsens oily skin by disrupting lipid metabolism and triggering oxidative inflammation. Scutellaria baicalensis extract-induced exosomes (SBEIEs) have shown anti-inflammatory effects by suppressing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid-regulating properties, making them potential therapeutic agents. Methods: Exosomes from fibroblasts treated with SBEIEs and PM10 were tested on macrophages, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs), and T lymphocytes. ELISA, flow cytometry, and PCR measured cytokines and gene expression. A 10-day clinical trial evaluated skin hydration, oiliness, and inflammation. Results: SBEIEs increased IRF3 (1.6 times) and suppressed PPARγ in ASCs while enhancing lipolysis markers. Sebaceous gland activity (squalene synthase) decreased by 10%. Macrophages showed increased IRF3, IFN-β, and IL-10 (2.1 times). T cells secreted IL-4 and IL-22 (2–2.33 times). Clinically, SBEIEs improved hydration (21%), reduced oiliness (1.6 times), and decreased inflammation (2.2 times). Conclusions: SBEIEs effectively regulate lipid metabolism, cytokines, and immune responses, showing promise to treat oily and inflamed skin caused by fine dust exposure. Further studies are needed for clinical applications. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Dietary Antioxidants and Cosmetics—2nd Edition)
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14 pages, 2338 KiB  
Article
Experimental Study on the Effects of Environmentally Friendly Composite Dust Suppressant on Soil Properties
by Yong Xu, Min Liu, Ben Ma, Yingda Zhang, Zhuhong Liu and Zihao Liu
Appl. Sci. 2025, 15(6), 2998; https://doi.org/10.3390/app15062998 - 10 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 779
Abstract
This study aims to investigate the impact of a self-developed environmentally friendly composite dust suppressant on soil properties, with the objective of addressing dust pollution at construction sites. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of the composite dust suppressant [...] Read more.
This study aims to investigate the impact of a self-developed environmentally friendly composite dust suppressant on soil properties, with the objective of addressing dust pollution at construction sites. A series of experiments were conducted to examine the effects of the composite dust suppressant on soil strength (including compressive strength, shear strength, and surface hardness) and wind erosion resistance. The results demonstrate that spraying the soil with the composite dust suppressant diluted 10 times not only significantly enhances the compressive strength and ductility of the soil but also reduces the usage cost. Furthermore, the soil treated with the diluted suppressant exhibited the highest ultimate compressive strength after drying for seven days, which was 118.1 kPa higher than that of the undiluted treatment. The shear strength test also revealed a substantial increase in the shear strength of the soil treated with the dust suppressant under different vertical loads. Hardness tests showed that the composite dust suppressant containing binder significantly improved soil hardness. Wind erosion resistance tests further confirmed that the soil sprayed with the composite dust suppressant had a mass loss rate of only 9.36% within twenty minutes under an eleven-grade natural wind force, demonstrating good wind erosion resistance. This study not only provides a scientific basis for assessing the environmental impact of environmentally friendly composite dust suppressants on soil but also offers standardized evaluation techniques and experimental protocols for practical applications of dust suppressants. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Ecology Science and Engineering)
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14 pages, 7075 KiB  
Article
Lysimachia mauritiana Lam. Extract Alleviates Airway Inflammation Induced by Particulate Matter Plus Diesel Exhaust Particles in Mice
by Yoon-Young Sung, Seung-Hyung Kim, Won-Kyung Yang, Heung Joo Yuk, Mi-Sun Kim and Dong-Seon Kim
Nutrients 2024, 16(21), 3732; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu16213732 - 31 Oct 2024
Viewed by 1080
Abstract
Exposure to air pollution poses a risk to human respiratory health, and a preventive and therapeutic remedy against fine dust-induced respiratory disease is needed. Background/Objectives: The respiratory-protective effects of Lysimachia mauritiana (LM) against airway inflammation were evaluated in a mouse model exposed to [...] Read more.
Exposure to air pollution poses a risk to human respiratory health, and a preventive and therapeutic remedy against fine dust-induced respiratory disease is needed. Background/Objectives: The respiratory-protective effects of Lysimachia mauritiana (LM) against airway inflammation were evaluated in a mouse model exposed to a fine dust mixture of diesel exhaust particles and particulate matter with a diameter of less than 10 µm (PM10D). Methods: To induce airway inflammation, PM10D was intranasally injected into BALB/c mice three times a day for 12 days, and LM extracts were given orally once per day. The immune cell subtypes, histopathology, and expression of inflammatory mediators were analyzed from the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lungs. Results: LM alleviated the accumulation of neutrophils and the number of inflammatory cells in the lungs and the BALF of the PM10D-exposed mice. LM also reduced the release of inflammatory mediators (MIP-2, IL-17, IL-1α, CXCL1, TNF-α, MUC5AC, and TRP receptor channels) in the BALF and lungs. Lung histopathology was used to examine airway inflammation and the accumulation of collagen fibers and inflammatory cells after PM10D exposure and showed that LM administration improved this inflammation. Furthermore, LM extract inhibited the MAPK and NF-κB signaling pathway in the lungs and improved expectoration activity through an increase in phenol red release from the trachea. Conclusions: LM alleviated PM10D-exposed neutrophilic airway inflammation by suppressing MAPK/NF-κB activation. This study indicates that LM extract may be an effective therapeutic agent against inflammatory respiratory diseases. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Effects of Plant Extracts on Human Health)
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12 pages, 1580 KiB  
Article
Mark–Release–Recapture (MRR) of Sterile Male Aedes albopictus (Skuse) in Sri Lanka: Field Performance of Sterile Males and Estimation of the Wild Mosquito Population Density
by Menaka Hapugoda, Nilmini Silva Gunawardena, Tharaka Ranathunge, Jeremy Bouyer, Hamidou Maiga, Kankanige Karunathilake, Gayan Parakrama Withanage, Indika Weerasinghe, Bazoumana B. D. Sow and Jeevanie Harishchandra
Insects 2024, 15(7), 466; https://doi.org/10.3390/insects15070466 - 22 Jun 2024
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 3034
Abstract
Dengue is an important mosquito-borne disease in Sri Lanka. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly and novel method that can suppress dengue vector mosquitoes in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to evaluate the field performance of sterile males and the density [...] Read more.
Dengue is an important mosquito-borne disease in Sri Lanka. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT) is an environment-friendly and novel method that can suppress dengue vector mosquitoes in Sri Lanka. This study aimed to evaluate the field performance of sterile males and the density of wild male Aedes albopictus (Skuse) using a Mark–Release–Recapture (MRR) assay. Laboratory-colonized male pupae were exposed to 50 Gy gamma using a Co60 source. Sterile males (approx. 10,000) marked with fluorescent dust were released weekly for 4 consecutive weeks (January–February 2021) in a geographically isolated 30 ha site in Gampaha. Results show sterile males could disperse up to 543.8 m with a mean distance of 255.1 ± 44.6 m and survive up to 6 days with a mean life expectancy of 3.55 ± 2.32 days. A high field mating competitiveness of sterile males based on a Fried value of 0.47 ± 0.007 and significant induced sterility in the wild eggs in the second generation were found. The mean wild male mosquito population density was 163 males/ha. The data generated will be useful for designing future trials in Sri Lanka and other countries with similar situations. Full article
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16 pages, 4483 KiB  
Article
The Preparation and Dust Suppression Performance Evaluation of Iron Ore Tailing-Based Cementitious Composites
by Miaomiao Nie, Shefeng Li, Xuli Li, Shenxu Bao, Pei Chen, Yong Zhang, Siyu Ding and Jiale Li
Molecules 2024, 29(9), 2056; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29092056 - 29 Apr 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1548
Abstract
In order to comprehensively utilize iron ore tailings (IOTs), the possibility of using IOTs as raw materials for the preparation of cementitious composites (IOTCCs) was investigated, and IOTCC was further applied to mine interface pollution control. The mechanical properties, hydration products, wind erosion [...] Read more.
In order to comprehensively utilize iron ore tailings (IOTs), the possibility of using IOTs as raw materials for the preparation of cementitious composites (IOTCCs) was investigated, and IOTCC was further applied to mine interface pollution control. The mechanical properties, hydration products, wind erosion resistance, and freeze–thaw (F–T) cycle resistance of IOTCCs were evaluated rigorously. The activity index of iron tailings increased from 42% to 78% after grinding for 20 s. The IOTCC was prepared by blending 86% IOT, 10% ground granulated blast-furnace slag (GGBS), and 4% cement clinker. Meanwhile, the hydration products mainly comprised ettringite, calcium hydroxide, and C-S-H gel, and they were characterized via XRD, IR, and SEM. It was observed that ettringite and C-S-H gel were principally responsible for the strength development of IOTCC mortars with an increase in curing time. The results show that the kaolinite of the tailings was decomposed largely after mechanical activation, which promoted the cementitious property of IOT. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Green Chemistry)
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18 pages, 5088 KiB  
Study Protocol
Research and Industrial Test of Anti-Freezing and Dust Suppression Agent for Truck Roads in Open-Pit Mines in Inner Mongolia, China
by Xiaoliang Zhao, Jing Du, Bandna Bharti, Yitong Qiao, Yide Li, Hao Wu and Zhimin Ma
Processes 2023, 11(12), 3336; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11123336 - 30 Nov 2023
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 1930
Abstract
To effectively resolve the inherent conflict between dust control and ice prevention on truck roads during North Surface Coal Mine winters, initially, via monomer preference experiments, the optimal monomers for wetting, moisturizing, and condensing functions were identified as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (B), glycerol [...] Read more.
To effectively resolve the inherent conflict between dust control and ice prevention on truck roads during North Surface Coal Mine winters, initially, via monomer preference experiments, the optimal monomers for wetting, moisturizing, and condensing functions were identified as sodium dodecylbenzene sulfonate (B), glycerol (N), and polyacrylamide (R). In parallel, through compound synergistic experiments, the constituent elements of an anti-freezing agent were determined, referred to as F. Subsequently, a four-factor three-level orthogonal test was conducted employing the monomers B, N, R, and the anti-freezing agent F. This evaluation focused on four principal control parameters: penetration rate, evaporation resistance, viscosity, and freezing point. The results led to the identification of the optimal antifreeze and dust suppressant formulation, designated as B2N3R1F3. Within the North Open-Pit Coal Mine, the self-developed dust suppressant was applied to the field test section. Multiple parameters were examined for 6 consecutive days, encompassing the water content of the pavement geotechnical soil, the concentrations of total dust and exhaled dust, and the particle size distribution of dust within this road section. The field test results show that: the average water content of the road surface within the dust suppressant test section measured at 12%; the dust reduction efficiency of total dust and exhaled dust is 93% and 91%; the proportion of dust particles with a size exceeding 500 μm increased by 54.6%. These comprehensive findings provide a empirical framework for the effective resolution of the practical challenge of simultaneously managing dust control and frost protection on truck roads within surface coal mines. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection, Control and Management of Industrial Dust)
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23 pages, 3937 KiB  
Article
Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Explosive Dust at Large Open-Pit Coal Mines in Inner Mongolia, China and Dust Control Research
by Junlong Yan, Zhiming Wang, Xiang Lu, Yuejinyi Wu, Huaiting Luo and Xin Liu
Atmosphere 2023, 14(11), 1678; https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos14111678 - 13 Nov 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 2090
Abstract
To further promote dust control efforts in Chinese open-pit coal mines, this study focuses on the research of coal dust and rock dust produced by different explosions in the Haerwusu open-pit coal mine in China. By investigating the relationship between the physical and [...] Read more.
To further promote dust control efforts in Chinese open-pit coal mines, this study focuses on the research of coal dust and rock dust produced by different explosions in the Haerwusu open-pit coal mine in China. By investigating the relationship between the physical and chemical characteristics of dust particles from explosions in open-pit mines and the wetting properties of dust, the main factors influencing the wetting properties of explosive dust are identified. This provides a theoretical basis for subsequent dust control work in open-pit coal mines. Simultaneously, to formulate more effective dust suppressants and reduce explosive dust pollution, this study conducts experiments on the surface tension, contact angles, and complex solution compatibility to select suitable surfactants. Ultimately, the effectiveness of the dust suppressants is evaluated through permeability experiments and indoor dust suppression experiments. The research findings are as follows: (1) The significant factors affecting the wetting properties of coal dust are the fixed carbon content and D50, while the significant factor affecting the wetting properties of rock dust is D50. (2) The formulated dust suppressants can increase the permeation height of coal dust by at least 10 times, increase moisture absorption by at least 4 times, and reduce the TSP concentration by at least 81.4%. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Atmospheric Pollutants: Characteristics, Sources and Transport)
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15 pages, 10324 KiB  
Article
Design and Optimization of a Novel Dust Collection Device for Underground Dry Drilling Based on Numerical Simulation and Field Testing
by Jianguo Liu, Hongyue Zhang, Yuzhu Zhou, Longzhe Jin, Gang Li, Tianyang Wang, Yunqi Tian, Jie Yu, Lin Wei, Bin Wu and Xinran Wu
Processes 2023, 11(10), 2942; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr11102942 - 10 Oct 2023
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1471
Abstract
To address the challenge of dust control during dry drilling of underground coal seams, a novel dust-collecting device for micron-size dust was designed and tested. To determine the optimal structural parameters of the dust collector, numerical simulations were employed to investigate the influence [...] Read more.
To address the challenge of dust control during dry drilling of underground coal seams, a novel dust-collecting device for micron-size dust was designed and tested. To determine the optimal structural parameters of the dust collector, numerical simulations were employed to investigate the influence of the positions of the dust extraction pipe, slag discharge pipe angle, and cavity diameter on the distributions of the airflow velocity field and the pressure field inside the device. The findings revealed that the best performance was achieved when the dust extraction pipe was positioned in the lower part of the cavity, the angle between the slag discharge pipe and the cavity was 45°, and the cavity diameter was 300 mm. Under these conditions, the average airflow velocity in the dust extraction pipe reached 8.32 m/s, the maximum negative pressure at the pipe’s mouth was recorded at 1012.38 Pa, and the velocity of the dusty airflow in the cavity remained below 4.38 m/s. Dust capture performance was evaluated through on-site testing in the Taoyuan Coal Mine. The results demonstrated that using the novel device, the dust suppression rates at the slag discharge port, the connection between the device and the drill pipe, and 6 m from the drill hole on the downwind side increased by 92.5%, 88.5%, and 89.1%, respectively. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Detection, Control and Management of Industrial Dust)
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12 pages, 2453 KiB  
Article
Efficacy of Contact Insecticides for the Control of the Larger Grain Borer, Prostephanus truncatus (Horn), on Stored Maize
by Anastasios Panagiotakis, Georgia V. Baliota, Christos I. Rumbos and Christos G. Athanassiou
Agriculture 2023, 13(8), 1502; https://doi.org/10.3390/agriculture13081502 - 27 Jul 2023
Cited by 4 | Viewed by 2040
Abstract
One of the most destructive insect species for stored maize is the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus. Its control is challenging, as it seems to have a natural tolerance to active ingredients that are effective for other stored-product insect species that cause [...] Read more.
One of the most destructive insect species for stored maize is the larger grain borer, Prostephanus truncatus. Its control is challenging, as it seems to have a natural tolerance to active ingredients that are effective for other stored-product insect species that cause infestations in maize. The objective of the present study was to comparatively evaluate a wide range of insecticides that are currently in use in stored product protection for the control of P. truncatus. Specifically, three inert dusts—namely, a kaolin, a zeolite and a diatomaceous earth formulation—and three residual insecticides—i.e., the pyrethroid deltamethrin, the bacterial insecticide spinosad and the juvenile hormone analogue S-Methoprene—were evaluated against adults of P. truncatus. Adult mortality was assessed after 7, 14, 21 and 28 d of exposure, whereas progeny production was measured after an additional interval of 28 d for inert dusts and 65 d for the contact insecticides. Moreover, the number and weight of infested and uninfested kernels per vial was measured. Low mortality levels were recorded for the three inert dusts even for the highest application rate and after 28 d of exposure. Moreover, the inert dusts tested failed to suppress the progeny production of P. truncatus. In contrast, high mortality levels were recorded for deltamethrin and spinosad that exceeded 95% already after 7 d of exposure at the lowest application rate (0.5 ppm). The application of S-Methoprene did not result in high adult mortality rates, irrespective of the application rate and the evaluation interval. Deltamethrin, spinosad and S-Methoprene significantly suppressed progeny production of the species at the doses tested. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Integrated Pest Management in Stored-Product Protection)
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21 pages, 11485 KiB  
Article
Molecular Mechanism Study on the Effect of Microstructural Differences of Octylphenol Polyoxyethylene Ether (OPEO) Surfactants on the Wettability of Anthracite
by Jiajun Li, Guochao Yan, Shaoqi Kong, Xuyang Bai, Gang Li and Jiawei Zhang
Molecules 2023, 28(12), 4748; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules28124748 - 13 Jun 2023
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 1844
Abstract
Inhalable coal dust poses a serious threat to coal mining safety, air quality, and the health of miners. Therefore, the development of efficient dust suppressants is crucial for addressing this issue. This study evaluated the ability of three high-surface-active OPEO-type nonionic surfactants (OP4, [...] Read more.
Inhalable coal dust poses a serious threat to coal mining safety, air quality, and the health of miners. Therefore, the development of efficient dust suppressants is crucial for addressing this issue. This study evaluated the ability of three high-surface-active OPEO-type nonionic surfactants (OP4, OP9, and OP13) to improve the wetting properties of anthracite via extensive experiments and a molecular simulation and determined the micro-mechanism of different wetting properties. The surface tension results show that OP4 has the lowest surface tension (27.182 mN/m). Contact angle tests and wetting kinetics models suggest that OP4 exhibits the strongest wetting improvement ability on raw coal with the smallest contact angle (20.1°) and the fastest wetting rate. In addition, FTIR and XPS experimental results also reveal that OP4-treated coal surfaces introduce the most hydrophilic elements and groups. UV spectroscopy testing shows that OP4 has the highest adsorption capacity on the coal surface, reaching 133.45 mg/g. The surfactant is adsorbed on the surface and pores of anthracite, while the strong adsorption ability of OP4 results in the least amount of N2 adsorption (8.408 cm3/g) but the largest specific surface area (1.673 m2/g). In addition, the filling behavior and aggregation behavior of surfactants on the anthracite coal surface were observed using SEM. The MD simulation results indicate that OPEO reagents with overly long hydrophilic chains would produce spatial effects on the coal surface. Under the influence of the π-π interaction between the hydrophobic benzene ring and the coal surface, OPEO reagents with fewer ethylene oxide quantities are more prone to adsorb onto the coal surface. Therefore, after the adsorption of OP4, both the polarity and the water molecule adhesion ability of the coal surface are greatly enhanced, which helps to suppress dust production. These results provide important references and a foundation for future designs of efficient compound dust suppressant systems. Full article
(This article belongs to the Topic Energy Extraction and Processing Science)
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27 pages, 4835 KiB  
Article
Effectiveness of Protein and Polysaccharide Biopolymers as Dust Suppressants on Mine Soils: Results from Wind Tunnel and Penetrometer Testing
by Johannes L. Sieger, Bernd G. Lottermoser and Justus Freer
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(7), 4158; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13074158 - 24 Mar 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2114
Abstract
For the dust control of barren mine soils, protein and polysaccharide biopolymers have recently shown potential as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional dust suppressants (e.g., salt brines or petroleum-based products). However, laboratory studies that determine suitable application parameters are required for large-scale field [...] Read more.
For the dust control of barren mine soils, protein and polysaccharide biopolymers have recently shown potential as environmentally friendly alternatives to conventional dust suppressants (e.g., salt brines or petroleum-based products). However, laboratory studies that determine suitable application parameters are required for large-scale field trials. This study performed wind tunnel and pocket penetrometer tests to investigate the wind erosion and penetration resistance of treatments with different biopolymer types, concentrations (wt%), and application rates (L/m2) on two mine soils. The results demonstrate that all treatments significantly enhanced the wind erosion resistance of both tested soil types, with the biopolymer type, concentration, and application rate having a significant effect. Depending on the biopolymer type and application parameter, the wind-induced soil loss ranged from 0.86 to 423.9 g/m2 (Control = 2645.0 g/m2) for medium-grained sand and from 0.3 to 225 g/m2 (Control = 26,177.0 g/m2) for fine-grained silica sand, with the soil loss reducing as concentrations increase, until it reached a plateau concentration. For a similar performance, the tested proteins (wheat and fava bean protein) must be applied at higher concentrations than those of the polysaccharides (xanthan gum, corn starch, and carboxymethylcellulose). Spearman rank correlation revealed a moderate-to-strong negative correlation between soil loss (g/m2) and penetration resistance (N), rendering the pocket penetrometer a rapid, low-cost, and indirect method for evaluating potential dust suppressants. This research contributes to evaluating biopolymers as alternatives to traditional dust suppressants for controlling dust emissions on barren surfaces. Biopolymers are biodegradable and can be sourced regionally at a relatively low cost, reducing the environmental impact and expenses associated with dust suppression. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Earth Sciences)
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37 pages, 12426 KiB  
Article
Evaluation of Protein and Polysaccharide Biopolymers as Dust Suppressants on Mine Soils: Laboratory Experiments
by Johannes L. Sieger, Bernd G. Lottermoser and Justus Freer
Appl. Sci. 2023, 13(2), 1010; https://doi.org/10.3390/app13021010 - 11 Jan 2023
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 3514
Abstract
Polysaccharide biopolymers have been shown to be alternatives to established dust suppressants. This study investigates the potential of 14 polysaccharides and proteins from diverse botanical (corn, pea, wheat, cellulose, potato, and fava bean) and animal (pig, chicken, and cow) sources as dust suppressants [...] Read more.
Polysaccharide biopolymers have been shown to be alternatives to established dust suppressants. This study investigates the potential of 14 polysaccharides and proteins from diverse botanical (corn, pea, wheat, cellulose, potato, and fava bean) and animal (pig, chicken, and cow) sources as dust suppressants on two mine soils (medium-grained sand and fine-grained silica sand). Results of laboratory tests demonstrate that the type of biopolymer and its concentration have a significant effect on penetration resistance, moisture retention, and crust thickness. Depending on biopolymer type, concentration, and soil type, moisture retention range from 1.0 to 19.5 wt% (control, Cmedium-gr. = 2.5 and Cfine-gr. = 6.9 wt%), penetration resistance from 1.7 to 37.9 N (Cmedium-gr. = 1.5 and Cfine-gr. = 1.7 N), and crust thickness from 0.3 to 18.1 mm (Cmedium-gr. and Cfine-gr. = 0 mm). Proteins form crusts with penetration resistances similar to polysaccharides but mainly require higher concentrations than polysaccharides. Based on the test results, xanthan gum, carboxymethyl cellulose, corn starch, fava bean protein concentrate, and plasma protein exhibit the highest potential to act as dust suppressants. This research contributes to evaluating biopolymers as environmentally friendly soil amendments that may be used to control fugitive dust emissions from large, barren surfaces. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Soil Erosion: Dust Control and Sand Stabilization, Volume II)
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16 pages, 1904 KiB  
Article
Trifuhalol A Suppresses Allergic Inflammation through Dual Inhibition of TAK1 and MK2 Mediated by IgE and IL-33
by Sim-Kyu Bong, No-June Park, Sang Heon Lee, Jin Woo Lee, Aaron Taehwan Kim, Xiaoyong Liu, Sang Moo Kim, Min Hye Yang, Yong Kee Kim and Su-Nam Kim
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2022, 23(17), 10163; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms231710163 - 5 Sep 2022
Cited by 11 | Viewed by 2618
Abstract
The activation and degranulation of immune cells play a pivotal role in allergic inflammation, a pathological condition that includes anaphylaxis, pruritus, and allergic march-related diseases. In this study, trifuhalol A, a phlorotannin isolated from Agarum cribrosum, inhibited the degranulation of immune cells [...] Read more.
The activation and degranulation of immune cells play a pivotal role in allergic inflammation, a pathological condition that includes anaphylaxis, pruritus, and allergic march-related diseases. In this study, trifuhalol A, a phlorotannin isolated from Agarum cribrosum, inhibited the degranulation of immune cells and the biosynthesis of IL-33 and IgE in differentiated B cells and keratinocytes, respectively. Additionally, trifuhalol A suppressed the IL-33 and IgE-mediated activation of RBL-2H3 cells through the regulation of the TAK1 and MK2 pathways. Hence, the effect of trifuhalol A on allergic inflammation was evaluated using a Compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis mouse model and a house dust mite (HDM)-induced atopic dermatitis (AD) mouse model. Trifuhalol A alleviated anaphylactic death and pruritus, which appeared as an early-phase reaction to allergic inflammation in the Compound 48/80-induced systemic anaphylaxis model. In addition, trifuhalol A improved symptoms such as itching, edema, erythema, and hyperkeratinization in HDM-induced AD mice as a late-phase reaction. Moreover, the expression of IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin, inflammatory cytokines secreted from activated keratinocytes, was significantly reduced by trifuhalol A administration, resulting in the reduced infiltration of immune cells into the skin and a reduction in the blood levels of IgE and IL-4. In summarizing the above results, these results confirm that trifuhalol A is a potential therapeutic candidate for the regulation of allergic inflammation. Full article
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13 pages, 1828 KiB  
Article
Comprehensive Evaluation of Dust Retention and Metal Accumulation by the Leaves of Roadside Plants in Hangzhou among Seasons
by Ning Dang, Handan Zhang, Haimei Li, Mir Md Abdus Salam and Guangcai Chen
Forests 2022, 13(8), 1290; https://doi.org/10.3390/f13081290 - 14 Aug 2022
Cited by 13 | Viewed by 4671
Abstract
The auto exhaust and dust derived from increased traffic volumes have led to an increasing level of atmospheric particulates in urban areas, which have become a primary pollutant of ambient air in urban zones. Roadside plants can effectively retain atmospheric particulates and clean [...] Read more.
The auto exhaust and dust derived from increased traffic volumes have led to an increasing level of atmospheric particulates in urban areas, which have become a primary pollutant of ambient air in urban zones. Roadside plants can effectively retain atmospheric particulates and clean the urban air via foliar capture of road dust. Five common roadside plants in Hangzhou were selected to evaluate their capacity for the retention of particulate matter (PM) and the accumulation of metals. The results showed that the PM retention capacity of the different plants varied greatly, as was the case with Loropetalum chinense var. rubrum Yieh, Osmanthus fragrans (Thunb.) Loureiro, Pittosporum tobira (Thunb.) Ait, Photinia × fraseri Dress and Cinnamomum camphora (L.) Presl. In addition, the amounts of particles retained by the plants varied among seasons, with the highest retention in winter (12.19 g·m−2) and the lowest retention in spring (6.89 g·m−2). The solids on the leaf surface were mainly irregular particles, such as mineral fragments, soot aggregates, and fly ash particles. Meanwhile, these plant species can effectively accumulate heavy metals that attached to the particles. The leaves of the five tree species had the highest amounts of copper (Cu) and the lowest amounts of cadmium (Cd). Among species, L. chinense and P. tobira had the strongest comprehensive capacity to adsorb particulate matter and heavy metals. The results shed light on the rational selection of road plants, both as ornaments and to purify air via dust suppression in subtropical zones. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Urban Forestry)
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