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Search Results (4)

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Keywords = degree of methylesterification (DM)

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9 pages, 703 KB  
Article
Production of Pectic Oligosaccharides from Citrus Peel via Steam Explosion
by Toni-Ann Martorano, Kyle L. Ferguson, Randall G. Cameron, Wei Zhao, Arland T. Hotchkiss, Hoa K. Chau and Christina Dorado
Foods 2024, 13(23), 3738; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods13233738 - 22 Nov 2024
Cited by 5 | Viewed by 2347
Abstract
Steam explosion (STEX) of peel from commercially juice-extracted oranges was used to convert peel pectin into pectic oligosaccharides (POSs). Surprisingly uniform populations, based on the polydispersity index (PDI; weight-average molecular weight (Mw)/number-average molecular weight (Mn)) of POSs, were obtained [...] Read more.
Steam explosion (STEX) of peel from commercially juice-extracted oranges was used to convert peel pectin into pectic oligosaccharides (POSs). Surprisingly uniform populations, based on the polydispersity index (PDI; weight-average molecular weight (Mw)/number-average molecular weight (Mn)) of POSs, were obtained from the Hamlin and Valencia varieties of Citrus sinensis. The POSs from Hamlin and Valencia peel had PDI values of (1.23 ± 0.01, 1.24 ± 0.1), respectively. The Mw values for these samples were 14.9 ± 0.2 kDa for Hamlin, and 14.5 ± 0.1 kDa for Valencia, respectively. The degree of methyl-esterification (DM) was 69.64 ± 3.18 for Hamlin and 65.51 ± 1.61 for Valencia. The composition of the recovered POSs was dominated by galacturonic acid, ranging from 89.1% to 99.6% of the major pectic sugars. Only the Hamlin sample had a meaningful amount of rhamnose present, indicating the presence of an RG I domain. Even so, the Hamlin sample’s degree of branching (DBr) was very low (2.95). Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Valorization and Utilization of Plant-Based Food Wastes and By-Products: Recent Trends, Technologies and Sustainability Challenges)
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24 pages, 4103 KB  
Article
Fabrication and Characterization of Eco-Friendly Polyelectrolyte Bilayer Films Based on Chitosan and Different Types of Edible Citrus Pectin
by Xincheng Fu, Xia Chang, Zemin Ding, Haishan Xu, Hui Kong, Fei Chen, Rongrong Wang, Yang Shan and Shenghua Ding
Foods 2022, 11(21), 3536; https://doi.org/10.3390/foods11213536 - 7 Nov 2022
Cited by 34 | Viewed by 4473
Abstract
The eco-friendly polyelectrolyte bilayer films were prepared by layer-by-layer (LBL) casting method using chitosan (CS) and four types of edible citrus pectin as film substrates. The results showed that the polyelectrolyte bilayer films exhibited excellent comprehensive properties. Furthermore, the interaction between CS and [...] Read more.
The eco-friendly polyelectrolyte bilayer films were prepared by layer-by-layer (LBL) casting method using chitosan (CS) and four types of edible citrus pectin as film substrates. The results showed that the polyelectrolyte bilayer films exhibited excellent comprehensive properties. Furthermore, the interaction between CS and pectin was closely related to the degree of methyl-esterification (DM), molecular weight (Mw), and zeta potential of pectin. The low DM, Mw, and high zeta potential of the low methyl-esterified pectin (LM) resulted in a denser internal structure of the bilayer film, stronger UV shielding performance, and stronger gas barrier ability. The high DM and Mw of the high methyl-esterified pectin (HM) endow the bilayer film with stronger mechanical properties, thermal stability, and antifogging property. The microstructural and spectroscopic analysis showed that there are hydrogen bonds and electrostatic interactions between the layers. Overall, the developed CS-pectin polyelectrolyte bilayer films provided potential applications for food bioactive packaging. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Food Packaging: Biodegradable, Active and Intelligent)
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9 pages, 1609 KB  
Article
Comparison of Analytical Methods for Determining Methylesterification and Acetylation of Pectin
by Yang Yu, Yuwen Wang, Xianbin Liu, Ying Liu, Li Ji, Yifa Zhou and Lin Sun
Appl. Sci. 2021, 11(10), 4461; https://doi.org/10.3390/app11104461 - 14 May 2021
Cited by 45 | Viewed by 12011
Abstract
The esterification of galacturonic acid with methanol and/or acetic acid is important for the structural analysis of pectin. Although several methods have been reported for determining the degree of methylesterification (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the present study compares and optimizes three methods (titration, [...] Read more.
The esterification of galacturonic acid with methanol and/or acetic acid is important for the structural analysis of pectin. Although several methods have been reported for determining the degree of methylesterification (DM) and acetylation (DAc), the present study compares and optimizes three methods (titration, FT-IR and HPLC) using commercial citrus pectin (CP). Our results showed that the DM of CP was 47.0%, 47.6% and 48.0% as determined by titration, FT-IR and HPLC, respectively, suggesting that DM determination is nearly identical using any of these methods. However, the titration approach requires more sample than the other two. HPLC showed that the DAc of CP was 1.6%, an approach that can be used to determine the DM and DAc of pectin simultaneously. Here, we simplified and optimized sample treatment for HPLC analysis and compared it with the reported literature. Our results provide useful information for choosing appropriate methods for determining the DM and DAc of pectin based on various sample properties and experimental conditions. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Polysaccharides: From Extraction to Applications)
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19 pages, 1772 KB  
Review
The Multifaceted Role of Pectin Methylesterase Inhibitors (PMEIs)
by Alexandra Wormit and Björn Usadel
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2018, 19(10), 2878; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms19102878 - 21 Sep 2018
Cited by 220 | Viewed by 22828
Abstract
Plant cell walls are complex and dynamic structures that play important roles in growth and development, as well as in response to stresses. Pectin is a major polysaccharide of cell walls rich in galacturonic acid (GalA). Homogalacturonan (HG) is considered the most abundant [...] Read more.
Plant cell walls are complex and dynamic structures that play important roles in growth and development, as well as in response to stresses. Pectin is a major polysaccharide of cell walls rich in galacturonic acid (GalA). Homogalacturonan (HG) is considered the most abundant pectic polymer in plant cell walls and is partially methylesterified at the C6 atom of galacturonic acid. Its degree (and pattern) of methylation (DM) has been shown to affect biomechanical properties of the cell wall by making pectin susceptible for enzymatic de-polymerization and enabling gel formation. Pectin methylesterases (PMEs) catalyze the removal of methyl-groups from the HG backbone and their activity is modulated by a family of proteinaceous inhibitors known as pectin methylesterase inhibitors (PMEIs). As such, the interplay between PME and PMEI can be considered as a determinant of cell adhesion, cell wall porosity and elasticity, as well as a source of signaling molecules released upon cell wall stress. This review aims to highlight recent updates in our understanding of the PMEI gene family, their regulation and structure, interaction with PMEs, as well as their function in response to stress and during development. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Plant Cell Wall Proteins and Development)
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