1,895 Results Found

Background: Hypertension is a main risk factor for premature death. Although blood pressure is a complex trait, we have shown that the activity of the ATP-generating enzyme creatine kinase (CK) is a significant predictor of blood pressure and of fail...

There is great need for the identification of new, potentially modifiable risk factors for the poor health-related quality of life (HRQoL) and of the excess risk of mortality in dialysis-dependent chronic kidney disease patients. Creatine is an essen...

Background: Rising interest in creatine’s role in sperm energy metabolism highlights its potential to enhance male fertility, with semen biomarkers providing insights into its impact on sperm function and fertility. Methods: Fifteen volunteers (mean...

Creatine is a naturally occurring compound, functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase to play a quintessential role in both cellular energy provision and intracellular energy shuttling. An extensive body of literature solidifies the plethora of...

Creatine monohydrate has become one of the most popular ergogenic sport supplements used today. It is a nonessential dietary compound that is both endogenously synthesized and naturally ingested through diet. Creatine ingested through supplementation...

Although creatine has been mostly studied as an ergogenic aid for exercise, training, and sport, several health and potential therapeutic benefits have been reported. This is because creatine plays a critical role in cellular metabolism, particularly...

It has been well-established that creatine monohydrate (CrM) increases whole body creatine retention and muscle creatine content [...]

Background: Creatine monohydrate (CrM) has been consistently reported to increase muscle creatine content and improve high-intensity exercise capacity. However, a number of different forms of creatine have been purported to be more efficacious than C...

Background: Research has consistently shown that creatine monohydrate supplementation is generally safe and well-tolerated, with no clinically significant side effects. However, anecdotal claims about adverse effects persist. In 2021, the global init...

Background Creatine monohydrate (CrM) has been proven to be the most effective form of creatine and is considered the gold standard [...]

Creatine is a key player in heart contraction and energy metabolism. Creatine supplementation (throughout the paper, only supplementation with creatine monohydrate will be reviewed, as this is by far the most used and best-known way of supplementing...

Creatine is an organic compound, consumed exogenously in the diet and synthesized endogenously via an intricate inter-organ process. Functioning in conjunction with creatine kinase, creatine has long been known for its pivotal role in cellular energy...

Creatine monohydrate supplementation is widely used by athletes in high-intensity, power-based sports due to its ability to enhance short-term performance by increasing intramuscular phosphocreatine (PCr) stores, which aid in ATP resynthesis during i...

Background: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized study was performed to evaluate the effect of oral creatine pyruvate (Cr-Pyr) and creatine citrate (Cr-Cit) supplementation on exercise performance in healthy young athletes. Methods: Perform...

Background: Creatine, widely recognized for its benefits in sports nutrition, is being explored in food applications to diversify its use and develop functional products. Here, we present preliminary data as part of The KreaFood Project, a research a...

Male fertility has been declining globally over the past several decades, advancing from a personal issue to a public health problem. Beyond any doubt, a reduction in fertility (often characterized by low sperm count or motility) can severely threate...

Post-viral fatigue syndrome (PVFS) is a widespread chronic neurological disease with no definite etiological factor(s), no actual diagnostic test, and no approved pharmacological treatment, therapy, or cure. Among other features, PVFS could be accomp...

Statins prevent cardiovascular diseases, yet their use is limited by the muscle disturbances they cause. Rarely, statin-induced myopathy is autoimmune, but more commonly it is due to direct muscle toxicity. Available evidence suggests that statin-ind...

The literature on creatine biomarkers in various bodily fluids remains limited. The purpose of this review is to explore the available data regarding the presence of molecules considered biomarkers of creatine metabolism—namely creatine, guanid...

Creatine metabolism is an important component of cellular energy homeostasis. Via the creatine kinase circuit, creatine derived from our diet or synthesized endogenously provides spatial and temporal maintenance of intracellular adenosine triphosphat...

Background: The objective of this study was to determine the effects of creatine supplementation on liver biomarkers of oxidative stress in exercise-trained rats. Methods: Forty 90-day-old adult male Wistar rats were assigned to four groups for the e...

Creatine is a broadly used dietary supplement that has been extensively studied for its benefit on the musculoskeletal system. Yet, there is limited knowledge regarding the metabolic regulation of creatine in cells beyond the muscle. New insights con...

Low tissue creatine characterizes many conditions, including neurodegenerative, cardiopulmonary, and metabolic diseases, with a magnitude of creatine shortfall often corresponds well to a disorder’s severity. A non-invasive monitoring of tissue...

Background: Creatine (Cr) plays a crucial role in aging by supporting cognitive function and promoting neuroprotection. Optimizing Cr levels in the aging brain is therefore of significant interest. This study aimed to explore whether hydrogen-rich wa...

Following the success of the Creatine Conference 2022 (International Conference on Creatine in Health and Disease throughout the Lifetime), held in Alpharetta, USA, the Creatine Conference 2025 took place in Munich, Germany, in a hybrid format (onlin...

Post-viral fatigue syndrome, classified as a neurological condition by the WHO (ICD-11 code: 8E49), manifests as persistent fatigue, cognitive difficulties, and post-exertional malaise following viral infections. It shares commonalities with chronic...

Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a leading cause of disability worldwide, and one-third to two-thirds of patients do not reach remission after successive monoaminergic treatments. Impaired brain bioenergetics, including mitochondrial dysfunction an...

Background: Creatine supplementation in women has gained attention for its potential benefits beyond muscle growth, including reproductive health, cognitive health and aging. Women exhibit distinct physiological differences from men, influenced by ho...

We investigated the effects of creatine treatment on jejunal phenotypes in a rat model of oxidative stress induced by acidosis. In particular, the activities of some antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and glu...

Background/Objectives: Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disease characterized by a lack of dystrophin caused by mutations in the DMD gene, and some minor cases are due to decreased levels of dystrophin, leading to muscle weakness and mo...

Depressed mood, which can occur in the context of major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, and other conditions, represents a serious threat to public health and wellness. Conventional treatments are not effective for a significant proportion of...

Background: Public health initiatives seek effective, affordable, and safe adjunctive therapeutics for treating mental health disorders. Preliminary studies have suggested that creatine may function as a nutraceutical agent with antidepressant-like e...

The creatine precursor guanidinoacetate (GAA) was used as a dietary supplement in humans with no adverse events. Nevertheless, it has been suggested that GAA is epileptogenic or toxic to the nervous system. However, increased GAA content in rodents a...

In this study, the oxazine 170 perchlorate (O17)-ethylcellulose (EC) membrane was successfully exploited for the fabrication of creatine- and creatinine-sensing membranes. The sensing membrane exhibited a double layer of O17-EC membrane and a layer o...

Background: Creatine is essential for brain development. UNICORN is an observational study designed to assess creatine levels in preterm infants, examine creatine availability through nutrition in the weeks after preterm birth, and correlate preterm...

Creatine monohydrate is known for its moderate solubility (13 g/L at 25 °C), which limits the feasibility of producing its fast-dissolving forms. Overcoming this limitation is possible through the application of technological approaches, the over...

Background: Sleep deprivation impairs executive function through the disruption of cerebral energy homeostasis. Creatine supplementation may mitigate these effects by enhancing phosphocreatine availability and supporting adenosine triphosphate regene...

A great deal of evidence has been gathered on the use of creatine as an ergogenic supplement. Recent studies show greater benefits when creatine ingestion is performed close in time to training, but few studies tackle the way that circadian rhythms c...

Background: Preclinical data demonstrates that creatine supplementation during pregnancy supports maternal and fetal energy homeostasis through periods of hypoxia, but its use in human pregnancy remains unexplored. This trial aims to determine optima...

Creatine supplementation has been one of the most studied and useful ergogenic nutritional support for athletes to improve performance, strength, and muscular mass. Over time creatine has shown beneficial effects in several human disease conditions....

Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) with multiple structures are formed at the sites where carbonyl groups of reducing sugars bind to free amino groups of proteins through the Maillard reaction. In recent years, it has been highlighted that the ac...

Creatine is an ergogenic compound used by athletes to enhance performance. Supplementation with creatine monohydrate (CM) has been suggested for musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. Until now, little is known about its pharmacokinetic profile....

Background: Creatine is a crucial component of cellular energy metabolism, facilitating ATP regeneration to support high energy demands. While its therapeutic potential, particularly in neuroprotection, is well-recognized, its response to stress cond...

The use of creatine as a dietary supplement is widespread. However, its reported performance benefit has been largely demonstrated in male populations. The aim was to evaluate the effectiveness of creatine supplementation in improving exercise perfor...

Creatine, a naturally occurring compound in mammals, is crucial in energy metabolism, particularly within muscle and brain tissues. While creatine metabolism in cancer has been studied for several decades, emerging studies are beginning to clarify th...

Creatine (Cr) is a ubiquitous molecule that is synthesized mainly in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas. Most of the Cr pool is found in tissues with high-energy demands. Cr enters target cells through a specific symporter called Na⁺/Cl⁻-dependent Cr t...

Background: Elite athletes often use creatine supplements to boost strength and improve body composition. While creatine monohydrate (CrM) is well-established, creatine hydrochloride (CrHCl) has gained attention for its claims of superior effects, es...

Co-ingesting creatine (5 g) with large amounts of glucose (e.g., 95 g) has been shown to enhance creatine and carbohydrate storage in muscle […]

Background: Despite extensive research on creatine, evidence for use among females is understudied. Understanding the effects of creatine metabolism in peri- and post menopause yields important implications for creatine supplementation regarding perf...

Introduction: We described here the annual variations in mean dietary creatine intake from 1999 to 2018 in U.S. children and adults using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) database. Methods: Dietary intake information from ten...