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Search Results (5)

Search Parameters:
Keywords = construction and demolition (C&D) debris

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24 pages, 11433 KB  
Article
IoT- and GIS-Based Environmental Impact Assessment of Construction and Demolition Waste Dump Yards
by Hariharasudhan Chandrasekaran, Suresh Ellappa Subramani, Pachaivannan Partheeban and Madhavan Sridhar
Sustainability 2023, 15(17), 13013; https://doi.org/10.3390/su151713013 - 29 Aug 2023
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4981
Abstract
Globally, construction and demolition wastes (C&DW) are rapidly increasing, occupying 3 billion square yards of land for landfill. In India, C&D debris reaches 150 million tons per year, leading to environmental damage and resource wastage due to poor waste management practices. This study [...] Read more.
Globally, construction and demolition wastes (C&DW) are rapidly increasing, occupying 3 billion square yards of land for landfill. In India, C&D debris reaches 150 million tons per year, leading to environmental damage and resource wastage due to poor waste management practices. This study focuses on environmental impact analysis of air and water quality for selected construction and demolition waste dump yards for Chennai metropolitan city in India for two recycling units with 15 legal dumping yards. The Internet of Things (IoT) and Geographic Information System (GIS) is used to monitor and analyze environmental effect due to C&D waste dump yard. The highest concentrations of CO and CO2 in one dump site were observed at one point, with values of 7.49 ppm and 1656.06 ppm, respectively, and at another point with the lowest values of 2.3 ppm and 619.76 ppm. TDS values ranged from 269.2 mg/L to 1347.66 mg/L, and pH values ranged from 6.4 to 11.8, indicating pollution levels in drinking water. The findings suggest that improved waste management practices are urgently needed, including better regulation and enforcement of waste disposal laws, the establishment of recycling facilities with proper air and water pollution control measures, and public education campaigns for responsible waste disposal. Full article
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21 pages, 7909 KB  
Article
Automatic Volume Calculation and Mapping of Construction and Demolition Debris Using Drones, Deep Learning, and GIS
by Yuhan Jiang, Yilei Huang, Jingkuang Liu, Dapeng Li, Shuiyuan Li, Weijing Nie and In-Hun Chung
Drones 2022, 6(10), 279; https://doi.org/10.3390/drones6100279 - 27 Sep 2022
Cited by 47 | Viewed by 7516
Abstract
This paper presents a time- and cost-efficient method for the management of construction and demolition (C&D) debris at construction sites, demolition jobsites, and illegal C&D waste dumping sites. The developed method integrates various drone, deep learning, and geographic information system (GIS) technologies, including [...] Read more.
This paper presents a time- and cost-efficient method for the management of construction and demolition (C&D) debris at construction sites, demolition jobsites, and illegal C&D waste dumping sites. The developed method integrates various drone, deep learning, and geographic information system (GIS) technologies, including C&D debris drone scanning, 3D reconstruction with structure from motion (SfM), image segmentation with fully convolutional network (FCN), and C&D debris information management with georeferenced 2D and 3D as-built. Experiments and parameter analysis led us to conclude that (1) drone photogrammetry using top- and side-view images is effective in the 3D reconstruction of C&D debris (stockpiles); (2) FCNs are effective in C&D debris extraction with point cloud-generated RGB orthoimages with a high intersection over union (IoU) value of 0.9 for concrete debris; and (3) using FCN-generated pixelwise label images, point cloud-converted elevation data for projected area, and volume measurements of C&D debris is both robust and accurate. The developed automatic method provides quantitative and geographic information to support city governments in intelligent information management of C&D debris. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Application of UAS in Construction)
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21 pages, 844 KB  
Article
An Analysis of the Impact of the Circular Economy Application on Construction and Demolition Waste in the United States of America
by Namho Cho, Mounir El Asmar and Mohammad Aldaaja
Sustainability 2022, 14(16), 10034; https://doi.org/10.3390/su141610034 - 13 Aug 2022
Cited by 36 | Viewed by 5409
Abstract
The built environment is accountable for a substantial share of global waste production. Construction and demolition (C&D) debris requires significant landfill areas and costs billions of USD. A circular economy (CE) is a business model that promotes the efficient use of materials to [...] Read more.
The built environment is accountable for a substantial share of global waste production. Construction and demolition (C&D) debris requires significant landfill areas and costs billions of USD. A circular economy (CE) is a business model that promotes the efficient use of materials to minimize waste generation and raw material consumption. The success of a CE model can be directly linked to the economic impact for each of the business participants. This study applies the concept of CE to estimate the macro-scale financial impact of key entities that contribute to the unclaimed C&D debris stream in the United States of America (U.S.). This study identifies three recycling steam entities: waste generators, recyclers, and end-users. The result shows that waste generators can save USD 6.5 billion by recycling in comparison to sending the current waste materials to landfills. This study could not find the estimated economic benefit for recyclers, but reasonable profit should be generated for them to sustain the C&D recycling industry. Lastly, end-users benefit by an estimated USD 34 billion, which can be achieved based on the condition of high-value recycling materials. The contribution of this paper is analyzing the macro-scale impact of CE on both business owners and consumers and showing how the impact on consumers cannot be neglected. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Energy and Buildings—from Cradle to Grave)
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31 pages, 21032 KB  
Review
Mortars with Recycled Aggregates from Building-Related Processes: A ‘Four-Step’ Methodological Proposal for a Review
by Federica Vitale and Maurizio Nicolella
Sustainability 2021, 13(5), 2756; https://doi.org/10.3390/su13052756 - 4 Mar 2021
Cited by 8 | Viewed by 3073
Abstract
Because the production of aggregates for mortar and concrete is no longer sustainable, many attempts have been made to replace natural aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregates (RA) sourced from factories, recycling centers, and human activities such as construction and demolition works (C&D). This [...] Read more.
Because the production of aggregates for mortar and concrete is no longer sustainable, many attempts have been made to replace natural aggregates (NA) with recycled aggregates (RA) sourced from factories, recycling centers, and human activities such as construction and demolition works (C&D). This article reviews papers concerning mortars with fine RA from C&D debris, and from the by-products of the manufacturing and recycling processes of building materials. A four-step methodology based on searching, screening, clustering, and summarizing was proposed. The clustering variables were the type of aggregate, mix design parameters, tested properties, patents, and availability on the market. The number and the type of the clustering variables of each paper were analysed and compared. The results showed that the mortars were mainly characterized through their physical and mechanical properties, whereas few durability and thermal analyses were carried out. Moreover, few fine RA were sourced from the production waste of construction materials. Finally, there were no patents or products available on the market. The outcomes presented in this paper underlined the research trends that are useful to improve the knowledge on the suitability of fine RA from building-related processes in mortars. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Buildings and Infrastructures Management: Models Strategies and Evaluation Tools)
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15 pages, 3420 KB  
Article
The Influence of Waste Composition on Landfill Gas Generation in a Pilot-Scale Lysimeter
by Woojin Chung, Sukyoung Jung and Soonwoong Chang
Appl. Sci. 2019, 9(21), 4677; https://doi.org/10.3390/app9214677 - 2 Nov 2019
Cited by 16 | Viewed by 4003
Abstract
The Sudokwon landfill site in Korea, is one of the largest landfill sites in the world, and consists of a first landfill site and second landfill site. The second landfill site generates 3–30 times more H2S than that of the first [...] Read more.
The Sudokwon landfill site in Korea, is one of the largest landfill sites in the world, and consists of a first landfill site and second landfill site. The second landfill site generates 3–30 times more H2S than that of the first landfill site. However, the cause of the increase in H2S has not been identified. In this study, the main causes of H2S concentration increase were investigated in the second landfill site in the Sudokwon landfill site. We classified wastes at the Sudokwon landfill site into seven types including Construction and demolition (C&D) debris waste. A lysimeter reactor was designed as a similar environment to the Sudokwon landfill site for simulation. In addition, the experiment was conducted under the same conditions. Three components and elements were analyzed to identify the composition of waste in the landfill site. Leachate was analyzed through a chemical oxygen demand and SO42− standard method. For landfill gas, a gas analyzer was used. The trend in the generation of leachate and landfill gas depending on waste composition at the landfill site was observed and the cause of the increase in H2S was examined. As a result, landfilling of C&D debris waste is recommended as a single landfill. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Applied Physics General)
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