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Keywords = confined jet mixing reactor

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14 pages, 3803 KB  
Article
Preparation and Characterization of Multielement Composite Oxide Nanomaterials Containing Ce, Zr, Y, and Yb via Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis
by Qingyun Li, Zihua Wang and Xuezhong Wang
Micromachines 2024, 15(1), 154; https://doi.org/10.3390/mi15010154 - 20 Jan 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 2452
Abstract
The synthesis of multielement composite oxide nanomaterials containing Ce, Zr, Y, and Yb was investigated using a micro confined jet mixer reactor operated in continuous mode under supercritical water conditions. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using ICP-AES, SEM-EDS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and [...] Read more.
The synthesis of multielement composite oxide nanomaterials containing Ce, Zr, Y, and Yb was investigated using a micro confined jet mixer reactor operated in continuous mode under supercritical water conditions. The obtained nanoparticles were characterized using ICP-AES, SEM-EDS, FTIR, Raman spectroscopy, XRD, and TEM. All samples exhibited a uniform particle shape and a narrow particle size distribution. An analysis of the d-spacing results using selected electron area diffraction (SAED) patterns confirmed the production of cubic-phase crystals. A BET test was employed to determine the specific surface area of the prepared nanoparticles. OSC and TPR techniques were utilized to characterize the oxygen storage capacity and reduction performance of the obtained samples, with an analysis conducted to determine how the different proportions of elements affected the performance of multielement mixed oxides. The ionic conductivity of multielement composite oxide was measured using alternating current impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and the impact of Y, Ce, and Yb on the electrolyte material’s ionic conductivity was analyzed. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Functional Materials and Microdevices)
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17 pages, 6118 KB  
Article
CFD–PBM Simulation for Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis of Zirconia Nanoparticles in a Confined Impinging Jet Reactor
by Qingyun Li, Zihua Wang and Xuezhong Wang
Materials 2023, 16(9), 3421; https://doi.org/10.3390/ma16093421 - 27 Apr 2023
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 3313
Abstract
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and population balance models (PBM) were coupled together for the first time to simulate the synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles in a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) system with a self-designed confined impinging jet mixing (CJM) reactor. The hydrodynamic and [...] Read more.
Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) and population balance models (PBM) were coupled together for the first time to simulate the synthesis of zirconia nanoparticles in a continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis (CHFS) system with a self-designed confined impinging jet mixing (CJM) reactor. The hydrodynamic and thermodynamic behaviors within the CJM reactor strongly influenced the formation of the ZrO2 nanoparticles. Crucial parameters, such as velocities, temperatures, mixing conditions, and reaction rates, were analyzed under various supercritical conditions. Temperature and velocity measurements as functions of distance were also investigated. Normal particle size distribution (PSD) patterns were observed in all cases. The mean particle sizes in this study were calculated and compared using PBM aggregation analysis. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Advanced Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology)
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15 pages, 5039 KB  
Article
Continuous Hydrothermal Flow Synthesis and Characterization of ZrO2 Nanoparticles Doped with CeO2 in Supercritical Water
by Qingyun Li, Lingyu Liu, Zihua Wang and Xuezhong Wang
Nanomaterials 2022, 12(4), 668; https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12040668 - 17 Feb 2022
Cited by 22 | Viewed by 5096
Abstract
A confined jet mixing reactor operated in continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis was investigated for the synthesis of CeO2-ZrO2 (CZ) nanoparticles. The obtained ultrafine powders were characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Fourier [...] Read more.
A confined jet mixing reactor operated in continuous hydrothermal flow synthesis was investigated for the synthesis of CeO2-ZrO2 (CZ) nanoparticles. The obtained ultrafine powders were characterized using scanning electron microscopy–energy dispersive spectrometry (SEM-EDS), inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) coupled with selected area electron diffraction (SAED), a BET (Brunauer-Emmett-Teller)-specific surface area test and pore analysis, oxygen storage capacity (OSC) test, and a H2 temperature programmed reduction (H2-TPR) test. The XRD results show that all samples were composed of high-purity cubic CZ nanoparticles. High resolution transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analysis showed that CZ nanoparticles with uniform size and shape distributions were obtained in this investigation. The d-spacing values, determined based on the TEM-selected area electron diffraction (SAED) patterns, were in good agreements with the reference data. BET results showed that the prepared CZ samples had large specific surface areas. Pore volume and size distribution were obtained by pore analysis. Oxygen pulse adsorption technology was used to test the oxygen storage capacity of the sample. The redox capacity of the CZ material was determined by a H2 temperature-programmed reduction test. Full article
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14 pages, 2106 KB  
Article
Large Eddy Simulations of Reactive Mixing in Jet Reactors of Varied Geometry and Size
by Krzysztof Wojtas, Wojciech Orciuch and Łukasz Makowski
Processes 2020, 8(9), 1101; https://doi.org/10.3390/pr8091101 - 4 Sep 2020
Cited by 7 | Viewed by 3294
Abstract
We applied large eddy simulation (LES) to predict the course of reactive mixing carried out in confined impinging jet reactors (CIJR). The reactive mixing process was studied in a wide range of flow rates both experimentally and numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). [...] Read more.
We applied large eddy simulation (LES) to predict the course of reactive mixing carried out in confined impinging jet reactors (CIJR). The reactive mixing process was studied in a wide range of flow rates both experimentally and numerically using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). We compared several different reactor geometries made in different sizes in terms of both reaction yields and mixing efficiency. Our LES model predictions were validated using experimental data for the tracer concentration distribution and fast parallel chemical test reactions, and compared with the k-ε model supplemented with the turbulent mixer model. We found that the mixing efficiency was not affected by the flow rate only at the highest tested Reynolds numbers. The experimental results and LES predictions were found to be in good agreement for all reactor geometries and operating conditions, while the k-ε model well predicted the trend of changes. The CFD method used, i.e., the modeling approach using closure hypothesis, was positively validated as a useful tool in reactor design. This method allowed us to distinguish the best reactors in terms of mixing efficiency (T-mixer III and V-mixer III) and could provide insights for scale-up and application in different processes. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Advances in the Chemical Mixing Process)
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