Search Results (1,609)

Rapid urbanization and mega-events have reshaped land use in Beijing’s Yanqing District, making post-event balance between ecological protection and urban development a critical challenge for territorial spatial planning. This study analyzes land use evolution from 2015 to 2025, simulates 2035 patterns under natural development (ND), ecological protection (EP), and urban development (UD) using the PLUS model (Kappa = 0.91, OA = 0.95), and constructs an Ecological Conversion Direction Index (ECDI) to characterize the net direction of ecological quality change. Results show forest and construction land increased (+40.17 km²; +14.83 km²), grassland declined sharply (−38.23 km², −36.47%), cropland decreased (−25.36 km², −5.17%), and water expanded (+8.59 km², +62.38%). The ECDI remained positive (0.313 to 0.178) but weakened post-event. The driving mechanism showed a trend of transition from “event-response” toward “ecological constraint”—the contribution of distance to landmarks/venues declined substantially for most land types, while NDVI emerged as a prominent predictor negatively associated with construction land (18.24%) and positively associated with forest quality improvement (17.55%). The EP scenario was identified as optimal, reducing construction land by 8.05 km² to 98.67 km² while increasing forest to 1388.57 km², effectively safeguarding both the ecological baseline and cropland redline. We recommend adopting EP, strengthening the construction land reclamation rate, and coordinating the three control lines. These findings provide evidence-based policy support for reconciling urban development with ecological conservation in rapidly urbanizing ecological protection areas. Full article

Existing watermarking methods for copyright protection of OpenDRIVE high-definition maps have difficulty balancing robustness and geometric accuracy. This study proposes a geometry-constrained robust watermarking algorithm that exploits the parametric representation of OpenDRIVE. From a symmetry perspective, the signed curvature–length feature used by the geometric carriers is invariant under translation, rotation, and ideal positive uniform scaling. This transformation invariance contributes to stable watermark extraction when the map’s global position, orientation, or scale is changed. A multidimensional carrier pool comprising geometric shapes and road attributes is constructed, and absolute quantization index modulation enables orthogonally decoupled embedding across carrier types. Levenberg–Marquardt optimization and topology-aware chain correction are further used to preserve geometric continuity and topological consistency. Experiments show that the algorithm maintains visual imperceptibility and file-size stability while remaining robust to geometric transformations, cropping, and format sanitization. Scenario simulations conducted in esmini revealed no evident degradation of road smoothness in the test scenarios defined in this study, indicating that the algorithm satisfied the map usability criteria under the experimental conditions. Full article

Rosa canina processing generates substantial residual biomass, including pomace, seed cake, and peel-associated fractions, underexploited despite high contents of vitamin C, fibre, phenolics, carotenoids, and seed lipids. This review critically synthesizes evidence on rosehip processing-residue composition, compares conventional and emerging extraction technologies, and evaluates validated food application pathways for waste-derived ingredients. Literature screening was combined with bibliometric term co-occurrence analysis to map the field and organize evidence into composition, extraction, application, and translation themes. The data show that rosehip pomace is a fibre- and polyphenol-rich stream suitable for drying, milling, and cereal-based foods, while seed-derived residues better support lipid recovery and secondary phenolic extraction. Ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction offer the best laboratory-scale phenolic recovery from solid residues, whereas supercritical CO₂ extraction remains the most mature option for seed-oil recovery. Application studies indicate that rosehip-derived ingredients can improve antioxidant capacity, nutritional value, and functional positioning in bakery products, fermented dairy systems, meat formulations, and beverages, although texture changes, colour shifts, sedimentation, and flavour balance remain important constraints. Overall, the evidence supports rosehip waste valorisation as a technically feasible circular-economy strategy, but industrial implementation requires standardized raw-material characterization, route-specific mass balances, shelf-life validation, and techno-economic optimization. Full article

Deceptive path planning enables autonomous agents to obscure their true goals from observers by deviating from an expected optimal path. Prior work largely solves full-horizon, end-to-end optimization for single agents, so planning complexity grows with the path length and size of the environment, and adaptation en route requires a new optimization. We propose a unified framework for deceptive path planning onboard the agent, computing over short-horizon candidate paths within a receding-horizon loop. The method processes an agent’s position sensor information and develops a policy for the next trajectory plan. By parameterizing a user-defined cost that captures optimal planning and deception (and optionally includes constraints, trajectory smoothness, and coupling terms between agents), a Boltzmann framework yields stochastic policies that balance the tradeoff between optimal paths and deceptive deviation. Policies are updated locally and do not require learning or training. The level of deception and adherence to constraints can be dynamically tuned, enabling online adaptation to changes in goals and constraints. This step-by-step tuning opens the door to new forms of dynamic deception. In the multi-agent case, we develop a joint planner that is also tunable and can be applied as desired among all or subsets of agents. Single- and multi-agent simulation studies demonstrate the flexibility of our approach, maintaining deception while adapting as desired, avoiding the recomputation required by full-horizon methods, and supporting intuitive tuning via a small set of parameters. Full article

The human ankle exhibits complex multiplanar behavior involving plantarflexion, dorsiflexion, inversion, eversion, and coupled orientation changes that are essential for balance and terrain adaptation. This work presents the design, kinematic evaluation, mechanical implementation, and control validation of a transtibial prosthesis based on a parallel robotic mechanism. Three candidate architectures, 3-SPS-1-S, 3-UPU-1-S, and 3-UCU-1-S, were compared through inverse and forward kinematics, orientational workspace, Jacobian conditioning, constructability, and mechatronic-integration criteria. The corresponding workspace coverages were 74.1%, 75.7%, and 72.2%, respectively. The 3-UPU-1-S architecture exhibited a median Jacobian condition number of 12.63, a 95th-percentile value of 20.56, no numerically singular configurations within the evaluated feasible workspace, and the highest VDI-2225 technical score (0.913), supporting its final selection. The selected mechanism was manufactured and integrated into a functional laboratory prototype with distributed ESP32-S3-based electronics, position sensing, inertial measurement, and closed-loop actuation. Experimental periodic tests showed that the decentralized PID controller achieved dominant-axis RMSE values of 3.53° in pitch during dorsiflexion–plantarflexion and 4.61° in roll during inversion–eversion. A revised formal LQRI controller was evaluated separately using the identified actuator-space model. Its nominal closed-loop system was asymptotically stable, with $\max \mathrm{Re}\left(\lambda \right)=-1.6896$, and robustness simulations showed mean-RMSE reductions of approximately 9.4–16.6% relative to PID across the evaluated perturbation scenarios. These results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed 3-UPU-1-S mechanism as an integrated laboratory platform for multiplanar transtibial-prosthesis research while identifying the need for future dynamic load-bearing and user-centered validation. Full article

Conventional Sigmoid-based path generation for autonomous vehicles suffers from inherent central symmetry and limited curvature tunability, which restricts its adaptability to asymmetric driving scenarios and complex boundary matching requirements. On the control side, traditional preview control architectures, predominantly relying on single-point or fixed integer-order weighting strategies, fail to fully capture the continuous trend of the path ahead, and face an inherent trade-off among tracking accuracy, response speed, and ride comfort. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a systematic fractional-order framework covering both reference path generation and lateral trajectory tracking. First, a generalized Sigmoid path function is constructed by replacing the exponential term in the standard Sigmoid form with the two-parameter Mittag–Leffler function. Two independent parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta$ are introduced to realize continuous tuning of path smoothness, morphological asymmetry, heading angle distribution, and curvature profile. Second, an fractional-order accumulation preview tracking controller (FOA-PTC) is designed for vehicle lateral dynamics. By weighting lateral errors at multiple preview positions with fractional-order coefficients, the controller achieves nonlocal spatial fusion of preview information without introducing additional temporal states, and the fractional order $\nu$ enables continuous balancing between far-field trend anticipation and near-field tracking precision. Simulations are carried out based on a nonlinear two-degree-of-freedom vehicle model with the Pacejka Magic Formula tire model, covering both gentle urban lane-change scenarios and sharp low-speed obstacle-avoidance scenarios. Comparative evaluations against five representative baseline control schemes—single-point preview, equal-weight multipoint, linear weighting, exponential weighting, and Gaussian weighting—demonstrate that the proposed FOA-PTC consistently achieves the optimal comprehensive performance in both scenarios. For the sharp-curvature generalized Sigmoid path, it reduces the maximum lateral tracking error by 42.1% (from 0.337 m to 0.195 m) and the root-mean-square error (RMSE) by 54.0% (from 0.176 m to 0.081 m) compared with the single-point preview baseline. For the gentle-curvature lane-change scenario, the corresponding reduction rates are 59.0% and 46.7%, respectively. Further simulation-based validation indicates that the proposed method achieves better robustness performance than baseline controllers within the tested parameter range, and shows acceptable computational overhead for potential embedded deployment. The proposed framework improves the geometric flexibility of path planning and the tracking performance of lateral control, providing a tunable framework with potential for autonomous navigation in complex driving scenarios. Full article

Fruits play a vital role in global agriculture, yet the greenhouse gas (GHG) balance of orchard ecosystems remains poorly constrained due to the lack of integrated assessments of soil organic carbon (SOC) sequestration and non-CO₂ emissions. Given China’s substantial share of global fruit production, resolving this gap is critical for advancing low-carbon agricultural strategies. Here, we provide the first data-driven, system-level quantification of GHG balance in Chinese orchards by explicitly integrating SOC sequestration and nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions within a unified analytical framework. A comprehensive database containing 170 observations of SOC change and 82 observations of N₂O emissions was compiled, and nonlinear relationships between environmental/management drivers and GHG fluxes were captured using random forest models, which showed robust predictive performance (R² = 0.71 and 0.66 for SOC and N₂O, respectively). Organic matter input and SOC content were identified as the most influential predictors for the SOC and N₂O models, respectively. Model simulations estimated that in 2021, Chinese orchards sequestered 4.53 Tg C in the standardized 0–20 cm soil layer, with an average sequestration rate of 0.34 t C ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹, while emitting 89.37 Gg N₂O, corresponding to an emission intensity of 6.76 kg N₂O ha⁻¹. The net GHG balance of Chinese orchards was estimated at 7.78 Tg CO₂-eq, with stone fruit and citrus orchards identified as the main contributors to net positive GHG emissions. Scenario analysis revealed that replacing 20% of mineral nitrogen fertilizer with organic fertilizer could shift the net GHG balance from a source to a sink (–1.03 Tg CO₂-eq), while a 50% substitution scenario could achieve a net carbon sink of up to –14.37 Tg CO₂-eq. These findings redefine the relative roles of SOC sequestration and N₂O mitigation in perennial systems and highlight organic matter management as a pivotal pathway toward carbon neutrality in orchard agriculture. Full article

Post-contingency corrective dispatch restores a feasible AC voltage–current state, but the corrected state is usually not carried forward to responsibility allocation. This paper proposes a matrix state-to-responsibility mapping (MSRM) model that maps the corrected AC state to network use, loss allocation, regional marginal cost, and line-level carbon responsibility indices. The model treats the corrected post-contingency state as a common attribution basis, so feasibility recovery and responsibility assessment are linked within the same state-dependent mapping. Corrective dispatch is formulated in rectangular coordinates as a constrained optimization problem that minimizes generation cost and controllable redispatch amount under current balance, generator output, voltage, and line capacity constraints. The resulting voltage–current solution is used to build generator-side and load-side contribution matrices, from which settlement quantities and line-level responsibility are obtained through a unified matrix sequence. Carbon responsibility is calculated after redispatch from the generator-side traced flow matrix and generator carbon intensity matrix; it is not imposed as a dispatch objective. A feasibility-guided adaptive particle swarm optimization method is adopted to obtain the corrected state. Reported data from a practical 58-bus Taipower 345 kV transmission system are used for validation. In the line outage and generator outage cases, maximum line loading is reduced from 110% to 98.973% and from 103.99% to 98.99%, respectively. The positive carbon responsibility of Line 36 decreases from 91.72 to 88.80 tCO₂/h, whereas that of Line 80 remains nearly unchanged despite wider redispatch. In the two tested contingency cases, feasibility recovery, settlement quantities, total emissions, and line-level responsibility change in different directions after corrective redispatch, indicating that these indices should be evaluated separately under stressed post-contingency operation. Full article

Pressure-dependent pore-volume deformation is a critical but poorly constrained variable in dynamic reserve assessment for ultra-deep fractured-vuggy carbonate reservoirs, where fractures, dissolution pores, and vugs respond differently to effective-stress loading. In this work, a pore-structure-aware evaluation strategy was developed by integrating high-temperature and high-pressure volumetric measurements with data-driven regression. Twelve carbonate core plugs from the Ordovician Yijianfang and Yingshan formations of the Fuman Oilfield were selected to represent matrix-pore, dissolution-pore, fracture-vug, and fracture-dominated pore systems. Stepwise net-pressure experiments were performed under simulated reservoir conditions, and pore-volume compressibility (Cp) was calculated from corrected pore-volume changes. Measured C_p values reveal a distinct stress-sensitive response: C_p declines sharply during the low-net-pressure stage and then tends toward a quasi-stable level as net pressure increases, indicating progressive closure of mechanically compliant fractures, narrow throats, and weakly supported dissolution pores. Although porosity is positively associated with Cp, samples with comparable porosity display markedly different compressibility values, confirming that pore-space geometry and fracture-related compliance must be considered. Eight representative regression algorithms were then compared, using net pressure, porosity, permeability, initial pore volume, surface porosity, temperature, and a pore-structure index as model inputs. To further assess model generalization to completely unseen core plugs, additional core-ID-based leave-one-core-out (LOCO) validation was performed for k-nearest neighbors and AdaBoost. Under this grouped validation, k-nearest neighbors yielded an RMSE of 13.5978 × 10⁻⁴ MPa⁻¹ and an R² of 0.8408, whereas AdaBoost achieved an RMSE of 10.0160 × 10⁻⁴ MPa⁻¹ and an R² of 0.9136, indicating greater cross-core robustness of AdaBoost. Permutation-importance analysis of the split-specific KNN model indicated that net pressure, porosity, surface porosity, and pore-structure index made the largest predictive contributions within that model. Moreover, the predicted normalized Cp values reproduced the experimentally observed decreasing trend with increasing net pressure, supporting the physical consistency of the k-nearest neighbors predictions. The proposed experimental–machine learning framework offers a pressure-dependent method for estimating pore-volume compressibility within the geological and petrophysical domain represented by the investigated Fuman Oilfield cores, and provides more representative inputs for material-balance analysis, dynamic reserve evaluation, and production adjustment. Full article

Oxidative stress and disruption of intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis contributes to dopaminergic neuronal damage in Parkinson’s disease. In this study, the protective effects of Ginkgolide B (GKB) against 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA)-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage were investigated, with particular attention to oxidant-evoked intracellular Ca²⁺ signalling. Cells were pre-treated with GKB (20 µg/mL) for 2 h, followed by exposure to 6-OHDA (200 µM) for 24 h. CCK-8-derived metabolic activity, oxidative stress, cell death, PARP-1, caspase-3, and intracellular Ca²⁺ responses were evaluated using biochemical and fluorescence methods. 6-OHDA decreased CCK-8-derived metabolic activity, GSH, and SOD levels, while increasing MDA, intracellular oxidant-sensitive fluorescence, PI-positive cell ratio, and total PARP-1 and caspase-3 levels. GKB pretreatment significantly attenuated these changes and partially improved cellular redox balance. Furthermore, while 6-OHDA enhanced the H₂O₂-stimulated intracellular Ca²⁺ response, GKB reduced this increase. ACA attenuated the H₂O₂-evoked Ca²⁺ signal, indicating the involvement of an ACA-sensitive Ca²⁺-entry component. However, because ACA is not selective for TRPM2, these pharmacological findings cannot establish a TRPM2-dependent mechanism. The findings demonstrate that GKB reduces 6-OHDA-induced SH-SY5Y cell damage by supporting antioxidant defence, limiting cell death, and attenuating the enhanced oxidant-stimulated Ca²⁺ response. Full article

The hypothalamus is a central regulator of systemic energy balance and glucose homeostasis, yet how type 2 diabetes (T2D) alters its cellular and regulatory landscape remains incompletely understood. Here, we integrated single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) with bulk ATAC-seq to characterize hypothalamic remodeling in an HFD/STZ-induced T2D mouse model. High-resolution snRNA-seq revealed pronounced cell type-specific alterations involving several neuronal subpopulations, including Gal.Nts.Npy, Nxph4.Adcyap1, and Lmx1a.Gpr149.Tcf4 neurons, together with substantial changes in oligodendrocyte-lineage cells. Increased Npy expression was accompanied by greater tissue-level chromatin accessibility at the Npy locus, providing convergent evidence for activation of the hypothalamic Npy regulatory axis. Pseudotime analysis further showed increased representation of a transcriptionally distinct Cntnap2-positive oligodendrocyte-lineage state, together with reduced representation of canonical myelination-associated states. Ligand–receptor analysis predicted reduced signaling across selected neuron–oligodendrocyte interactions and altered communication among glial populations. Collectively, these findings reveal coordinated neuronal, oligodendrocyte-lineage, intercellular signaling, and chromatin-accessibility alterations in the diabetic hypothalamus, and identify the Npy regulatory axis and Cntnap2-positive oligodendrocyte-lineage state as candidate features for further mechanistic investigation. Full article

Urban monitoring in rapidly growing dryland cities is difficult because satellite signals and administrative records capture different aspects of settlement change and can perform differently across land-cover contexts. Mongolia provides a useful case because urban growth is concentrated in Ulaanbaatar while pastoral provinces remain exposed to ecological and livelihood shocks. We integrate MODIS NDVI, CHIRPS-derived SPI_12, a harmonized DMSP-OLS/VIIRS nighttime-light series, and administrative livestock and migration data for 22 spatial units over 2000–2024 (N = 550). A planned Landsat BuiltUp component was tested against Dynamic World for 2016–2024 (N = 39,600). The frozen NDBI > 0 and NDVI < 0.2 rule failed transfer validation (balanced accuracy = 0.474, Kappa = −0.052, F1 = 0.408; bare-to-built false-positive rate = 0.949), and enriched spectral models retained material province-specific errors. No repaired BuiltUp classifier was therefore frozen, and the original UEI, Mismatch, Ulaanbaatar M3, and spatial UEI analyses are not retained as principal evidence. In the retained origin-side panel, lower lagged NDVI anomaly is associated with greater livestock loss (β = −0.0148, p = 0.016), dzud severity with greater loss (β = 0.00454, p = 0.034), and higher prior-year livestock loss with higher standardized registered out-migration pressure (β = 1.113, p < 0.001). Nighttime-light harmonization shows strong level agreement but weaker rank continuity around the sensor transition. The study therefore advances a validation-first multi-source monitoring framework that withdraws unsupported urban composites after a failed measurement gate. Full article

Soil erosion and sediment redistribution in vineyards often exceed tolerable thresholds, but comparative field measurements across regions remain limited because studies use different methods and sampling designs. This study assesses soil redistribution in vineyards using a common field-based approach. Thirteen vineyard sites across Spain, covering contrasting climates, parent materials, soil types, management conditions, and vineyard ages (2–40 years), were surveyed using the Improved Stock Unearthing Method (ISUM). Soil surface changes were measured along systematic transects and combined with site-specific bulk density and vineyard age to estimate soil mobilization rates in t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹. Measured surface changes ranged from −28 to +19 cm, while soil mobilization rates varied considerably among sites. The highest net soil losses were recorded in a young vineyard developed on limestone (−103.3 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) and in a vineyard on marls (−87.7 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹). Other sites showed moderate net erosion (−3.9 to −15.4 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹), whereas positive balances (+7.2 to +17.9 t ha⁻¹ yr⁻¹) were observed in some older or more stable vineyards. Differences among sites suggest that vineyard age and parent material are relevant factors when interpreting erosion magnitude, while management conditions may contribute to the spatial variability of soil redistribution. Spatial maps based directly on ISUM measurements showed marked differences between erosion and deposition areas within individual vineyards, without the use of spatial interpolation. Applying the same ISUM protocol across contrasting vineyard conditions allowed soil redistribution patterns to be compared using a consistent field procedure. The results also showed the large variability that can occur among vineyard systems. Full article

This study uses balanced panel data for 30 provincial-level regions in China from 2012 to 2022 to examine the relationship between agricultural new quality productive forces (ANQPF) and comprehensive rural revitalization (CRR). ANQPF is measured using a multidimensional framework that captures changes in agricultural workers, means of production, and objects of production, while CRR is constructed from 18 indicators after directly overlapping indicators are removed. A supplementary ANQPF index excluding rural disposable income is also used as a sensitivity check. The baseline two-way fixed-effects results show a positive association between ANQPF and CRR (β = 0.2769, SE = 0.0484, p < 0.001), and the positive relationship is preserved across several alternative measurement and sample-processing checks. Bootstrap channel analyses suggest that rural human capital and industrial structure upgrading are plausible pathways linking ANQPF with CRR, while the evidence for agricultural technological innovation is comparatively weaker and specification-sensitive. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that the positive association is stronger in provinces with more developed agricultural organizational conditions, whereas differences related to cultivated-land resource endowment are less consistent. The threshold analysis further identifies a sample-specific nonlinear pattern, which is treated as exploratory. Overall, the findings indicate that agricultural productive-system transformation is positively associated with broader rural revitalization. Full article

Background/Objectives: Elastic resistance bands are widely used in rehabilitation, injury prevention, and athletic conditioning because they are portable, inexpensive, and adaptable to multiple movement planes. However, their mechanical behavior and training dose are often insufficiently characterized. This structured narrative review aimed to synthesize current evidence on the neuromuscular mechanisms, prescription principles, and functional applications of elastic resistance bands in sports medicine and rehabilitation. Methods: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were searched from inception to 31 May 2026. Peer-reviewed human studies and reviews were included when they addressed mechanical, neuromuscular, biomechanical, prescriptive, rehabilitative, injury-prevention, or performance-related aspects of elastic resistance exercise. Evidence was synthesized narratively to link mechanical configuration, neuromuscular responses, exercise prescription, and functional outcomes. Results: Elastic bands provide an ascending, position- and configuration-dependent resistance profile determined by band properties and exercise configuration. When effort and exercise configuration are controlled, elastic resistance can elicit muscle activation and strength adaptations comparable to conventional resistance, while supporting improvements in balance, functional capacity, power, sprint performance, change-of-direction ability, and selected sport-specific outcomes. Its directional versatility and capacity for gradual load adjustment support applications from early rehabilitation to return-to-sport and performance training. Nevertheless, prescription based on band color alone is inadequate, and inconsistent reporting limits reproducibility and study comparisons. Conclusions: Elastic resistance is a scalable and clinically relevant loading modality rather than an inherently low-load alternative. Evidence is more established for improvements in muscular strength and functional performance than for direct reductions in injury incidence or successful return-to-sport outcomes. Its effectiveness depends on explicit load quantification, individualized progression, appropriate exercise configuration, and transparent reporting of intervention parameters. Full article