Search Results (788)

Public sector value generation increasingly relies on data provided by information systems, yet the impact of data quality (DQ) on decision-making remains underexamined. While prior research has identified associations between DQ and decision outcomes, strong causal evidence remains scarce. This study addresses the issue in two phases: first, through a scoping review of experimental research on the impact of value-critical DQ dimensions—accuracy, completeness, consistency, and timeliness—and second, through methodological development. Searches across Scopus, Web of Science, IEEE, and PsycInfo, supplemented by citation searching and Google Scholar to avoid inclusion bias, identified 20 studies after screening and full-text review. Rather than excluding studies based on methodological quality, the review critically examined existing experimental designs and their findings. The literature revealed substantial weaknesses, including unclear distinctions between objective and subjective variables, weak manipulations, ambiguous operationalizations, and small sample sizes. Consequently, existing understanding of DQ impact remains limited and often inconclusive. To address these limitations, the article proposes a formal model for DQ experiments and presents a proof of concept for completeness using open data. The findings suggest that completeness influences value appraisal and subsequent choice behavior, particularly under higher uncertainty and larger value differences between alternatives. Full article

Background: Retinal microvascular assessment has emerged as a promising non-invasive approach for evaluating vascular health. Recent advances in retinal imaging technologies have enabled detailed characterization of retinal vascular structure and function, raising interest in their potential role as biomarkers of exercise-related vascular adaptation. This systematic review with narrative synthesis aimed to summarize current evidence regarding the relationship between exercise, physical fitness, and retinal microvascular biomarkers. Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science for studies published from January 2021 to June 2026, followed by a supplementary update search to identify eligible publications available through 31 July 2026. Search terms combined retinal microvascular assessment techniques with terms related to exercise, physical activity, physical fitness, and exercise training. Following screening and eligibility assessment, 42 publications were included in the final qualitative synthesis, comprising 20 publications identified through the initial search and 22 additional publications identified through the supplementary update search. Several publications represented complementary analyses of the same or overlapping study cohorts and were therefore not considered independent replications. Results: The included studies comprised observational studies and exercise intervention trials involving healthy individuals and clinical populations. Retinal biomarkers assessed included vessel diameters, arteriovenous ratio (AVR), vessel density, perfusion density, foveal avascular zone (FAZ), retinal oxygen extraction, wall-to-lumen ratio (WLR), and choriocapillaris perfusion parameters. Several studies reported measurable acute and chronic retinal vascular responses to exercise, although the direction, magnitude, and clinical meaning of these changes varied according to population, exercise modality, imaging technique, and biomarker. Observational studies generally reported associations between higher physical activity or cardiorespiratory fitness and a more favorable retinal vascular profile, but causal interpretation remains limited. Conclusions: Retinal microvascular biomarkers appear sensitive to acute physiological stress and may reflect selected adaptations associated with longer-term exercise exposure. However, retinal responses are heterogeneous and biomarker-specific, and their biological and clinical significance remains incompletely established. Methodological heterogeneity, overlapping study cohorts, and the limited number of adequately powered randomized and longitudinal studies constrain causal interpretation and generalizability. Retinal vascular measures should therefore currently be regarded as candidate biomarkers and research tools rather than validated surrogate outcomes or routine clinical measures. Full article

Vascularized tumor organoid and tumor-on-chip models are increasingly used to examine treatment response, yet a weak therapeutic effect does not by itself identify the failed transport or biological step. Reduced efficacy may result from inadequate delivery, altered endothelial transport or signaling, stromal protection, impaired immune access or function, tumor-intrinsic resistance, or several processes acting together. A structured literature search and narrative synthesis were combined with a focused qualitative appraisal of 25 eligible primary studies to determine what evidence is needed to distinguish these explanations. Twenty-one studies included a relevant comparator, a mechanism-directed perturbation, and a functional readout; four directly tested a principal competing explanation, and three included rescue or reversal. Most studies therefore supported a contributory mechanism under the tested conditions rather than an exclusive causal attribution, leaving transport, stromal, immune, and tumor-intrinsic routes incompletely separated. The synthesis defines five candidate failed-step classes and specifies the comparisons, local-exposure or step-resolved measurements, perturbations, orthogonal readouts, and alternative tests needed for each. Mechanistic attribution is most secure when the proposed bottleneck is measured directly, manipulated experimentally, and distinguished from credible alternatives. Clinical application will additionally require context-of-use-specific evidence of analytical reproducibility, reference treatments, prespecified acceptance criteria, and association with clinically relevant outcomes. Full article

The knee is a mechanically demanding synovial organ in which joint loading, tissue deformation, cellular mechanotransduction and matrix turnover are coupled. This narrative review critically links those scales and asks where the evidence is sufficiently mature for mechanistic or clinical inference. PubMed/MEDLINE and Europe PMC were searched from database inception to 20 July 2026 using structured terms for knee biomechanics, cartilage and osteochondral mechanobiology, finite element modelling, mechanosensitive channels, osteoarthritis, machine learning and digital twins. Landmark studies were selected for foundational models, while recent studies were prioritised for causal experiments, validation and translation. Instrumented implants show that common activities generate tibiofemoral forces of several times body weight, but tissue-level exposure also depends on muscle co-contraction, geometry and material properties. Biphasic and fibril-reinforced models explain how those loads become stress, strain, fluid pressure and osmotic signals. At the cell scale, TRPV4 and PIEZO1/2 participate in overlapping, context-dependent calcium signalling rather than a universal protective–pathological binary; most causal evidence remains preclinical. Osteoarthritis is therefore framed as a mechanically amplified feedback process involving cartilage, bone, synovium and systemic modifiers. Computational degeneration models and machine-learning surrogates are increasingly informative, although prospective validation, parameter identifiability and uncertainty propagation remain limiting. The review’s added value is an explicit transmission-and-validation framework that connects whole-joint observables to molecular responses while labelling the evidence source and translational readiness at every step. Full article

Background/Objectives: Recent pediatric sleep research has increasingly adopted an integrated lifestyle perspective, examining sleep together with diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, and family environments. However, bowel habits remain comparatively underrepresented despite their potential importance for child health. This conceptual narrative review revisits the Four Kai framework, which brings together sleep, eating, bowel habits, and physical activity as four fundamental daily physiological behaviors and explores their potential relationships with adaptive pleasure, self-regulation, and daytime functioning. Methods: This conceptual narrative review incorporated a descriptive PubMed literature-mapping exercise conducted on 16 July 2026. The search covered publications from January through June of each year from 2022 to 2026 and focused on studies in which sleep was a principal research topic together with terms related to diet, bowel function, physical activity, and lifestyle. Publications clearly outside pediatric or adolescent populations were excluded. Titles and abstracts were reviewed, with full texts consulted when necessary, and eligible studies were classified thematically according to their principal research objective. This exercise was intended to provide descriptive context for the conceptual review and was not conducted as a systematic or scoping review. Results: The descriptive mapping and narrative synthesis indicate that pediatric sleep research frequently examines sleep in relation to diet, physical activity, sedentary behavior, family environments, and other lifestyle factors, whereas everyday bowel habits remain comparatively underrepresented. The reviewed literature supports multiple individual and pairwise associations among sleep, eating, physical activity, bowel function, and daytime functioning but does not establish that these four behaviors operate as a single integrated physiological system. Direct empirical evidence for a pathway linking the Four Kai through adaptive pleasure and positive self-regulation to daytime functioning is currently lacking. Conclusions: The Four Kai framework is best regarded as a hypothesis-generating conceptual framework rather than an established biological or causal model. Its potential value lies in bringing sleep, eating, bowel habits, and physical activity into a common perspective and generating testable questions about their possible functional integration. Future longitudinal and intervention studies should evaluate these behaviors together with adaptive pleasure, self-regulation, and daytime functioning to determine which proposed relationships can be empirically supported. Full article

Background: Sleep-dependent glymphatic clearance has emerged as a potential mechanism linking sleep disruption with Alzheimer’s Disease (AD) pathology. However, the relationship between objectively measured sleep and glymphatic function across the AD continuum remains unclear. Methods: Four databases (PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and PsycINFO) were systematically searched for studies assessing objective sleep metrics and glymphatic-related biomarkers or clearance measures in humans across the AD continuum. Following peer review of the search strategy, supplementary searches of PubMed and Embase using expanded glymphatic and sleep electrophysiology terminology were undertaken to maximize sensitivity. The final database searches identified 416 records. After removal of 72 duplicates, 344 records were screened, 64 reports underwent full-text assessment, and four studies met the inclusion criteria. Results: Four studies involving participants across the AD continuum were included. Objective sleep assessment was performed using polysomnography or electroencephalography, while brain clearance was evaluated using direct or surrogate imaging measures including diffusion tensor image analysis along the perivascular space (DTI-ALPS), perivascular space burden, blood oxygen level-dependent–cerebrospinal fluid (BOLD-CSF) coupling, or direct tracer-based clearance imaging. Across studies, better preserved slow-wave sleep, slow-wave activity, and sleep oscillatory coupling were generally associated with more favorable glymphatic function or glymphatic-related biomarkers. Conversely, disrupted sleep architecture, reduced sleep efficiency, and altered sleep oscillatory coupling were associated with impaired glymphatic clearance or glymphatic dysfunction. Conclusions: Current evidence suggests that objectively measured sleep architecture, particularly slow-wave sleep and sleep oscillatory dynamics, may be associated with biomarkers of brain clearance across the AD continuum. However, the available evidence remains preliminary, is predominantly cross-sectional, and relies largely on indirect measures of brain clearance. Larger longitudinal studies incorporating standardized sleep assessment and validated measures of cerebral clearance are required to clarify temporal relationships, establish causality, and determine whether sleep-targeted interventions influence brain clearance or disease progression. Summary of findings: Preliminary evidence suggests that preserved slow-wave sleep and sleep oscillatory activity are associated with more favorable biomarkers of brain clearance, whereas disrupted sleep architecture is associated with less favorable clearance-related measures. Full article

Combined drought–heat stress is not adequately described by adding the responses to drought and heat in isolation. Water limitation restricts evaporative cooling, whereas high temperature increases atmospheric demand and threatens photosynthesis, proteostasis, and reproduction. To assess what has been demonstrated rather than merely proposed, we combined a structured narrative review with a study-level evidence map spanning genomics, multi-omics, and emerging artificial intelligence (AI). The PubMed search, updated on 9 August 2026, returned 254 records; targeted and backward searches contributed eight seminal or reviewer-nominated publications. Independent screening retained 90 verified publications: 69 direct combined-stress studies, 11 genomics studies, six original AI or prediction studies, and four reviews or quantitative syntheses used for context. No conserved molecular signature emerged. Response direction varied with soil water status, vapor-pressure deficit, stress order, tissue, and developmental stage. Carbon allocation, redox and proteostasis balance, reproductive failure, and recovery recurred across omics layers, although neither their direction nor their adaptive value was consistent. Genomic loci and predictive performance were also environment dependent. Direct uses of AI remain uncommon and currently support prioritization more convincingly than causal inference. We organize this uneven evidence as a ladder extending from molecular association to functional validation, multi-environment prediction, and cultivar deployment. The main shortage is not another nominal omics layer but harmonized factorial experiments that measure recovery and reproduction, report field-relevant environmental metadata, and include external validation. Full article

Purpose: Bronchial artery aneurysms (BAA) and pseudoaneurysms (BAP) are uncommon vascular lesions that may present incidentally with hemoptysis or following rupture. This systematic review and pooled analysis examined their clinical presentation, diagnostic assessment, management, and reported outcomes. Materials and Methods: PubMed, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for case reports and case series published between January 2000 and December 2025. Studies reporting patients with BAA or BAP and sufficient clinical information were included, following the modified PRISMA guidelines. Results: Of 1431 identified records, 152 studies comprising 170 patients were included. Overall, 80% of patients were symptomatic, and most aneurysms were solitary and mediastinal. Rupture was reported in 28.4% of published cases. Endovascular treatment was the most frequently reported approach (83.7%). Technical success was achieved in 94.6% of cases overall and in 93.9% of endovascular procedures. Exploratory univariable analyses identified no significant association between technical success and treatment modality (p > 0.05). Reported complication rates were similar following endovascular and open treatment (3.8%, vs. 4.5%, p = 1.000). Conclusions: Rupture was frequently described among published BAA and BAP cases and endovascular treatment was the most commonly reported management strategy, with high observed success and few complications. However, the case-based evidence and associated selection and reporting biases, limit comparative or causal conclusions. Standardized outcome definitions, improved reporting, and multicenter registries are needed to clarify natural history and inform management strategies. Full article

Background/Objectives: Ageing populations face complex challenges, yet many older adults maintain well-being despite adversity. Understanding resilience offers critical direction for health promotion. This integrative review takes a conceptual and methodological approach to resilience in older adults, with clear implications for geriatric care. The review addresses: (1) how resilience is conceptualised and measured; (2) individual, social, and contextual factors linked to resilience; and (3) the effectiveness of interventions that aim to promote resilience. Methods: Following Whittemore and Knafl’s framework, a systematic search of six databases (PubMed, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL; 2016–2025) identified 42 empirical studies across 18 countries of diverse designs. Quality was assessed using the Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool, and thematic analysis identified five convergent themes. Results: Most studies explicitly defined resilience using trait-, process-, or outcome-based frameworks and employed validated instruments, most commonly the CD-RISC. Self-efficacy, spirituality, sense of coherence, and gratitude were consistently associated with resilience. Family relationships, social networks, and community participation were important relational correlates. Health status, education, economic security, and digital literacy were key contextual factors. Six longitudinal studies linked higher resilience to reduced mortality, slower cognitive decline, and attenuated frailty progression. Seven intervention studies, including five randomised controlled trials, supported physical activity, mindfulness, positive thinking training, Tai Chi, and technology-supported exercise as promising intervention modalities, though one web-based programme yielded null findings. Conclusions: Resilience in older adults is a multifaceted and potentially modifiable construct. Growing longitudinal evidence extends its relevance beyond psychological well-being to physical health outcomes, though cross-sectional designs predominate and limit causal inference. Measurement heterogeneity across more than twenty instruments underscores the need for international consensus and culturally valid tools. Larger longitudinal studies and adequately powered trials are needed to guide definitive practice and policy for ageing populations worldwide. Full article

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection and the primary etiological agent of cervical cancer. Despite the high global disease burden, the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region faces substantial challenges in HPV prevention and control. This narrative review aimed to synthesize existing evidence on the prevalence, genotypic distribution, awareness, vaccination status, clinical outcomes, and the role of HPV in non-cervical malignancies in the MENA region. Methods: PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar were searched, and 122 studies were included. Findings were synthesized qualitatively and descriptively. Cohort studies, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses were prioritized to support inferences about associations and potential causal relationships. Results: HPV prevalence in the general female population of the MENA region ranged from 4.7% to 53.3%, exceeding 90% in high-risk groups and patients with malignancies. The most common genotypes were HPV16 and HPV18; however, distribution patterns varied across populations. Key risk factors included younger age, multiple sexual partners, early age at first sexual intercourse, smoking, and alcohol consumption. General awareness was low to moderate, and vaccination coverage was very low in most countries. Barriers included lack of knowledge, fear of side effects, religious concerns, and social stigma. Evidence also indicates an association between HPV and non-cervical malignancies (head and neck, esophageal, gastric, breast, and thyroid cancers), with HPV DNA detected in tumor tissues. Conclusions: HPV poses a significant public health challenge in the MENA region, characterized by high prevalence, genotypic diversity, limited knowledge and awareness, and unsatisfactory vaccination coverage. Expanding screening and vaccination through financial support, culturally and religiously appropriate education, and longitudinal studies to monitor genotypic changes and associations with other malignancies are essential measures to reduce the burden of HPV-related diseases in the region. Full article

High-risk industries (HRI) face persistent safety challenges due to complex environments and multi-factor risks. Traditional manual monitoring is inefficient and reactive. While computer vision (CV) and deep learning (DL) have enabled automated risk perception, existing research lacks systematic review of the transition toward risk cognition. This systematic review, following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, searched Web of Science, Scopus, and IEEE Xplore for studies published from January 2021 to December 2025. After two-stage screening, 108 eligible studies were included. These studies span construction, mining, oil and gas, petrochemical, rail, energy, and maritime industries, with perception-layer applications predominating while cognition and early warning layer studies remain limited. We propose a “perception–cognition–early warning” framework to map the evolution from data to information, knowledge, and actionable decisions. Our findings reveal that visual perception technologies (e.g., Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) detection, object tracking) have matured, but significant bottlenecks persist in multimodal information fusion, knowledge reasoning, and decision-making. Achieving a true cognitive leap requires multimodal semantic alignment, scene graph construction, and causal inference. The proposed framework enables practitioners to design cognitive safety vision systems with scene understanding and interpretable decision-making capabilities. Key implementation strategies include addressing challenges in few-shot learning, cross-domain generalization, and human–machine collaboration. By integrating AI-driven perception, cognitive reasoning, and proactive intervention, this review supports the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals. Relevant goals include Goal 3 (health and well-being), Goal 8 (decent work), and Goal 9 (industry and innovation). Full article

Product-quality complaints are usually handled as pharmaceutical quality-system events, yet defects in sterility, potency, identity, packaging, labelling, storage, distribution or delivery-device function may affect medication use, treatment continuity and patient outcomes. This structured narrative review examines product-quality complaints (PQCs) as a patient-safety interface linking pharmaceutical quality systems, pharmacovigilance, medication-error prevention, recall action and pharmacoepidemiology. Existing pharmacovigilance, quality-management and recall systems address different components of this pathway, but no integrated framework was identified in the sources reviewed that specifies how product-quality complaints should be linked to exposure evidence and patient outcomes. Sources were identified through targeted PubMed searches and purposive retrieval of official regulatory, pharmacovigilance and public-health documents up to 5 June 2026; the review was not registered and included no quantitative synthesis. The sources identified concentrate on regulatory architecture, sentinel contamination events and shortage-associated harms; routine complaints are studied comparatively little, and no source identified reported the complaint-to-defect-to-exposure-to-outcome cascade with a complaint-level denominator. We propose the term patient-relevant complaint status (PRCS) for a complaint warranting patient-safety triage because the reported defect could plausibly affect exposure, sterility, potency, identity, delivery, medication use or treatment continuity, together with a TRACE workflow, a six-level clinical-consequence classification and separately graded certainty for defect confirmation, patient exposure and outcome attribution. These tools are proposed, unvalidated and hypothesis-generating; they do not convert complaints into adverse reactions, recalls into causality or spontaneous reports into incidence. Their intended role is to structure patient-safety triage, batch-aware linkage, exposure reconstruction, clinical follow-up and proportionate mitigation while causal attribution remains incomplete; this role requires prospective validation before routine implementation. Full article

Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) is an increasingly adopted platform for predicting drug resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis; however, diagnostic accuracy varies substantially across bioinformatic tools and analytical frameworks, generating considerable uncertainty for clinical laboratory implementation. We conducted a prospectively registered (PROSPERO: CRD420261342739), PRISMA-DTA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies. PubMed (MEDLINE), Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane CENTRAL were searched from 1 January 2000 through 28 January 2026. Primary overall sensitivity and specificity were estimated using a tool-level bivariate random-effects model. Exploratory subgroup analyses and meta-regression examined the association between algorithm category and diagnostic-performance heterogeneity. Twenty-eight drug-level evaluations from seven tools (rifampicin, isoniazid, ethambutol, and pyrazinamide for each tool) were compiled from the extracted 2 × 2 data. For the primary tool-level composite analysis, pooled sensitivity was 0.930 (95% CI: 0.907–0.948) and pooled specificity was 0.962 (95% CI: 0.929–0.981). In secondary drug-specific analyses, sensitivity was highest for rifampicin (0.960, 95% CI: 0.934–0.976) and isoniazid (0.933, 95% CI: 0.906–0.953), and lowest for pyrazinamide (0.860, 95% CI: 0.800–0.904). Exploratory tool-level comparisons produced pooled sensitivity estimates of 0.920 for rule-based tools, 0.899 for machine learning tools, and 0.951 for hybrid tools. These comparisons involved only seven tool-level analytic units and cannot disentangle algorithm type from individual tool identity, training data, mutation catalogue version, or validation population. WGS-based bioinformatic tools provide highly specific and generally sensitive predictions of Mycobacterium tuberculosis resistance for first-line drugs across diverse clinical settings. Exploratory differences between tool categories should not be interpreted as causal effects of algorithmic architecture. Future studies should use prospective head-to-head evaluations on shared, geographically diverse isolate collections, alongside continued improvement of resistance catalogues and external validation. Full article

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a composite classification defined by heterogeneous combinations of cardiometabolic abnormalities. Several components have been associated with pancreatic cancer (PC), but studies often conflate long-term metabolic exposure, tumor-related prediagnostic metabolic change, and prognosis after diagnosis. This review critically evaluates these three settings. This narrative review searched PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science through April 2026, prioritizing meta-analyses, prospective cohorts, Mendelian randomization studies, clinical studies, preclinical mechanistic evidence, and guidelines. Evidence was interpreted with attention to reverse causation, residual confounding, outcome definitions, and validation. Meta-analyses report a 25–34% higher PC risk among individuals with MetS, with a stepwise gradient across the number of metabolic components; hyperglycemia showed the strongest association among individual components (RR 1.55, 95% CI 1.42–1.70). However, MetS represents multiple versions of exposure, and the epidemiological and clinical evidence remains predominantly observational. Proposed mechanisms involving insulin signaling, adipokines, oxidative stress, epigenetic regulation, and the microbiome are largely preclinical and are not pancreas-specific. New-onset diabetes, rising HbA1c, and involuntary weight loss may mark occult pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, but available risk-enrichment models and biomarkers are insufficiently validated for routine screening. After diagnosis, metabolic status and body-composition measures have been associated with survival and perioperative outcomes, although confounding and cancer-related cachexia complicate interpretation. MetS is consistently associated with PC risk but is neither a single causal exposure nor an established target for PC prevention. MetS alone does not justify pancreatic imaging or biomarker testing. Lifestyle and pharmacologic treatment should follow established cardiometabolic indications; their effects on PC incidence remain unproven. Priorities include component-specific causal studies and prospective validation of risk-enrichment strategies. Full article

Background and Objectives: Free flap reconstruction is the gold standard for complex head and neck defects following oncological ablation. While surgical techniques have improved flap success rates, donor site sensory morbidity remains relatively understudied. The radial forearm free flap (RFFF) and fibula free flap (FFF) are the two most commonly used free flaps for head and neck reconstruction and sensory abnormalities at their donor sites represent a significant but underrecognized source of postoperative morbidity. Materials and Methods: The aim of this study is to systematically review and synthesize the existing evidence on the prevalence, characteristics and assessment methods of sensory abnormalities and pain at the donor sites of RFFF and FFF harvests. A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 guidance. PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, the Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar were searched from inception to 1 October 2025, with additional gray-literature and reference-list screening. Primary studies reporting sensory abnormalities, donor-site pain, neuropathic pain, or cold intolerance after RFFF and/or FFF harvest were included; prior reviews were used for citation tracking and contextual comparison only. Risk of bias was assessed with study-design-specific Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) checklists, and the level of evidence was classified using the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine (OCEBM) framework. Descriptive prevalence summaries and exploratory random-effects pooled estimates were calculated when numerators and denominators could be extracted. Results: From 1247 initially identified records, 73 studies met the inclusion criteria (36 RFFF-specific, 35 FFF-specific, and 2 addressing both flap types). Most studies were observational, and sensory outcomes were frequently secondary endpoints. For RFFF, reported sensory abnormalities ranged from 0% to 100% across extractable studies (median 31.3%; IQR 13.1–55.0%), reflecting differences in definitions, follow-up, and testing; the exploratory pooled prevalence was 34.4% (95% CI 23.6–47.1%; I2 = 88.4%). General donor-site pain ranged from 0% to 36.8% (median 12.0%; pooled 16.0%, 95% CI 9.9–24.8%), whereas Douleur Neuropathique en 4 Questions (DN4)-defined neuropathic pain was 18% in the largest dedicated RFFF study and 18% in a smaller pain-focused study. Cold intolerance ranged from 0% to 40.0% (median 16.2%). For FFF, sensory abnormalities ranged from 0% to 76.3% (median 21.4%; IQR 8.2–46.8%; pooled 24.0%, 95% CI 16.5–33.6%; I2 = 88.6%). General pain ranged from 0% to 72.7% (median 17.5%; pooled 18.8%, 95% CI 13.9–24.9%), and DN4-defined neuropathic pain was 21% in the only dedicated FFF study. Objective testing (quantitative sensory testing [QST], Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, two-point discrimination, or standardized neurological examination) was used inconsistently, and no included study systematically used nerve conduction studies or electromyography (EMG). Conclusions: Sensory abnormalities and pain after RFFF and FFF harvest appear common, but available estimates remain uncertain because of heterogeneous definitions, follow-up intervals, assessment instruments, and predominantly Level 2b-4 evidence. The literature shows a persistent gap between patient-reported symptoms and objective sensory testing. Future prospective studies would benefit from standardized neuropathic pain screening, structured neurological examination, and QST; however, current data do not support strong causal inferences or a validated treatment algorithm. Full article