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Keywords = carbon geological storage (CGS)

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25 pages, 3517 KB  
Review
Mechanism, Modeling and Challenges of Geological Storage of Supercritical Carbon Dioxide
by Shun Wang, Kan Jin, Wei Zhao, Luojia Ding, Jingning Zhang and Di Xu
Energies 2025, 18(16), 4338; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18164338 - 14 Aug 2025
Cited by 9 | Viewed by 2680
Abstract
CO2 geological storage (CGS) is critical for mitigating emissions in hard-to-abate industries under carbon neutrality. However, its implementation faces significant challenges. This paper examines CO2-trapping mechanisms and proposes key safety measures: the continuous monitoring of in situ CO2 migration [...] Read more.
CO2 geological storage (CGS) is critical for mitigating emissions in hard-to-abate industries under carbon neutrality. However, its implementation faces significant challenges. This paper examines CO2-trapping mechanisms and proposes key safety measures: the continuous monitoring of in situ CO2 migration and formation pressure dynamics to prevent remobilization, and pre-injection lithological analysis to assess mineral trapping potential. CO2 injection alters reservoir stresses, inducing surface deformation; understanding long-term rock mechanics (creep, damage) is paramount. Thermomechanical effects from supercritical CO2 injection pose risks to caprock integrity and fault reactivation, necessitating comprehensive, multi-scale, real-time monitoring for leakage detection. Geostatistical analysis of well log and seismic data enables realistic subsurface characterization, improving numerical model accuracy for risk assessment. This review synthesizes current CGS knowledge, analyzes technical challenges, and aims to inform future site selection, operations, and monitoring strategies. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section B: Energy and Environment)
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15 pages, 2864 KB  
Article
Minimum Carbon Credit Cost Estimation for Carbon Geological Storage in the Mae Moh Basin, Thailand
by Chanapol Charoentanaworakun, Komsoon Somprasong, Anusak Duongkaew, Panita Wongchai, Ploypailin Katunyoo and Purin Thanaphanyakhun
Energies 2024, 17(9), 2231; https://doi.org/10.3390/en17092231 - 6 May 2024
Cited by 6 | Viewed by 6144
Abstract
Carbon geological storage (CGS) is one of the key processes in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, which are used to reduce CO2 emissions and achieve carbon-neutrality and net-zero emissions in developing countries. In Thailand, the Mae Moh basin is a potential [...] Read more.
Carbon geological storage (CGS) is one of the key processes in carbon capture and storage (CCS) technologies, which are used to reduce CO2 emissions and achieve carbon-neutrality and net-zero emissions in developing countries. In Thailand, the Mae Moh basin is a potential site for implementing CGS due to the presence of a structural trap that can seal the CO2 storage formation. However, the cost of CGS projects needs to be subsidized by selling carbon credits in order to reach the project breakeven. Therefore, this paper estimates the economic components of a CGS project in the Mae Moh basin by designing the well completion and operating parameters for CO2 injection. The capital costs and operating costs of the process components were calculated, and the minimum carbon credit cost required to cover the total costs of the CGS project was determined. The results indicate that the designed system proposes an operating gas injection rate of 1.454 MMscf/day, which is equivalent to 29,530 tCO2e per year per well. Additionally, the minimum carbon credit cost was estimated to be USD 70.77 per tCO2e in order to achieve breakeven for the best case CGS project, which was found to be much higher than the current market price of carbon credit in Thailand, at around USD 3.5 per tCO2e. To enhance the economic prospects of this area, it is imperative to promote a policy of improving the cost of carbon credit for CGS projects in Thailand. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Volume II: Carbon Capture, Utilisation and Storage)
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23 pages, 11707 KB  
Review
Using the Tidal Response of Groundwater to Assess and Monitor Caprock Confinement in CO2 Geological Sequestration
by Yan Zhang, Bingfei Chu, Tianming Huang, Shengwen Qi, Michael Manga, Huai Zhang, Bowen Zheng and Yuxin Zhou
Water 2024, 16(6), 868; https://doi.org/10.3390/w16060868 - 18 Mar 2024
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 3588
Abstract
Carbon geological storage (CGS) is an important global practice implemented to mitigate the effects of CO2 emissions on temperature, climate, sea level, and biodiversity. The monitoring of CGS leakage and the impact of storage on hydrogeological properties is important for management and [...] Read more.
Carbon geological storage (CGS) is an important global practice implemented to mitigate the effects of CO2 emissions on temperature, climate, sea level, and biodiversity. The monitoring of CGS leakage and the impact of storage on hydrogeological properties is important for management and long-term planning. In this study, we show the value of passive monitoring methods based on measuring and modeling water-level responses to tides. We review how monitoring can be used to identify time-varying horizontal and vertical permeabilities as well as independently detect time-varying fracture distribution in aquifer–caprock systems. Methods based on water-level responses to Earth tides are minimally invasive, convenient, economic (since they use existing groundwater wells), and time-continuous. We show how measurements can be used to detect aquifer leakage (caprock confinement) and the distribution of surrounding faults and fractures, which are the two most important unsolved quantities in assessing geological CO2 storage strategies. Full article
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