Search Results (3,548)

The incorporation of antimicrobial agents into 3D-printed resins may improve their biological performance; however, their effects on physicochemical and mechanical properties remain unclear. This study evaluated the influence of phosphorylated chitosan (P-Chi; 0.25% and 0.50% w/w) incorporated into short- (ST) and long-term (LT) 3D-printed dental resins. Surface, mechanical, optical, and antibacterial properties against Streptococcus mutans were investigated using standardized methods. FTIR confirmed the successful phosphorylation and incorporation of P-Chi into both resin matrices. P-Chi significantly reduced S. mutans CFU counts compared with the control (p < 0.001, η²p = 0.286), regardless of concentration, although no inhibition halos were detected, indicating a contact-dependent antimicrobial mechanism. Enhanced antibacterial activity was accompanied by increased surface roughness and wettability. Nanoparticle concentration significantly affected mechanical performance (p = 0.001), whereas resin type did not (p = 0.613). The 0.25% groups exhibited lower flexural strength and microhardness than the controls (p < 0.05), while the 0.50% groups maintained flexural strength comparable to that of the controls, with G6 showing the highest elastic modulus (3494.95 ± 301.30 MPa). Color variation was influenced by resin type rather than P-Chi concentration (p < 0.05). Overall, P-Chi enhanced antibacterial activity while maintaining clinically acceptable mechanical properties, supporting its use as a multifunctional additive for biofunctional 3D-printed provisional resins. Full article

Serratia marcescens has emerged as an important opportunistic pathogen in intensive care units (ICUs), where critically ill patients, invasive devices, antimicrobial exposure, and complex environmental reservoirs create favorable conditions for colonization, infection, and recurrent outbreaks. This narrative review synthesizes evidence from the past decade regarding the clinical and molecular epidemiology, environmental persistence, device-associated transmission, biofilm-mediated resistance, and infection-control strategies of S. marcescens in ICU settings. The literature was reviewed using an integrative approach informed by Ferrari’s narrative review framework, with thematic synthesis across clinical, microbiological, environmental, and genomic domains. Recent evidence indicates that ICU-associated S. marcescens infections frequently involve respiratory tract colonization, ventilator-associated pneumonia, bloodstream infection, urinary tract infection, and device-related transmission. Hospital water systems, sink drains, wet surfaces, ventilator circuits, reusable equipment, and contaminated antiseptic or liquid products may serve as persistent reservoirs, particularly when biofilm formation supports long-term survival and recurrent dissemination. At the molecular level, S. marcescens demonstrates substantial genomic diversity, intrinsic and acquired antimicrobial resistance, inducible AmpC β-lactamase activity, efflux-mediated tolerance, and plasmid-associated resistance gene transfer. This review particularly emphasizes the molecular determinants that enable S. marcescens to persist in ICU ecosystems, including AmpC-mediated β-lactam resistance, efflux-associated tolerance, quorum-sensing-regulated biofilm formation, plasmid-mediated horizontal gene transfer, and WGS-defined clonal transmission. Whole-genome sequencing, rapid molecular diagnostics, active surveillance, environmental sampling, and integrated infection-control bundles have become increasingly important for distinguishing clonal outbreaks from endemic transmission and guiding timely interventions. Emerging perspectives emphasize the need to combine antimicrobial stewardship, environmental engineering, respiratory-care auditing, anti-biofilm strategies, and AI-assisted real-time surveillance into adaptive ICU infection-control frameworks. Overall, S. marcescens should be regarded not merely as an episodic outbreak organism, but as a highly adaptable ICU-associated pathogen requiring multidisciplinary prevention strategies. Full article

Background/Objectives: One of the ongoing clinical constraints is limiting microbial growth on prostheses, justifying the need for material surface enhancements to reduce microbial complications. This study aimed to investigate a potentially applicable and reproducible coating technique to overcome clinical microbial challenges. Methods: Silver (Ag) nanoparticles (NPs) were applied to three types of materials through spray, spin, and dip coating techniques. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF), and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) were performed. Subsequent optimization of spray numbers was determined. Antimicrobial performance of one- and three-layered coatings was evaluated through agar diffusion, direct contact, and adhesion (time-dependent) assays against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa). Results: Spray coating exhibited superior coating uniformity. In total, 15 sprays were determined as an effective number for a single-layer coating. EDS confirmed Ag NP presence; FTIR revealed no chemical alteration. Disk diffusion tests showed no inhibition zones. Adhesion and direct contact tests displayed antibacterial activity. The effect was superior in direct contact test. Short-term time-dependent adhesion test of one-layer coating of acrylic and silicone had a consistent decrease in bacterial amount, whilst zirconium had only a strong initial activity. In general, the three-layer coating did not reveal a higher antimicrobial activity, suggesting that the increase in layering can negatively impact surface effectiveness. Conclusions: Spray coating of Ag NPs represents a potentially feasible and relevant strategy for enhancing the antibacterial properties of dental and maxillofacial prosthetic materials without compromising their inherent physicochemical characteristics, pending further cytotoxicity and in vivo validation. Full article

Antimicrobial resistance represents a major global health challenge, highlighting the urgent need for alternative bioactive compounds from natural sources. This study investigated the phytochemical composition and antimicrobial potential of saponin-enriched extracts from the trunk bark of Argania spinosa (L.) Skeels, collected from two contrasting Algerian regions: the coastal area of Stidia (ES) and the Saharan region of Tindouf (ET). Extraction yields were comparable (approximately 12.6%). UHPLC-MS analysis revealed distinct phytochemical profiles, with ES enriched in oleanane-type saponins and flavonoids, whereas ET showed a higher abundance of bayogenin-type derivatives. Key compounds included arganine C, E, and J, as well as catechin and quercetin. Antimicrobial activity was evaluated using agar well diffusion and broth microdilution assays against clinically relevant microorganisms, including the reference strains Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria innocua, together with Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Serratia marcescens, Proteus mirabilis, and Candida albicans. Both extracts exhibited broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, although ES consistently showed lower Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal, Fungicidal Concentration (MBC)/(MFC) values than ET. MIC values ranged from 25 to 50 mg/mL for ES and from 50 to 100 mg/mL for ET. Synergistic interactions were observed between ES and gentamicin against S. aureus and between both extracts and kanamycin against K. pneumoniae. Membrane permeability assays demonstrated that both extracts increased bacterial membrane permeability, with ET producing a stronger permeabilizing effect. Atomic force microscopy of ES-treated cells revealed marked alterations in bacterial surface morphology, while molecular docking supported strong interactions of mi-saponin B and arganine derivatives with key bacterial targets. Collectively, these findings highlight the potential of A. spinosa bark saponins as natural antimicrobial agents and promising antibiotic adjuvants against multidrug-resistant pathogens. Full article

Microbial resistance to conventional antimicrobials is a growing public health challenge, driving the search for effective and sustainable alternatives. Among emerging strategies, the combination of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), recognized for their potent antimicrobial action, with biosurfactants, natural, biodegradable compounds capable of interacting with microbial cell membranes and promoting their stabilization stands out. In this context, the aim of this study was to produce a biosurfactant by Candida glabrata UCP 1002 from agroindustrial residues, reducing costs and environmental impacts. The compound exhibited a surface tension of 29 mN/m, a critical micellar concentration of 0.3%, and a yield of 9 g/L; furthermore, it demonstrated stability across wide ranges of temperature, pH, and salinity. The AgNPs were synthesized using the biosurfactant as a stabilizing agent and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, resulting in stable particles. In antimicrobial assays, the formulation inhibited Gram-positive microorganisms, Gram-negative microorganisms, and fungi. The best results were obtained against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (26.63%) and Candida albicans (28.11%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (17.58%), Enterobacter sp. (14.42%), and Escherichia coli (13.68%). Although less effective than commercial antibiotics such as streptomycin and moxifloxacin, it showed potential as a complementary alternative in combating multidrug-resistant pathogens. Cytotoxicity assays revealed low toxicity toward normal cells (28.42% inhibition in Vero CCL-81) and minimal activity against tumor cells. The results demonstrate that the BS-AgNPs association combines relevant antimicrobial activity with environmental safety and biocompatibility, establishing itself as a promising and sustainable approach for application in health, industry, and the environment, with potential for scale-up production from low-cost raw materials. Full article

The rapid emergence of antimicrobial resistance has intensified the need for advanced therapeutic platforms capable of improving the efficacy, stability, and targeted delivery of antimicrobial agents. Electrospun nanofibers have emerged as highly promising materials for biomedical applications due to their large surface area, high porosity, tunable morphology, and ability to incorporate a broad range of bioactive compounds. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the design, fabrication, and biomedical applications of electrospun bioactive nanofibers functionalized with antimicrobial drugs. It presents the main nanofiber fabrication techniques, with particular emphasis on electrospinning and the influence of solution, process, and environmental parameters on fiber morphology and drug-loading efficiency. Natural, synthetic, and hybrid polymer systems commonly employed in electrospun antimicrobial nanofibers are analyzed in relation to their physicochemical properties, biocompatibility, and therapeutic performance. In addition, the review highlights different drug incorporation strategies, including encapsulation, immobilization, and surface coating, as well as the mechanisms of action of antimicrobial agents. Recent advances in nanotechnology-based antimicrobial systems and their role in overcoming analytical, biopharmaceutical, and drug-delivery limitations are also examined. Furthermore, the review addresses current challenges related to scalability, reproducibility, stability, and clinical translation of electrospun nanofibers. Finally, future perspectives focusing on multifunctional, stimuli-responsive, and personalized antimicrobial nanofiber systems are discussed as promising directions for combating bacterial infections and reducing the global burden of antimicrobial resistance. Full article

Driven by advances in multifunctional materials design, silver halides—both natural (AgCl, AgBr, AgI, and mixed phases such as embolite) and synthetic—have emerged as versatile functional materials characterized by tunable crystallography, phase stability, and compositional variability. This study investigates global research trends, interdisciplinary development, and emerging application areas of silver halides through a bibliometric analysis of 23,841 publications indexed in the Web of Science (1975–2025). CDPI, TELM, VOSviewer, and Excel were employed to evaluate publication growth, disciplinary integration, and thematic evolution. Research output increased markedly after 2005, reaching approximately 700–1000 publications annually during 2020–2025. China (18.3%) and the United States (17.5%) were the leading contributors, while the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Russian Academy of Sciences, and CNRS showed the highest scientific impact. Materials Science Multidisciplinary (CDPI = 0.72), Chemistry Multidisciplinary (0.70), and Physical Chemistry (0.67) exhibited the strongest interdisciplinary integration, whereas Nanoscience and Nanotechnology demonstrated the fastest growth. Keyword co-occurrence analysis identified six major research domains focused on functional materials engineering, including environmental remediation, catalysis, crystal growth, antibacterial materials, interfacial processes, and electroanalytical systems. Recent studies increasingly emphasize structure–property relationships and synthetic control of crystal size, morphology, and surface characteristics to enhance performance in photocatalysis, sensing, antimicrobial coatings, and advanced optical applications. Overall, the results highlight the growing importance of silver halides as strategic functional materials and provide a quantitative framework for future research and technological development. A limitation of this study is its exclusive reliance on the Web of Science database, which may underrepresent relevant publications indexed elsewhere. Full article

Background: Persistent intraradicular infection and biofilm survival remain major challenges in endodontic treatment, particularly because residual microorganisms may remain within dentinal tubules despite chemomechanical preparation. The antimicrobial efficacy of sealers may be insufficient against resistant bacteria. This study evaluated the effect of incorporating red and black iron oxide nanoparticles into BioRoot RCS on its antimicrobial activity and cytocompatibility. Methods: BioRoot RCS was modified with red or black iron oxide nanoparticles at 0.5 wt% and 2.0 wt%, generating 5 groups: unmodified sealer, 0.5% red, 2.0% red, 0.5% black, and 2.0% black. Surface morphology was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, while elemental composition was determined by energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. Antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis and Fusobacterium nucleatum was assessed using a direct contact test, antibiofilm activity by colony-forming unit reduction on infected dentin discs, and cytocompatibility using human gingival fibroblasts and the AlamarBlue assay. Results: Iron was detected in the modified formulations, and elemental mapping showed homogenous distribution of calcium and iron. The 2.0% formulations showed significantly higher antibacterial and antibiofilm effects than the corresponding 0.5% groups (p < 0.05), with 2.0% black showing the lowest bacterial counts. Cytocompatibility differed at 1 and 3 days but not at 7 days, and all groups remained close to the control level with no significant difference (p > 0.05). Conclusions: Within the limitations of this in vitro study, experimental modification of BioRoot RCS with iron oxide nanoparticles, particularly at 2.0 wt%, improved the antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of BioRoot RCS while maintaining acceptable cytocompatibility. However, physicochemical and handling properties must be evaluated before the clinical relevance of this modification can be determined. Full article

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) represents a promising non-antibiotic strategy for addressing bacterial and fungal infections, particularly in the context of increasing antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-associated disease. PDT is based on the light-induced activation of photosensitizers, leading to the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), including singlet oxygen (¹O₂), which induce oxidative damage to multiple microbial targets. Unlike conventional antimicrobial drugs that often act through specific molecular pathways, antimicrobial PDT produces simultaneous damage to membranes, proteins, nucleic acids, and extracellular biofilm components, thereby reducing the probability of resistance development. This review critically analyzes the cellular, biochemical, and biophysical determinants that govern PDT selectivity toward bacterial and fungal cells in comparison with mammalian host tissues. Particular attention is given to photosensitizer localization, membrane interactions, photobleaching, oxygen dependence, light penetration, and the balance between Type I and Type II photochemical mechanisms. The review provides a comparative overview of major molecular photosensitizer classes, including phenothiazines, porphyrins, chlorins, phthalocyanines, xanthene dyes, natural polyphenols, endogenous compounds, and advanced targeted photosensitizers. In addition, this review distinguishes molecular photosensitizers from nanotechnology-based platforms and delivery systems. Nanoparticles, polymeric carriers, hydrogels, and light-activated coatings are discussed not only as photosensitizer delivery tools, but also as systems that modulate aggregation, improve localization, enhance biofilm penetration, and enable surface-confined ROS generation. ROS are capable of causing phototoxic effects wherever they are located. Unless selectively accumulated by target organisms, there can be systemic phototoxicity. Overall, PDT should be regarded as a modular antimicrobial platform in which photosensitizer chemistry, formulation, light delivery, oxygen availability, and infection biology must be co-optimized. Although further studies are required to address clinical translation, regulatory complexity, material safety, and standardized treatment protocols, PDT offers a scientifically robust and clinically relevant approach that may complement conventional antibacterial and antifungal therapies, especially in localized, biofilm-associated, and device-related infections. Full article

Antimicrobial resistance and biofilm-associated contamination continue to pose critical challenges in food safety and biomedical applications, necessitating the development of advanced antimicrobial materials with enhanced efficacy, safety, and functional adaptability. Antimicrobial nanomaterials offer versatile solutions due to their tunable physicochemical properties, surface engineering capabilities, and controlled release behaviors, enabling improved antimicrobial and antibiofilm performance across diverse systems. This review highlights the main advancements in AI-assisted design of antimicrobial nanomaterials, demonstrating how data-driven approaches are increasingly used to predict antimicrobial activity, optimize synthesis parameters, model nanotoxicity, integrate multimodal datasets, and improve interpretability through explainable AI frameworks. Key findings indicate that machine learning-guided strategies and autonomous experimental platforms significantly accelerate material optimization while reducing reliance on traditional trial-and-error methods. The review further summarizes the performance and mechanisms of major antimicrobial nanomaterial systems, including metal and metal oxide nanoparticles, metal–organic frameworks, polymeric nanocarriers, nanoemulsions, and hybrid nanostructures, with emphasis on their translational applications in food preservation, antimicrobial coatings, wound healing, implant protection, and drug delivery. Despite these advances, challenges remain in data quality, model generalizability, toxicity prediction, reproducibility, and regulatory translation. AI-enabled and data-driven frameworks provide a powerful pathway for accelerating the rational design and practical implementation of next-generation antimicrobial nanomaterials. Full article

Vine shoot residues represent an abundant lignocellulosic by-product of the wine industry and a promising source of phenolic compounds with potential functional applications. In this work, a biocatalytic strategy combining aqueous citric acid treatment and subsequent laccase-mediated oxidation was developed for the valorization of vine shoot-derived phenolic liquors. The pretreatment was optimized by response surface methodology, and the selected conditions, 190 °C, 75 min, and 0.82% citric acid, yielded a pretreated solid containing 2.9 ± 0.02% hemicellulose, 47.5 ± 0.20% cellulose, and 51.8 ± 1.87% lignin, together with a phenolic-rich liquor containing 27.66 ± 0.39 mg GAE g⁻¹ dry solid. Chemical characterization by UHPLC-timsTOF-MS revealed a complex mixture of phenolic acids, lignin-derived compounds, carbohydrate derivatives, and secondary metabolites. Laccase-catalyzed oxidation was first used as a reactivity assessment step, showing that the phenolic compounds present in the liquor were susceptible to enzymatic transformation. This treatment decreased the total phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and antimicrobial activity of the liquor. Subsequently, enzymatic oxidation was carried out in the presence of starch, yielding washed starch solids with retained Folin-reactive phenolic content of approximately 4 mg GAE g⁻¹ starch and measurable antioxidant capacity. Overall, this study demonstrates an integrated valorization route in which citric acid-assisted fractionation of vine shoot residues generates phenolic-rich liquors that can be chemically characterized, enzymatically activated, and directly used for starch functionalization, providing a sustainable strategy to convert agro-industrial residues into bio-based functional systems. Full article

Allicin, the most critical bioactive compound of garlic (Allium sativum L.), is of significant industrial importance when extracted at high purity while preserving its structural integrity. In this study, the combined use of supercritical-CO₂ (SC-CO₂) extraction and molecular distillation (MD) techniques was investigated to obtain garlic extracts with high allicin content from Gaziantep (Araban) garlic. The SC-CO₂ extraction process was optimized using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) within a range of 150–300 bar pressure, 50–80% co-solvent concentration and 0.5–3.0 mL/min solvent flow rate. The obtained extracts were characterized by LC-ESI-DAD-MS/MS, and their biological activities were evaluated using a comprehensive in vitro digestion model. Allicin in vitro digestion was performed using models simulating gastrointestinal conditions of young adults (<65 years) and older adults (>65 years), and its bioactive properties were comparatively evaluated. In the antimicrobial analysis, for SC-CO₂, a strong activity was demonstrated against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli in the oral phase of the in vitro digestion model, with inhibition zones of 36.33 mm and 26.50 mm in young samples and 34.67 mm and 25.83 mm in older samples, respectively. Owing to the immediate nucleophilic attack triggered by the subsequent alkaline pH shift and pancreatic enzymatic stress, free allicin underwent total structural degradation, falling below detectable limits within the intestinal chyme. In terms of purification performance, allicin content increased from 45.77% after SC-CO₂ extraction to 67.10% after molecular distillation. Crucially, due to the immediate nucleophilic attack driven by the subsequent alkaline pH shift and pancreatic enzymatic stress, free allicin underwent complete structural degradation and was rendered strictly undetectable within the intestinal chyme. This approach provides a sustainable and environmentally friendly purification strategy that effectively limits the thermal degradation of allicin. The results present a practical framework for the scalable production of allicin-rich nutraceutical intermediates and functional food ingredients. Full article

Prolonged use of clear aligners promotes bacterial colonization and biofilm formation, which can compromise orthodontic outcomes. There is a clear clinical demand for approaches that can suppress pathogenic activity while preserving the fundamental functional and material characteristics of the aligners. To address this need, a novel strategy of fabricating metal–organic framework (MOF) coatings on aligners was adopted. Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) have emerged as promising antibacterial coating materials by combining antimicrobial metal ions with biocompatible organic ligands. Three distinct porphyrin-based MOFs (Ag-, Cu-, and Ce-TCPP) were synthesized and fabricated as coatings on clear aligner surfaces via a coordination-driven self-assembly approach. The coated aligners were comprehensively assessed in vitro to determine their antibacterial performance, anti-inflammatory potential, biocompatibility, and key physical characteristics. Among the three coatings, Ag-TCPP showed the most favorable overall antibacterial and anti-biofilm performance in the present experimental system and facilitated macrophage polarization toward an anti-inflammatory M2-like phenotype. Ag-TCPP exhibited a significant inhibition zone of 6.75 ± 0.25 mm and reduced biofilm biomass by 72.2%. All MOF coatings exhibited excellent biocompatibility, and their application did not compromise the aligners’ mechanical integrity or aesthetic properties (light transmittance). This study reports the successful development of a novel metal–organic framework (MOF)-based coating strategy for clear aligners. Among the formulations investigated, the Ag-TCPP coating exhibited outstanding antibacterial and immunomodulatory performance while maintaining the critical mechanical integrity and aesthetic qualities of the aligner. The findings of this work offer a practical approach to designing multifunctional orthodontic devices that may reduce biofilm-related complications and improve clinical outcomes. Full article

Introduction: Biofilms are communities of microorganisms on wet or moist surfaces that are difficult to remove and can repeatedly release microorganisms. This causes significant problems in many areas, such as food technology and medicine, as biofilms can cause fatal infections in patients. One approach that has not yet been extensively researched is to prevent biofilm formation on surfaces by irradiating them with visible blue or violet light, which is known for its antimicrobial effect on planktonic bacteria. Methods: Various bacterial suspensions (Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas stutzeri, Streptococcus cristatus and Pseudomonas syringae) were placed in 24-well MTPs (microtiter plates) and irradiated with violet or blue light for up to 6 days. During this time, they were shaken at room temperature at a frequency of 100 rpm. The irradiation intensities were 0, 10 or 20 mW/cm². After each day, the bacterial suspension was aspirated and the biofilm at the bottom of the well was assessed by absorption measurement and microscopy images. Results: Besides B. subtilis, thin biofilms were found on all well bottoms after 24 h, even on the irradiated microtiter plates. In general, however, the biofilm absorption/scattering was lower on the irradiated MTPs than on the non-irradiated ones. For B. subtilis, irradiation prevented biofilm formation during the observation period. Surprisingly, in most experiments, blue light had a stronger effect than violet light, which does not correspond to the experiences with planktonic bacteria. Conclusion: Violet and blue light exhibits a positive effect on suppressing the formation of new biofilm, but the applied maximum irradiance of 20 mW/cm² was unable to prevent the formation of new biofilm for most of the examined bacteria. Further investigations with higher irradiance levels are necessary to determine whether it is possible to inhibit the formation of new biofilm altogether. Full article

Biosurfactants are surface-active microbial molecules with increasing industrial relevance as sustainable alternatives to synthetic surfactants. Among them, lipopeptides produced by Bacillus species, particularly surfactin, exhibit strong interfacial activity and biological functionality. In this study, rhizospheric soils from the La Araucanía region, Chile, were explored as a source of biosurfactant-producing bacteria. Eighteen strains were isolated, and two high-performing strains, Solo 1 and Solo 4, were identified as Bacillus amyloliquefaciens and Bacillus subtilis, respectively. Both strains harbored the srfAA gene and produced surfactin isoforms confirmed by MALDI-TOF MS. Kinetic analysis revealed distinct production profiles, with Solo 1 reaching a maximum of 90 mg L⁻¹ at 24 h, whereas Solo 4 showed continuous production up to 224.4 mg L⁻¹ at 72 h. Both biosurfactants exhibited high emulsification capacity (>80%) and stability across wide ranges of temperature, pH, and salinity. Importantly, cell-free supernatants from both strains showed antibacterial and antibiofilm activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with Solo 4 reaching 81% biofilm inhibition. In addition, surfactin-enriched extracts inhibited the pathogenic bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the filamentous fungus Fusarium oxysporum, with Solo 4 consistently showing stronger antimicrobial performance. Overall, these findings identify Solo 4 as a promising native Bacillus strain for future development of biosurfactant-based systems aimed at antimicrobial control, biofilm management, agricultural pathogen suppression, surface sanitation, and environmentally compatible biotechnological processes. Full article