Shear flows are ubiquitously present in space and astrophysical plasmas. This paper highlights the central idea of the non-thermal acceleration of charged particles in shearing flows and reviews some of the recent developments. Topics include the acc...
Recent discovery of fast blue optical transients (FBOTs)—a new class of energetic transient sources—can shed light on the long-standing problem of supernova—long gamma-ray burst connections. A distinctive feature of such objects is...
Particle acceleration is a fundamental process arising in many astrophysical objects, including active galactic nuclei, black holes, neutron stars, gamma-ray bursts, accretion disks, solar and stellar coronae, and planetary magnetospheres. Its ubiqui...
Particle accelerators are enabling tools for scientific exploration and discovery in various disciplines. However, finding optimised operation points for these complex machines is a challenging task due to the large number of parameters involved and...
Coatings play a crucial role in the functionality of vacuum chambers in particle accelerators, serving a dual goal by efficiently facilitating pumping and mitigating electron cloud effects. However, their impact on the surface impedance of the chambe...
The optimization problem of cloaking a perfectly electric conducting or dielectric spherical core is investigated. The primary excitation is due to an external magnetic dipole. The chaotic accelerated particle swarm optimization (CAPSO) algorithm is...
Brain storm optimization (BSO) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) are two popular nature-inspired optimization algorithms, with BSO being the more recently developed one. It has been observed that BSO has an advantage over PSO regarding exploratio...
Submicron particles transported by a Laval-type micronozzle are widely used in micro- and nano-electromechanical systems for the aerodynamic scheme of particle acceleration and focusing. In this paper, the Euler–Lagrangian method is utilized to...
Fouling and mud-pumping problems in ballasted track significantly degrade serviceability and jeopardize train operational safety. The phenomenological approaches for post hoc forensic investigation and remedies of mud pumps have relatively been well...
The discounted {0-1} knapsack problem (D{0-1}KP) is a multi-constrained optimization and an extended form of the 0-1 knapsack problem. The DKP is composed of a set of item batches where each batch has three items and the objective is to maximize prof...
The beam interruptions (interlocks) of particle accelerators, despite being necessary safety measures, lead to abrupt operational changes and a substantial loss of beam time. A novel time series classification approach is applied to decrease beam tim...
The electromagnetic characterisation of different materials for the inner wall coating of beam pipes is a long-standing problem in accelerator physics, regardless the purpose they are used for, since their presence may affect in an unpredictable way...
Understanding the concept of dynamic aperture provides essential insights into nonlinear beam dynamics, beam losses, and the beam lifetime in circular particle accelerators. This comprehension is crucial for the functioning of modern hadron synchrotr...
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) and plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs) have gained enormous attention for their ability to reduce fuel consumption in transportation and are, thus, helpful in the reduction of the greenhouse effect and pollution...
As a meta-heuristic algoriTthm, particle swarm optimization (PSO) has the advantages of having a simple principle, few required parameters, easy realization and strong adaptability. However, it is easy to fall into a local optimum in the early stage...
In this work, we introduce a scalable and efficient GPU-accelerated methodology for volumetric particle advection and finite-time Lyapunov exponent (FTLE) calculation, focusing on the analysis of Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) in large-scale di...
An adequate simulation model has been used for the calculation of angular and energy distributions of electrons, protons, and photons emitted during a high-power laser, 5-µm thick Ag target interaction. Their energy spectra and fluencies have b...
Sustainability of products that seek to maintain ecosystem balance, such as electric vehicles or solar system inverters, often require extensive testing during their developmental stages in a manner that minimizes wastage and drives creativity. Multi...
Properties of charged particle motion in the field of magnetized black holes (BHs) imply four possible regimes of behavior of ionized Keplerian disks: survival in regular epicyclic motion, transformation into chaotic toroidal state, destruction due t...
High-power pulsed lasers are used more and more as tools for particle acceleration. Characterization of the accelerated particles in real-time and monitoring of the electromagnetic pulses (EMPs) during particle acceleration are critical challenges in...
Accelerated particles have multiple applications in materials research, medicine, and the space industry. In contrast to classical particle accelerators, laser-driven acceleration at intensities greater than 1018 W/cm2, currently achieved at TW and P...
Solar flares are broadly classified as impulsive or gradual. Ions accelerated in a gradual flare are thought to be accelerated through a shock acceleration mechanism, but the particle acceleration process in an impulsive flare is still largely unexpl...
Beam diagnostics are essential tools for monitoring the performance of charged particle beams and the safe operation of particle accelerators. The performance of an accelerator is determined by evaluating the properties of beam particles, such as ene...
Particle radiotherapy based on the medical accelerator is emerging as a major treatment for cancer. To enhance the clinical flexibility of particle radiotherapy and further promote the use of medical accelerators, the Shanghai Institute of Applied Ph...
Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs) and their relativistic jets belong to the most promising class of ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) accelerators. This compact review summarises basic experimental findings by recent instruments, and discusses possibl...
The origin and acceleration of high-energy particles, constituting cosmic rays, is likely to remain an important topic in modern astrophysics. Among the two categories galactic and solar cosmic rays, the latter are much less investigated. The primary...
Plasma wakefield accelerators can be driven either by intense laser pulses (LWFA) or by intense particle beams (PWFA). A third approach that combines the complementary advantages of both types of plasma wakefield accelerator has been established with...
We review the recent advances in the pulsar high-energy γ-ray observation and the electrodynamics of the pulsar magnetospheres from the early vacuum model to the recent plasma-filled models by numerical simulations. The numerical simulations ha...
Wave features and propagation characteristics during typhoons are the key factors to study the dynamic response of ocean engineering and coastal disaster prevention and mitigation under extreme climate. Based on the Longuet-Higgins theory, the method...
Proton laser-plasma-based acceleration has nowadays achieved a substantial maturity allowing to seek for possible practical applications, as for example Particle Induced X-ray Emission with few MeV protons. Here we report about the design, implementa...
Models of particle acceleration in solar eruptive events suggest that roughly equal energy may go into accelerating electrons and ions. However, while previous solar X-ray spectroscopic imagers have transformed our understanding of electron accelerat...
Synchrotron emission from the shocked regions in supernova remnants provides, through its polarization, crucial details about the magnetic field strength and orientation in these regions. This, in turn, provides information on particle acceleration i...
We discuss the process of particle creation in the case of a scalar quantum field confined to a small cavity, initially at rest, which is suddenly dropped in a static gravitational field. We show that, due to the transition from a Schwarzschild to a...
The source, origin, and acceleration mechanisms of ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECR) (E>1020 eV, beyond the GZK limit) remain uncertain and unclear. The main explanations are associated with particular mechanisms, such as the Fermi mechanism,...
The increasing scarcity of virgin natural resources and the need for sustainable waste management in densely populated urban areas have heightened the importance of developing new recycling technologies. One promising approach involves recycling agri...
A new compact linear proton accelerator project (named LINAC 7) for multiple low-current applications, designed and built in-house at the Beam Laboratory of the University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU) is described. The project combines the Univers...
Additive manufacturing (AM) of metals has the potential to provide significant benefits for the construction of future particle accelerators. The combination of low cost manufacturing of complex geometries in combination with efficiency gains from im...
X-ray polarimetry promises us an unprecedented look at the structure of magnetic fields and on the processes at the base of acceleration of particles up to ultrarelativistic energies in relativistic jets. Crucial pieces of information are expected fr...
In high energy particle accelerators, a careful modeling of the electromagnetic interaction between the particle beam and the structure is essential to ensure the performance of the experiments. Particular interest arises in the presence of angular d...
The influence of particle size distribution in platinum catalysts on the aging of PEM fuel cells described by Holby–Morgan electrochemical degradation model is under investigation. The non-diffusive model simulates mechanisms of particle drop b...
The hydrodynamic characteristics, including local and convective accelerations as well as pressure gradient in the horizontal direction, of the external stream of an undular bore propagating on a 1:20 sloping beach are experimentally studied. A bore...
In order to make full use of the advantages of PD (particle damper) and TLD (tuned liquid damper) technologies, a new kind of damping system combining these two already-existing dampers is proposed and was named as PDAL (tuned particle damper with ad...
Understanding magnetic field strength and morphology is very important for studying astrophysical jets. Polarization signatures have been a standard way to probe the jet magnetic field. Radio and optical polarization monitoring programs have been ver...
Nuclear reactions between protons and boron-11 nuclei (p–B fusion) that were used to yield energetic α-particles were initiated in a plasma that was generated by the interaction between a PW-class laser operating at relativistic intensiti...
Although hundreds of keV in energy gain have already been demonstrated in dielectric laser accelerators (DLAs), the challenge of creating structures that can confine electrons for multiple millimeters remains. We focus here on dual gratings with sing...
The applicability of the first-order Fermi mechanism—a cornerstone of the diffusive shock acceleration (DSA) model—in explaining the cosmic ray spectrum is reexamined in light of recent observations from the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS...
The Holby–Morgan model of electrochemical degradation in platinum on a carbon catalyst is studied with respect to the impact of particle size distribution on aging in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells. The European Union harmonized protoc...
CERN, the European Organisation for Nuclear Research is studying the feasibility of the Future Circular Collider, considering both financial and technical aspects. One of the challenges is that the performance of particle accelerators relies on the d...
High-energy particles may be accelerated widely in stellar coronae; probably by the same processes we find in the Sun. Here, we have learned of two physical mechanisms that dominate the acceleration of solar energetic particles (SEPs). The highest en...
Ultra-high-energy cosmic rays (UHECRs) with energies exceeding 1019 eV are believed to originate from extragalactic environments, potentially associated with relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei (AGN). Among AGNs, blazars, particularly those d...
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