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28 pages, 3545 KiB  
Article
Including Citizens’ Perspective in Advancing Urban Green Infrastructure: A Design-Toolkit for Private Open Spaces
by Maria Stella Lux
Sustainability 2025, 17(15), 6781; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17156781 (registering DOI) - 25 Jul 2025
Abstract
In response to the growing pressure from urban expansion and the risks associated with climate change, adapting cities and reintroducing nature into the urban environment are becoming increasingly urgent. The implementation of Urban Green Infrastructure plays a key role in adaptation strategies, thanks [...] Read more.
In response to the growing pressure from urban expansion and the risks associated with climate change, adapting cities and reintroducing nature into the urban environment are becoming increasingly urgent. The implementation of Urban Green Infrastructure plays a key role in adaptation strategies, thanks to its ability to offer a wide range of ecosystem services. However, the adaptation process must necessarily be trans-scalar and include collective participation to ensure a real improvement in both physical and social urban resilience. For this reason, citizen participation in planning processes is essential, but even more important is the recognition of their active role and the scope for private citizens’ involvement. The transformation of private spaces according to UGI principles and with a view to the common interest, however, is still a theme that is scarcely included in urban resilience plans. This study presents the results of a survey conducted in the case study of Milan through questionnaires and focus groups to record preferences, concerns, and priorities in the sustainable transformation of private open spaces. The outcome of the study is the definition of a toolkit for the design of private open spaces, integrating Nature-Based Solutions and adhering to UGI principles. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Sustainable Urban and Rural Development)
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9 pages, 319 KiB  
Case Report
Case Report: A Novel Reconstruction Method (Itihaas’s Anastomosis) for Proximal Gastrectomy
by Birendra Kumar Sah, Zhenjia Yu, Chen Li and Zhenggang Zhu
Healthcare 2025, 13(14), 1663; https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13141663 - 10 Jul 2025
Viewed by 213
Abstract
This study introduces a novel reconstruction method (Itihaas’s Anastomosis) for the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract following proximal gastrectomy, designed to mitigate the severity of acid reflux syndrome, a frequent postoperative complication. The procedure comprises three side-to-side anastomoses: esophago-gastrostomy, gastro-jejunostomy, and jejuno-jejunostomy. The esophago-gastrostomy [...] Read more.
This study introduces a novel reconstruction method (Itihaas’s Anastomosis) for the upper gastrointestinal (UGI) tract following proximal gastrectomy, designed to mitigate the severity of acid reflux syndrome, a frequent postoperative complication. The procedure comprises three side-to-side anastomoses: esophago-gastrostomy, gastro-jejunostomy, and jejuno-jejunostomy. The esophago-gastrostomy anastomosis aims to prevent direct reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus by creating a fundus-like structure, which also facilitates future endoscopic procedures. The gastro-jejunostomy reduces acid reflux by diverting gastric acid to the jejunum for further neutralization, while the jejuno-jejunostomy prevents bile and pancreatic juice reflux into the stomach. A 75-year-old male with adenocarcinoma of the upper stomach underwent this surgical procedure. Postoperative outcomes showed no major complications, with smooth oral contrast passage and no evidence of anastomotic leaks. The patient was discharged after resuming consumption of semi-solid food and experienced no signs of reflux. Itihaas’s Anastomosis represents a novel technical approach that theoretically may reduce acid reflux following proximal gastrectomy. Initial case experience suggests technical feasibility, though all claimed benefits remain theoretical without objective validation. Long-term outcomes, anti-reflux efficacy, and comparative effectiveness require validation through systematic case series with objective assessments. Full article
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19 pages, 7055 KiB  
Article
Are Urban Green Spaces’ Attributes Relevant to Explain the Occurrence of Invasive Species Within Urban Green Infrastructure?
by Mónica Andrade, Cláudia Fernandes and Albano Figueiredo
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(7), 260; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9070260 - 4 Jul 2025
Viewed by 463
Abstract
Despite the importance of Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) as a provider of multiple Ecosystem Services (ESs), some concerns have been raised regarding Ecosystem Disservices (EDs) associated with UGI design and management, namely, the link between Urban Green Spaces’ (UGSs) attributes and invasion spatial [...] Read more.
Despite the importance of Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) as a provider of multiple Ecosystem Services (ESs), some concerns have been raised regarding Ecosystem Disservices (EDs) associated with UGI design and management, namely, the link between Urban Green Spaces’ (UGSs) attributes and invasion spatial patterns. This research takes the UGI of Coimbra, a medium-sized Portuguese city, as a case study to explore the relationships between UGS attributes and the occurrence of invasive plant species. The methodology involved aerial photo-interpretation and full patch survey to collect data about UGSs types, maintenance level and occurrence of invasive plant species, and landscape metrics analysis. Our results showed that the UGI of Coimbra exhibits a large prevalence of small UGSs with regular maintenance and the occurrence of invasive plant species in a low number of patches (17%). Although these patches correspond to 64% of the UGI. The area of recent sprawl (zone 2) registers higher occurrence of invasive plant species across different UGSs types, with higher prevalence in patches with no or low maintenance. Mapping the occurrence of invasive plant species in UGS is of utmost importance to implement appropriate maintenance practices, allowing medium-sized cities like Coimbra to optimize ESs associated with UGI and minimize potential EDs. Full article
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16 pages, 936 KiB  
Article
Navigating the Relational Dynamics of Carbon-Smart Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) Projects
by Essi Ryymin and Outi Tahvonen
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(7), 242; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9070242 - 26 Jun 2025
Viewed by 303
Abstract
Urban green infrastructure (UGI) projects rely on collaboration and involve a diverse team of professionals, including constructors, designers, green builders, and maintenance staff. This socially oriented case study focuses on the relational dynamics among UGI professionals, their roles in landscape construction processes, and [...] Read more.
Urban green infrastructure (UGI) projects rely on collaboration and involve a diverse team of professionals, including constructors, designers, green builders, and maintenance staff. This socially oriented case study focuses on the relational dynamics among UGI professionals, their roles in landscape construction processes, and how these relationships can influence the project’s success and its capacity to implement carbon-smart solutions. “Carbon-smart solutions” refers here to practices aimed at maximising carbon sequestration and storage while minimising carbon emissions. Data for this study were collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews and analysed using deductive qualitative analysis. A coding framework, investigator triangulation, and a representative sample of various professionals were employed to confirm the data’s validity. This study identified several relational factors that either challenge or drive the project’s success and carbon smartness. At the interpersonal level, the determinant drivers and challengers in UGI professionals’ relations were linked to the definition of working roles, power dynamics, the building of mutual trust through open communication, and the possession of the necessary sustainability skills. At the institutional level, relations concerning the shared principles and rationales of the project, as well as the project design process and diverse working cultures, presented both constraints and advances in project success and carbon-smart solutions. Full article
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21 pages, 838 KiB  
Article
The Green Blueprint: Designing Future Cities with Urban Green Infrastructure and Ecosystem Services in the UK
by Anosh Nadeem Butt and Carolina Rigoni
Land 2025, 14(6), 1306; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14061306 - 19 Jun 2025
Viewed by 747
Abstract
Urbanisation in the context of climate change and rapid population growth presents an urgent need for innovative and sustainable urban planning. This study introduces the Green Blueprint, an original, spatially grounded, and evidence-informed conceptual framework designed to systematically embed ecosystem services into the [...] Read more.
Urbanisation in the context of climate change and rapid population growth presents an urgent need for innovative and sustainable urban planning. This study introduces the Green Blueprint, an original, spatially grounded, and evidence-informed conceptual framework designed to systematically embed ecosystem services into the planning, governance, and design of resilient and equitable cities in the United Kingdom. Unlike existing research that typically treats Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) as a discrete intervention or evaluates its benefits in isolation, the Green Blueprint integrates cross-sectoral governance, multifunctional land use, and participatory planning into a coherent, scalable model for urban resilience. Developed through a qualitative, interpretivist methodology and critical documentary analysis of secondary data including policy documents, academic literature, and case studies from London, Manchester, and Sheffield, this framework highlights how embedding ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, stormwater management, biodiversity enhancement, and public health into the urban fabric can support long-term climate adaptation and social equity. Rather than serving as a review, this paper advances a novel theoretical contribution through empirical synthesis and thematic cross-case comparison. It further identifies enabling governance structures and implementation pathways to support policy innovation and practical application. This study contributes a transferable planning template for cities aiming to achieve systemic UGI integration, offering clear value for scholars, practitioners, and policymakers engaged in sustainable urban development in the Anthropocene. Full article
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14 pages, 1812 KiB  
Article
Influence of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Production Technology on Cryogenic Water Uptake
by Vladimir Yakushin, Vanesa Dhalivala, Laima Vevere and Ugis Cabulis
Polymers 2025, 17(12), 1669; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17121669 - 16 Jun 2025
Viewed by 412
Abstract
This study explores how production technology influences spray-applied rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam insulation’s cryogenic performance. In cryogenic applications such as liquid gas storage, insulation must minimise heat transfer and resist moisture ingress under severe thermal gradients. Experimental aluminium vessels were insulated with PUR [...] Read more.
This study explores how production technology influences spray-applied rigid polyurethane (PUR) foam insulation’s cryogenic performance. In cryogenic applications such as liquid gas storage, insulation must minimise heat transfer and resist moisture ingress under severe thermal gradients. Experimental aluminium vessels were insulated with PUR foam of varying thicknesses and surface conditions—rough, machined smooth, and with a urea-based protective coating—and then tested using dynamic boil-off of liquid nitrogen (LN2). Foam properties, including adhesion, mechanical strength, thermal expansion, thermal conductivity, and closed-cell content, were evaluated. The results revealed that thicker insulation reduced both effective thermal conductivity and moisture uptake. Although the urea-coated vessel showed minimal water absorption, the coating increased overall thermal conductivity due to its heat conduction and condensation behaviour. Moisture was primarily absorbed near the foam surface, and no cumulative effects were observed during repeated tests. The effective thermal conductivity was determined by interpolating boil-off data, confirming that insulation performance strongly depends on thickness, surface condition, and environmental humidity. These findings provide valuable guidance for the design and application of PUR foam insulation in cryogenic environments. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Polymer Analysis and Characterization)
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20 pages, 1889 KiB  
Article
Balancing the Interests of Various Community Groups in Local Government Policy on the Energy Performance of Buildings
by Girts Karnitis, Maris Pukis, Janis Bicevskis, Edgars Diebelis, Stanislavs Gendelis, Edvins Karnitis and Ugis Sarma
Energies 2025, 18(11), 2812; https://doi.org/10.3390/en18112812 - 28 May 2025
Viewed by 274
Abstract
EU legislation provides the implementation of most building energy performance measures at a subnational level. This obligation is causing a lot of completely new dilemmas that are challenging for local governments (LGs), requiring a radical re-evaluation of the prioritization of LGs’ traditional tasks [...] Read more.
EU legislation provides the implementation of most building energy performance measures at a subnational level. This obligation is causing a lot of completely new dilemmas that are challenging for local governments (LGs), requiring a radical re-evaluation of the prioritization of LGs’ traditional tasks and the ranking of new responsibilities. The attitude of local population and businesses towards the solutions to dilemmas, which are set by LGs decisions, vary widely. Separate groups actively lobby for their mutually contradictory interests, questioning decisions and fighting against them during the decision-drafting and -making process, significantly hindering the work of LGs and prolonging decision-making. The authors’ suggested solution to the problem is to make municipal decisions based on verifiable data and facts, thus preventing the manifestations of populism and demagogy, and reducing the possibilities for interest group advocacy. To obtain objective information for balanced decision-making about the benefits and costs of heating system retrofitting projects without carrying out the labor-intensive, time-consuming, and costly design of various options, an express methodology and an easy-to-use tool for project feasibility studies have been developed. The methodology utilizes a limited number of open indicators to streamline the evaluation process, and does not require specific knowledge in thermal physics, economics, or construction. Full article
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24 pages, 3364 KiB  
Article
One-Pot Approach Towards Peptoids Synthesis Using 1,4-Dithiane-2,5-Diol via Multicomponent Approach and DFT-Based Computational Analysis
by Musrat Shaheen and Akbar Ali
Molecules 2025, 30(11), 2340; https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules30112340 - 27 May 2025
Viewed by 1148
Abstract
Peptoids are peptidomimetics in which the side chain is attached to the nitrogen of the amide group rather than the α-carbon. This alteration in the backbone structure is highly valued because it endows beneficial properties, including enhanced resistance to proteolysis, greater immunogenicity, [...] Read more.
Peptoids are peptidomimetics in which the side chain is attached to the nitrogen of the amide group rather than the α-carbon. This alteration in the backbone structure is highly valued because it endows beneficial properties, including enhanced resistance to proteolysis, greater immunogenicity, improved biostability, and superior bioavailability. In this current study, we focused on the Ugi-4CR-based one-pot synthesis of peptoids using 1,4-dithiane-2,5-diol as the carbonyl component together with amine, carboxylic acid, and isocyanides. Four new peptoids—5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d—were designed and efficiently prepared in good chemical yields and were subjected to DFT investigations for their electronic behavior. These compounds have free OH, SH, and terminal triple bonds for further chemistry. In a computational analysis, the spectral data of compounds 5a5d were juxtaposed with calculated spectral values derived from the B3LYP/6-311G(d,p) level. The electronic excitation and orbital contributions of 5a5d were predicted using TD-DFT calculations. A natural bond order (NBO) analysis was utilized to investigate the electronic transition of newly synthesized peptoids, focusing on their charge distribution patterns. Furthermore, MEP and NPA analyses were conducted to predict charge distribution in these compounds. The reactivity and stability of the targeted peptoids were evaluated by global reactivity descriptors, which were determined with frontier molecular orbital analysis. The DFT results revealed that compound 5c displayed marginally higher reactivity compared to 5a, 5b, and 5d, possibly due to its extended conjugation. Full article
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15 pages, 3033 KiB  
Article
Tips and Tricks in the Laparoscopic Treatment of Type I Duodenal Atresia: Description of a Technique
by Salvatore Fabio Chiarenza, Maria Luisa Conighi, Valeria Bucci and Cosimo Bleve
Children 2025, 12(4), 517; https://doi.org/10.3390/children12040517 - 17 Apr 2025
Viewed by 710
Abstract
Introduction: Congenital duodenal atresia (DA) (Type I) with a fenestrated web can be characterized by a late presentation with a delayed diagnosis. It is even rarer and usually associated with proximal duodenomegaly. Conventional management involves web resection and duodeno–duodeno anastomosis with or without [...] Read more.
Introduction: Congenital duodenal atresia (DA) (Type I) with a fenestrated web can be characterized by a late presentation with a delayed diagnosis. It is even rarer and usually associated with proximal duodenomegaly. Conventional management involves web resection and duodeno–duodeno anastomosis with or without duodenoplasty. We describe our mininvasive surgical strategy and management, detailing the aspects of laparoscopic techniques. Material and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of five patients affected by fenestrated duodenal web (DA) with a delayed onset of symptoms and diagnosis who were managed in our Department over a period of 10 years (2013–2023). We analyzed the age of patients at diagnosis, clinical signs and symptoms, associated congenital anomalies, radiological and intraoperative findings, surgical treatment, and outcomes. Diagnostic examinations included ultrasound (US), Upper-Gastrointestinal Study (UGI), and Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGDS). Results: Three boys and two girls, median age of 5.5 months (range 3–11 months), were included in this study. Three underwent previous surgery for long-gap esophageal atresia (EA), two of Type A, and one of Type C, requiring a gastrostomy immediately after birth (delayed esophageal repair for prematurity in Type C) and subsequent delayed primary anastomosis. Major associated anomalies were EA (3), anterior ectopic anus (1), cloaca (1), and Type IV laryngeal web (1). An antenatal diagnostic suspicion of duodenal atresia (obstruction) on ultrasound was described in two patients. UGI suggested a fenestrated duodenal web, visualized at ultrasound in two patients. Duodenal dilation was associated in two cases. The symptoms were feeding difficulties, nonbilious vomiting, upper abdominal distension, and poor growth. All presented with a pre-ampullary obstruction. Endoscopic confirmation was only possible in one patient. The older patient underwent an endoscopic resection of a duodenal web. In the other four, we performed a laparoscopic longitudinal antimesenteric duodenal incision, web resection (excision), and transverse suture (closure was performed) without duodenoplasty. Intraduodenal Indocyanine Green (ICG) visualization (under near-infrared light) was used in the last two cases. No postoperative complications were recorded, with a mean hospital stay of 8 days. A contrast study performed at 4 weeks demonstrated an improved proximal duodenal profile; patients tolerated a full diet and remained symptom-free. Conclusions: According to our experience with minimally invasive techniques, laparoscopy and endoscopy are effective and safe, supporting web resection for the management of a duodenal web without tapering of the proximal duodenum. They require advanced technical skills. Intraduodenal-ICG injection during laparoscopic treatment of Type 1 DA allows localization of the duodenal web, confirmation of bowel patency (bowel canalization) and the tightness of suture. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Stabilization and Resuscitation of Newborns: 3rd Edition)
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20 pages, 1830 KiB  
Article
Identifying Priority Areas for Planning Urban Green Infrastructure: A Fuzzy Artificial Intelligence-Based Framework
by Leonardo Massato Nicacio Nomura, Adriano Bressane, Vitoria Valente Monteiro, Inara Vilas Boas de Oliveira, Graziele Ruas, Rogério Galante Negri and Alexandre Marco da Silva
Urban Sci. 2025, 9(4), 126; https://doi.org/10.3390/urbansci9040126 - 16 Apr 2025
Viewed by 994
Abstract
Urban green infrastructure (UGI) plays a key role in fostering sustainability, resilience, and ecological balance in cities. However, the task of identifying priority areas for UGI implementation remains complex due to the multifactorial nature of urban systems and prevailing uncertainties. This study proposes [...] Read more.
Urban green infrastructure (UGI) plays a key role in fostering sustainability, resilience, and ecological balance in cities. However, the task of identifying priority areas for UGI implementation remains complex due to the multifactorial nature of urban systems and prevailing uncertainties. This study proposes a fuzzy inference system (FIS)-based framework composed of seven interconnected modules designed to assess diverse criteria, including flood vulnerability, water quality, habitat connectivity, vegetation condition, and social vulnerability. The model was applied in the urban watersheds of São José dos Campos, Brazil, a municipality recognized for its smart city initiatives and urban environmental complexity. Through the integration of multi-criteria spatial data, the framework effectively prioritized urban areas, highlighting critical zones for extreme event mitigation, water quality preservation, habitat conservation, and recreational space provision. The case study demonstrated that São José dos Campos, with an 11.73% urbanized area and 737,310 inhabitants, benefits from targeted UGI typologies, including sustainable drainage systems and green public spaces, aligning infrastructure interventions with specific spatial demands. Notably, the expert validation process involving 18 multidisciplinary specialists confirmed the model’s relevance and coherence, with the majority classifying the outcomes as “highly coherent”. The system’s modular structure, use of triangular membership functions, and incorporation of the gamma operator allow for adaptable prioritization across different planning horizons. By offering a transparent, expert-validated, and data-driven approach, the proposed method advances evidence-based decision-making and equips planners with a practical tool for UGI implementation in dynamic urban contexts. Full article
(This article belongs to the Special Issue Sustainable Urbanization, Regional Planning and Development)
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17 pages, 2808 KiB  
Article
Phase-Change Materials as Cryo-Shock Absorbers in Rigid Polyurethane Cryogenic Insulation Foams
by Laima Vevere, Beatrise Sture-Skela, Vladimir Yakushin, Pavel Němeček, Hynek Beneš and Ugis Cabulis
Polymers 2025, 17(6), 729; https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17060729 - 10 Mar 2025
Cited by 2 | Viewed by 1195
Abstract
This study investigates the effects of microencapsulated phase-change materials (PCMs) on the density and thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams, alongside their mechanical properties. Introducing PCMs into the foam composition results in increased viscosity, complicating the mixing of polyol and isocyanate components. [...] Read more.
This study investigates the effects of microencapsulated phase-change materials (PCMs) on the density and thermal conductivity of rigid polyurethane (PU) foams, alongside their mechanical properties. Introducing PCMs into the foam composition results in increased viscosity, complicating the mixing of polyol and isocyanate components. This viscosity increase can slow the foaming rate and subsequently raise the foam density, as observed in both poured and sprayed rigid PU foams containing 5% and 10% PCM, leading to density increases of up to 9%. Despite these slight density changes, the thermal conductivity remained relatively stable due to the preservation of the foam’s closed-cell structure. The mechanical evaluation revealed a decrease in compressive and tensile strength with a higher PCM content attributed to defects arising in the foam’s cellular architecture. However, adhesive strength to aluminum substrates improved, particularly with 5% PCM, possibly due to a more consistent foam structure during the slower foaming process. Differential scanning calorimetry and a dynamic mechanical analysis indicated that the incorporation of PCM increased the glass transition temperature and affected the foam’s mechanical properties. This research underscores the potential of microencapsulated PCMs to enhance the functionality of rigid PU foams while needing careful consideration of their concentration to avoid compromising the structural integrity. Full article
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28 pages, 3732 KiB  
Article
Urban Green Infrastructure Planning in Jaipur, India: A GIS-Based Suitability Model for Semi-Arid Cities
by Ritu Nathawat, Saurabh Kumar Gupta, Shruti Kanga, Suraj Kumar Singh, Shamik Chakraborty, Asif Marazi, Bhartendu Sajan, Mohamed Yehia Abouleish, Gowhar Meraj, Tarig Ali and Pankaj Kumar
Sustainability 2025, 17(6), 2420; https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062420 - 10 Mar 2025
Viewed by 1989
Abstract
Urbanization in Jaipur, India, has led to a 42% decline in green cover over the past two decades, exacerbating urban heat, air pollution, groundwater depletion, and reduced livability. Green Infrastructure (GI) offers a sustainable solution, but effective implementation requires robust, data-driven strategies. This [...] Read more.
Urbanization in Jaipur, India, has led to a 42% decline in green cover over the past two decades, exacerbating urban heat, air pollution, groundwater depletion, and reduced livability. Green Infrastructure (GI) offers a sustainable solution, but effective implementation requires robust, data-driven strategies. This study employs geospatial technologies—GIS, remote sensing, and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (MCDA)—to develop a suitability model for Urban Green Infrastructure (UGI) planning. Using an entropy-based weighting approach, the model integrates environmental factors, including the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which fell by 18% between 2000 and 2020; Land Surface Temperature (LST), which increased by 1.8 °C; soil moisture; precipitation; slope; and land use/land cover (LULC). Proximity to water bodies was found to be a critical determinant of suitability, whereas land surface temperature and soil moisture played significant roles in determining UGI feasibility. The results were validated using NDVI trends and comparative analysis with prior studies so as to ensure accuracy and robustness. The suitability analysis reveals that 35% of Jaipur’s urban area, particularly peri-urban regions and river corridors, is highly suitable for UGI interventions, thereby presenting significant opportunities for urban cooling, flood mitigation, and enhanced ecosystem services. These findings align with India’s National Urban Policy Framework (2018) and the UN Sustainable Development Goal 11, supporting climate resilience and sustainable urban development. This geospatial approach provides a scalable methodology for integrating green spaces into urban planning frameworks across rapidly urbanizing cities. Full article
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23 pages, 2737 KiB  
Article
Synthesis, Antimicrobial Activity, and Tyrosinase Inhibition by Multifunctional 3,4-Dihydroxy-Phenyl Peptidomimetics
by Deepak S. Wavhal, Dominik Koszelewski, Paweł Kowalczyk, Anna Brodzka and Ryszard Ostaszewski
Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2025, 26(4), 1702; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26041702 - 17 Feb 2025
Cited by 1 | Viewed by 826
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of two important pharmacophores, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl and peptidomimetic moieties, as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors and antimicrobial agents targeting specific strains of pathogenic bacteria. The 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (protocatechuic aldehyde) was found to be an effective [...] Read more.
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the synergistic effect of two important pharmacophores, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl and peptidomimetic moieties, as mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors and antimicrobial agents targeting specific strains of pathogenic bacteria. The 3,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde (protocatechuic aldehyde) was found to be an effective inhibitor of tyrosinase activity, and due to the fact that it is a safe natural substance with such a scaffolded structure, it is likely that dihydroxyl-substituted phenolic derivatives can exhibit potent tyrosinase inhibitory activity. Series of peptidomimetics with an incorporated 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl scaffold was synthesized and characterized. The inhibitory effects of peptidomimetics on a mushroom tyrosinase were studied. The results showed that among the compounds, five of them showed higher inhibitory activity than the parent 3,4-dihydroxybenzyl aldehyde. In silico docking studies with mushroom tyrosinase (PDB ID 2Y9X) predicted possible binding modes in the enzymatic pocket for these compounds. Furthermore, the antimicrobial activities of peptidomimetics against selected Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial strains (E. coli, A. baumannii, P. aeruginosa, E. cloacae, and S. aureus) were investigated. The results showed that all tested peptidomimetics have antimicrobial activities (MIC values from 0.25 to 4.0 μM) comparable with those observed for the commonly used antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, bleomycin, and cloxacillin). Notably, all evaluated compounds demonstrated significant activity against E. coli and S. aureus strains, which are primary sources of infections resulting in numerous fatalities. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of sixteen derivatives was assessed using the MTT assay on BALB/c3T3 mouse fibroblast cell lines. Cytotoxicity analyses indicated that the tested substances have a similar or reduced impact on cell proliferation compared to commonly utilized antibiotics within the range of therapeutic doses. This study presents the potential of peptidomimetics with 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl scaffolds could be beneficial for developing novel tyrosinase inhibitors and new potent food preservatives or cosmetic additives. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Biochemistry)
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17 pages, 878 KiB  
Article
Social Relevance of Ecosystem Services Provided by Urban Green Infrastructures: A Mixed Qualitative–Quantitative Case Study Approach
by Sofia Baldessari, Isabella De Meo, Maria Giulia Cantiani and Alessandro Paletto
Land 2025, 14(2), 230; https://doi.org/10.3390/land14020230 - 22 Jan 2025
Viewed by 1462
Abstract
Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) are important elements of the urban matrix providing ecological functions and several ecosystem services beneficial to citizens. Recently, their contribution to the well-being and quality of life of citizens has been widely recognized by both the scientific community and [...] Read more.
Urban green infrastructures (UGIs) are important elements of the urban matrix providing ecological functions and several ecosystem services beneficial to citizens. Recently, their contribution to the well-being and quality of life of citizens has been widely recognized by both the scientific community and policymakers. This study aims to explore the social relevance of UGI ecosystem services through a mixed qualitative–quantitative case study approach. First, a quantitative literature review was conducted using bibliometric network analysis, followed by a participatory process through a Scientific Café with a sample of Italian stakeholders involved in the UGIs’ planning and management. The bibliometric network analysis identified 443 documents (from 2000 to 2024) primarily focused on three ecosystem services provided by UGIs—climate change mitigation, biodiversity conservation, and cultural services, such as health benefits, aesthetic, and recreation. The qualitative results of Scientific Café highlight a particular interest of stakeholders in cultural services such as physical and mental benefits provided by UGIs, as well as improving the urban aesthetic value. Additionally, the role of UGIs in microclimate regulation and heat mitigation was emphasized. The combined analysis of perspectives from the scientific community, policy-makers, stakeholders, and citizens provides a foundation for developing a participatory governance approach to UGIs. Full article
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23 pages, 4985 KiB  
Article
Impact of Urban Green Infrastructure on the Respiratory Health of Older Adults in Shenyang, China
by Zhenxing Li, Yaqi Chu, Yu Shi, Na Huang and Tiemao Shi
Forests 2025, 16(1), 41; https://doi.org/10.3390/f16010041 - 29 Dec 2024
Viewed by 1162
Abstract
As the global population ages, respiratory health among the elderly has become a key public health concern. Although urban green infrastructure (UGI) has the potential to improve air quality and promote health, research on how its layout patterns influence respiratory health among older [...] Read more.
As the global population ages, respiratory health among the elderly has become a key public health concern. Although urban green infrastructure (UGI) has the potential to improve air quality and promote health, research on how its layout patterns influence respiratory health among older adults remains limited. This study focuses on elderly residents aged 60 and above in the central urban area of Shenyang, China, to evaluate the relative importance and interactions of different features affecting respiratory health. We utilized the St. George’s Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) to collect data on respiratory health and employed hierarchical regression and random forest (RF) models to analyze the impact of UGI factors across three spatial scales (300 m, 500 m, and 1000 m). The results indicate that UGI within a 300 m radius of participants’ residences contributes most significantly to respiratory health, with diminishing marginal effects as the spatial scale increases. Green space area (GSA) and the NDVI were identified as the most important factors influencing respiratory health, while green landscape pattern metrics had a greater influence at larger spatial extents. Additionally, a significant nonlinear marginal effect was observed between UGI and respiratory health. These findings provide key insights for health-oriented urban planning and green infrastructure design. Full article
(This article belongs to the Section Urban Forestry)
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