Search Results (10)

In this study, we constructed a linear antibody–drug conjugate (ADC), 7300-LP1003, by coupling the camptothecin derivative 095 to a linker through an ether bond. In vitro enzyme experiments indicated that LP1003 releases 095 through the action of tissue cathepsin B. Therefore, we introduced lysine pairs with different water-soluble substituents to further modify the linker and synthesized side-chain ADCs 7300-LP3004 and 7300-LP2004, modified by polysarcosine and polyethylene glycol, respectively. In vitro experiments showed that, after incubation at 55 °C in phosphate-buffered saline for 48 h, 7300-LP3004 aggregation was 45.24%, which was significantly lower than that of 7300-LP1003 (77.14%). Cell cytotoxicity assays demonstrated that the side-chain ADCs, 7300-LP3004 and 7300-LP2004, exhibited significantly higher activity (IC50 values of 39.74 nM and 32.17 nM, respectively) compared to the linear ADC and 7300-Deruxtecan (IC50 of 186.5 nM and 124.5 nM, respectively). In the subcutaneous model of SHP-77 NOD scid gamma mice, when the ADC dose was 5 mg/kg, 7300-LP3004 showed the highest tumor inhibition rate with a tumor growth inhibition (TGI) of 106.09%, which was superior to that of the positive control 7300-Deruxtecan, which had a TGI of 103.95%. In conclusion, 7300-LP3004 demonstrated strong antitumor activity and high physicochemical stability, highlighting the need for further research and development of ADC drugs. Full article

A star tracker is a widely used celestial sensor in astronomical navigation systems, which calculates the spacecraft’s high-precision attitude by observing stars in space to obtain several star vectors. Existing star identification algorithms typically require the selection of a specific anchor star (e.g., the nearest neighbor star), using the line connecting the target star and the anchor star as the rotational reference axis to achieve rotation invariance in the star identification algorithm. However, this approach makes the entire identification algorithm overly dependent on the anchor star, resulting in insufficient identification accuracy in cases of excessive positional noise or a high number of false stars. In this paper, we adopt the angles between any neighboring stars and the distances ratio between neighboring stars and the observed star as the initial matching criteria. We then calculate the matching with each navigation star using the accumulated angle in the counterclockwise direction based on this criterion. The navigation star with the highest matching is identified. Unlike other identification algorithms that require selecting the nearest neighbor star which can be easily affected by interference as the rotational reference axis, our method effectively achieves rotation invariance in star identification by leveraging angle information. Therefore, it exhibits better tolerance to positional noise, magnitude noise, and false stars, particularly demonstrating higher robustness against focal length variations. Full article

The carbon quota trading mechanism is considered one of the most effective incentives for carbon reduction to address global climate change. Currently, the EU has adopted this mechanism to intervene in the zero-carbon transition of shipping companies. Unlike other businesses, the shipping market experiences cyclical changes and high uncertainty, with many factors and complex systems involved in the zero-carbon transition process. Research on the impact of dynamic penalty mechanisms combined with government incentive policies on the zero-carbon transition of shipping companies is relatively scarce. To explore this process under such mechanisms, an evolutionary game model of shipping companies’ zero-carbon transition considering dynamic penalties and carbon quota trading was constructed. The model analyzes the effects of factors such as carbon trading prices, emission reductions resulting from zero-carbon transition, government supervision costs, supervision intensity, subsidy values, and penalty caps on the transition process and performs a simulation analysis. The results indicate the following: (1) Under dynamic penalty mechanisms, the evolutionary trajectories of both government and shipping companies spiral towards a unique evolutionary stable strategy, addressing the shortcomings of static penalty mechanisms. (2) Government supervision costs negatively impact the zero-carbon transition of shipping companies, while supervision intensity has a positive effect. Government subsidies positively affect transition strategies but have a minor impact. Increasing the penalty cap benefits the zero-carbon transition of companies. (3) There is a critical point for carbon trading prices corresponding to changes in zero-carbon transition strategies, providing a basis for companies to decide whether to buy or sell carbon emission trading rights. Additionally, government regulatory changes lag behind the changes in companies’ zero-carbon transition behaviors. The results provide significant insights for government strategy formulation and investment in zero-carbon transition under the carbon quota trading mechanism. Full article

As a “testing ground” for a new round of institutional innovation, China’s pilot free trade zones (FTZs) have created favorable development conditions for listed companies and significantly influenced their sustainability performance. Utilizing data from Shanghai and Shenzhen A-share listed companies from 2010 to 2022, this study uses the establishment of FTZs as a “quasi-natural experiment” and measures corporate sustainability performance by combining financial and environmental performance. A PSM-DID model is constructed to explore the impact of FTZ construction on corporate sustainability performance. The findings are as follows: (1) The establishment of FTZs significantly enhances both the financial and environmental performance of companies. (2) FTZs promote corporate sustainability performance by reducing transaction costs and improving corporate innovation levels. (3) The establishment of FTZs has a significantly positive impact on the sustainability performance of companies in highly competitive industries, non-labor-intensive industries, high-tech enterprises, and large-scale companies. This study reveals the impact and transmission mechanisms of FTZs on corporate sustainability performance, providing new empirical evidence for the future direction of corporate sustainable development in China. Full article

This paper investigates the role of pilot free trade zones (FTZs) as a policy testing terrace for achieving the sustainable development goals in China. Using a sample of data from Chinese companies that were listed in Shanghai and Shenzhen A stocks, from 2009 to 2021, a difference-in-difference model is employed to assess the impact of FTZ establishment on sustainable development. The findings indicate that establishing FTZs significantly enhances a company’s sustainability performance, particularly in terms of environmental and social responsibility performance. They also foster an innovation-friendly environment, facilitating sustainable development goals in both institutional and innovation domains. Furthermore, the policy effects of FTZs exhibit a mixed picture, involving both a curse effect of political resources and a reinforcement effect of environmental protection goals. Additionally, the Matthew effect and spillover effect are observed in FTZs. Finally, this paper explores the linkages between FTZ construction and China’s “dual circulation” development pattern, revealing the effective role of FTZs in conjunction with new energy model cities for enhancing sustainable development. However, the linkage between FTZs and the Belt and Road Initiative is currently limited in terms of positively impacting a company’s sustainability performance. Full article

The use of a free-trade zone (FTZ) has emerged as a smart land tool in increasing trading, attracting foreign investment, attempting financial openness and conducting other pilot economic reforms, which adds higher requirements for smart spatial planning, smart industry planning and smart management planning. However, no systematic analysis has been performed, making it difficult to provide deeper insights into FTZs. Thus, this study conducted bibliometric and visual analysis to identify the research status, new theories or practices, and potential future directions of FTZs based on 953 publications from the Web of Science Core Collection. The results show that there is a marked rise in the number of FTZ studies since 2013, which is the same year China authorized the first FTZ in Shanghai. China and the United States of America have played a leading role in FTZ research. Finally, the increasing trend in FTZ utilization will remain sizeable during its deepening development. The findings may contribute to a better understanding of FTZs and make some references to smart land-use planning experience and practices around the globe. Full article

Subvisible particles are an ongoing problem in biotherapeutic injectable pharmaceutical formulations, and their identification is an important prerequisite for tracing them back to their source and optimizing the process. Flow imaging microscopy (FIM) is a favored imaging technique, mainly because of its ability to achieve rapid batch imaging of subvisible particles in solution with excellent imaging quality. This study used VGG16 after transfer learning to identify subvisible particle images acquired using FlowCam. We manually prepared standards for seven classes of particles, acquired the image information through FlowCam, and fed the images over 5 µm into VGG16 consisting of a convolutional base of VGG16 pre-trained with ImageNet data and a custom classifier for training. An accuracy of 97.51% was obtained for the test set data. The study also demonstrated that the recognition method using transfer learning outperforms machine learning methods based on morphological parameters in terms of accuracy, and has a significant training speed advantage over scratch-trained CNN. The combination of transfer learning and FIM images is expected to provide a general and accurate data-analysis method for identifying subvisible particles. Full article

This paper, examining the Pilot Free Trade Zone Lin-Gang Special Area in China (Shanghai), identifies the relationship between urban expansion and habitat change and analyzes the influence mechanism of habitat quality (HQ) on spatiotemporal distribution. The results show the following: (1) From 2002 to 2019, the HQ in the study area decreased significantly, and the spatial differences gradually expanded over time. The HQ was low in the southwest and high in the northeast, and low-level habitats gradually moved to the southwest. This spatiotemporal evolutionary law was consistent with the local government’s 2003–2020 plans, which are composed of the joint development of a logistics park in the north, the Lin-Gang industrial zone in the west, and Shanghai port in the south. (2) Due to the interspersed distribution of high and low habitats caused by urban development and expansion, Moran’s index in spatial autocorrelation decreased over time, which means the spatial agglomeration of HQ decreased and that homogeneity increased. (3) The spatial distribution of HQ was quantified by landscape analysis. The results showed that the fragmentation degree in high-level habitat areas increased with time, while the middle-level habitat areas first increased and then decreased, and the low-level habitat areas displayed the opposite change in trend to that of the middle habitat. Full article

As China’s opening-up grows wider under the Belt and Road Initiative, the exploration and construction of free trade ports have received increasing attention. In 2018, China’s first free trade port was settled in Hainan instead of Shanghai. In 2019, after the Lingang New Area of China (Shanghai) Pilot Free Trade Zone was approved by the central government, six new pilot free trade zones were launched in Shandong, Hebei, Heilongjiang, Jiangsu, Yunnan, and Guangxi provinces. As the bridgehead of the Belt and Road Initiative, Shanghai established the first and biggest pilot free trade zone in China and gained the priority of institutional innovation exploration in Lingang New Area. Whether and how Shanghai will lead the construction of free trade ports and the new round of higher-level opening-up has become a research agenda that requires further study. Based on the document analysis, competition analysis and factor analysis in this paper, the following results were drawn out: (1) The construction of a free trade port is an upgrade of the 18 free trade zones and the 50 cities involved, and it needs more high-level opening-up, more sophisticated services, more rigorous supervision, and more professional talent; (2) With its geographical location, economic foundation, development support, and industrial services, Shanghai has the potential, foundation, and momentum to explore institutional innovation in the construction of pilot free trade zones and free trade port; (3) Development basis, port shipping, talent attraction, service support, risk supervision and control are the five major comparative advantages and the important driving factors that need to be considered in exploring and leading the construction of China’s free trade port under the higher quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative. Full article

Free trade zones represent an important system innovation space to realize economic agglomeration advantages with high-level openings. However, its evaluation of land intensive use has not received enough attention. The goal of this paper is to build a land use performance evaluation index system in line with the development trend of industrial economy and the characteristics of mixed land use in the free trade zones. An evaluation index system is constructed based on the three factors of land use status, land use efficiency and pilot free trade zone influence. Using the Delphi method and the entropy method, an empirical evaluation of the intensive land use level in the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone is conducted. The results show the following: (1) integrating new indicators such as the free trade zone influence, social and ecological benefits into the evaluation index system show a characteristic and innovative land use evaluation; (2) in terms of the level of intensive land use, the Waigaoqiao Free Trade Zone has the highest intensity, followed by the Yangshan Free Trade Port Zone, and the Pudong Airport Comprehensive Free Trade Zone has the lowest intensity; and (3) development time, degree of land use, differences in leading functions, industrial land structures, and the diversification of employment structures are important factors that influence the differences in the levels of intensive land use in the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone. This study also expands the performance evaluation of industrial land to the performance evaluation of construction land and provides references for industrial transformation and urban renewal of the Shanghai Pilot Free Trade Zone. Full article